Danmarks Statistik 

Division of agricultural statistics 

Sejrøgade 11
2100
København Ø

Danmark

The data describe the structure of agricultural holdings providing the general characteristics of farms and farmers and information on their land, livestock and labour force.  They also describe production methods, rural development measures and agro-environmental aspects that look at the impact of agriculture on the environment.

The data are used by public, researchers, farmers and policy-makers to better understand the state of the farming sector and the impact of agriculture on the environment. The data follow up the changes in the agricultural sector and provide a basis for decision-making in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other European Union policies.

The statistical unit is the agricultural holding (farm). The aggregated results are disseminated through statistical tables. The data are presented at different geographical levels and over periods.
The data collections are organised in line with Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and have a new structure, consisting of a core data set and several modules. The regulation covers the data collections in 2020 (the agricultural census), 2023 and 2026. The data are as comparable and coherent as possible with the other European countries.

Data are arranged in tables using many classifications. Please find below information on most classifications.

The classifications of variables are available in Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1874.

The farm typology means a uniform classification of the holdings based on their type of farming and their economic size. Both are determined on the basis of the standard gross margin (SGM) (until 2007) or standard output (SO) (from 2010 onward) which is calculated for each crop and animal. The farm type is determined by the relative contribution of the different productions to the total standard gross margin or the standard output of the holding.

The territorial classification uses the NUTS classification to break down the regional data. The regional data is available at NUTS level 2.

The statistics cover agricultural holdings undertaking agricultural activities as listed in item 3.5 below and meeting the minimum coverage requirements (thresholds) as listed in item 3.6 below.

The list of core variables is set in Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

The descriptions of the core variables as well as the lists and descriptions of the variables for the modules collected in 2019/2020 are set in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1874.

The following groups of variables are collected in 2020:

• for core: location of the holding, legal personality of the holding, manager, type of tenure of the utilised agricultural area, variables of land, organic farming, irrigation on cultivated outdoor area, variables of livestock, organic production methods applied to animal production;
• for the module "Labour force and other gainful activities": farm management, family labour force, non-family labour force, other gainful activities directly and not directly related to the agricultural holding;
• for the module "Rural development": support received by agricultural holdings through various rural development measures;
• for the module "Animal housing and rural development module":  animal housing, nutrient use and manure on the farm, manure application techniques, facilities for manure.

See sub-category below.

The agricultural holding is a single unit, both technically and economically, that has a single management and that undertakes economic activities in agriculture in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 belonging to groups:

- A.01.1: Growing of non-perennial crops

- A.01.2: Growing of perennial crops

- A.01.3: Plant propagation

- A.01.4: Animal production

- A.01.5: Mixed farming or

- The “maintenance of agricultural land in good agricultural and environmental condition” of group A.01.6 within the economic territory of the Union, either as its primary or secondary activity.

Regarding activities of class A.01.49, only the activities “Raising and breeding of semi-domesticated or other live animals” (with the exception of raising of insects) and “Bee-keeping and production of honey and beeswax” are included.

See sub-categories below.

The thresholds of agricultural holdings are available in the annex.

The same population of agricultural holdings defined in item 3.6.1.

The same population of agricultural holdings defined in item 3.6.2.

See sub-categories below.

The entire territory of the country.

The figures do not include Greeland and Faore Islands.

The most detailed geographical location of the farm is the municipality. Normally no figures for municipalities are published. Only for years of a total agricultural census does Statistics Denmark publish agricultural figures municipalities. For other years figures at NUTS3 or NUTS3 level are published. 

Farm structure statistics in Denmark cover the period from 1982 onwards at an almost complet comparability. Older time series are described in the previous quality reports (national methodological reports).

The 2020 data are processed (by Eurostat) with 2017 standard output coefficients (calculated as a 5-year average of the period 2015-2019). For more information, you can consult the definition of the standard output.

Two kinds of units are generally used:

• the units of measurement for the variables (area in hectares, livestock in (1000) heads or LSU (livestock units), labour force in persons or AWU (annual working units), standard output in Euro, places for animal housing etc.) and
• the number of agricultural holdings having these characteristics.

See sub-categories below.

For the farms applying for crops subsidies – and they constitute the vast majority – crops on free land reflect what the farms have reported to the Ministry of Agriculture in April 2020.

The deadline for applying for crop subsidies in 2020 was 17 April. Thus the 12-month period is 18 April 2019 - 17 April 2020.

For forestry and green house area the reference day 19 June 2020 applies for all farms.

For irrigable area the 12 months period prior to the reference day June 19 2020 applies.

For cattle Statistics Denmark receives the livestock register June 1 2020. For all other livestock and for animal housing the reference day June 19 2020 applies.

The manure management reflects the techniques which the farm has used in 12 months period prior to the reference day June 19 2020.

The 12-month period prior to the reference day June 19 2020.

The years 2018, 2019 and 2020.

The reference day June 19 2020. 

See sub-categories below.

Lov om Danmarks Statistik - Act on Statistics Denmark

https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2018/610

May 30 2018

All work regarding the farm structure census 2020 has been done by Statistics Denmark. The work has been shared between the division of agricultural statistics and a special division on data collecting.   

Individual information from surveys is treated strictly confidential. This is also the case for FSS.

In practice it means that only a few colleagues at Statistics Denmark have the right to access the FSS survey registers.

Such a practice is in line with principle 5 in European Statistics Code of Practice on statistical confidentiality.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

All data sets regarding FSS are stored at a special library on Statistics Denmark’s computer network as SAS data sets going back to 1982. Only authorised colleagues can access the individual farm information. The surveys are delivered to the Danish National Archive, which keeps the information as strictly confidential for 80 years.

When designing statistical tables the aim is to secure that no table cells contain very few farms. There are no exact rules regarding "very few farms" but all cells with less than five farms are set to missing.

See sub-categories below.

Researchers can obtain access to the surveys but only as anonymous information. If a researcher publishes statistical tables based on the individual information it must take place in agreement with Statistics Denmark. It is not very common that researchers requests micro data from FSS. 

The FSS is normally published 9-12 months from the reference day. The 2020 census was published May 27 2021 with a reference day June 19 2020. 

For all tables published online users can see when the next updated is expected to take place, se for instance here:

https://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/define.asp?MainTable=BDF11&PLanguage=1&Tabstrip=INFO&PXSId=0&SessID=352025523&FF=20&tfrequency=1

 An online table may or may be accompanied by a newsletter.

Users can find a description of the policy of Statistics Denmark here:

https://www.dst.dk/en/OmDS/strategi-og-kvalitet/politikker/kvalitetspolitik

Not applicable, no quality rating system exists for the Danish FSS 2020.

The farm structure survey is published yearly with number of farm by size and geography as well as statistical tables on crops and livestock. Labour force is not on the questionnaire every year. In the recent decade Statistics Denmark has published figures on labour force in agriculture for the years 2013, 2016, 2018 and 2020.

See sub-categories below.

https://www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/nyt/NytHtml?cid=25865

This news letter on the Danish farm structure census 2020 has as its main topic the distribution of agricultural land and farms by men and women. Likewise it focuses on female farm workers and spouses of farmers working on the farms.

See sub-categories below.

Statistisk tiårsoversigt 2020 (Statistical ten years review 2020). It is a general publication on all aspects of society, population, economy, employment and business life. It has a few very basic tables on number of farms, crops and livestock. A link to the publication 1964-2001 can be seen here:

https://www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/Publikationer/VisPub?cid=32730

See sub-categories below.

We do not monitor and record the number of consultations of data tables in the field of farm structure.

A description of the possibilities of online statistical tables can be seen here:

https://www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/brug-statistikken/muligheder-i-statistikbanken

Link to the most basic tables on farm structure:

https://statistikbanken.dk/20202

See sub-category below.

Not available

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

Not requested.

https://www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/dokumentation/statistikdokumentation/landbrugs--og-gartneritaellingen

This documentation on farm structure statistics is published by Statistics Denmark July 15 2021.

Not applicable

Not applicable

The quality of the Danish FSS is described in our national system of quality reports with text in both Danish and English:

[Agricultural and horticultural survey](http://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/agricultural-and-horticultural-survey) 

See sub-categories below.

The quality policy of statistics Denmark is described here:

https://www.dst.dk/en/OmDS/strategi-og-kvalitet/kvalitetspolitik

In the recent years Statistics Denmark has introduced a new validation system called DAF. It is designed especially for business surveys and involves for example giving priority to possible errors by their importance. Additionally controls can be introduced at an early stage, namely already when the farmer completes the questionnaire online.  Of course the system also has classical validation procedures with minimum/maxim value controls and comparison with previous surveys where a farm has taken part. This new system was not in place for the farm structure census 2020.

Overall accuracy

Coverage: The population includes all active farms in Denmark and is integrated in the Statistical Business Register (ESR), which is kept by Statistics Denmark. In order To ensure that the population is up to date Statistics Denmark regularly makes register merges with IACS and the Central Livestock Register (CHR). The assumption is that if a farm applies for crop subsidies or reports livestock to the livestock register it must be expected to be active in agriculture and should accordingly be marked as such in the register of Statistics Denmark. The sample is selected so that the lowest possible sample error is obtained with respect to agricultural area, pigs, cattle, fur animals and standard output. The farms are divided into groups - strata- by typology and size of standard output. The 2021 survey had 69 strata. Farms known to be specialized horticultural or poultry farms are selected exhaustively. As a general rule the bigger a farm is the more likely it is to be selected.

Information on crops is selected from IACS kept by the Ministry of Agriculture. When a farmer applies for subsidies he has to specify his crops carefully. IACS must therefore be assumed to be an extremely reliable source. Information on cattle is collected from the Central Livestock Register and fur animals are collected from The Association of Danish Fur animals farmers. For both these types of livestock the farmer answers yes/no, and for farmers having answered yes the number of animals is taken from respectively The Central Livestock and The Association of Danish Fur animals farmers.

Control: Several computer validations and checks are made before publishing the results.

Due to many different survey characteristics it is not possible to give one figure for the sample error but just some examples:

• Total agricultural area, hectares: 0,6 per cent
• Winter wheat, hectares: 1,1 per cent
• Spring wheat, hectares: 5,8 per cent
• Straw berries, hectares: 15,9 per cent
• Cattle, number of animals: 0,9 per cent
• Pig, number of animals: 1,3 per cent
• Sheep, number of animals: 10,4 per cent
• Minks, , number of animals: 3,2 per cent

Certain figures are often reported as round figures, for instance 12.000 chickens. However, there is no reason to assume that there should be any systematic over- or under estimation in the figures. Farmers may forget to answer certain questions. Such errors are difficult to find when it comes to livestock of minor importance like sheep, goats and horses. Questions on work time for the farmer and spouse can be difficult to answer for part time farmers.

Sampling error

• Total agricultural area, hectares: 0,6 %
• Winter wheat, hectares: 1,1 %
• Spring wheat, hectares: 5,8 %
• Straw berries, hectares: 15,9
• Cattle, number of animals: 0,9 %
• Pig, number of animals: 1,3 %
• Sheep, number of animals: 10,4 %
• Minks, , number of animals: 3,2 %

User Needs

The farm structure survey fulfils a general need for a structural statistics on the Danish agriculture where the business is described by size, geography, type of farming and other aspects.

However, agricultural statistics are more than just business statistics. It is also environmental statistics and the farm structure statistics provides also the users with number of animals and land use in agriculture.

The users are in particular EU, the ministries, farmer’s organisations, but also students and interested people in general. EU uses the statistics as a tool in the planning of the common agricultural policy.

Many users are interested in figures by municipalities. This need, however, can only be met for years where Statistics Denmark has carried through total censuses. For sample surveys reliable figures by municipalities cannot be made. The most recent total censuses took place in 2010 2020.

User Satisfaction

The main impression is that most users are satisfied with the statistics but often they have wishes about more detailed regional figures with figures for municipalities and also more agro environmental statistics.

There is no user board for agricultural statistics nor has there ever been conducted any survey on user satisfaction.

In 2020 the farm structure census certain questions asked certain questions not required by the regulation:

• Low and conservation tillage
• Production of berries (to other EU demands)
• Questions on mink
• Precision technology 
• Farmers with investments in foreign agriculture

The farm structure survey fulfils a general need for a structural statistics on the Danish agriculture where the business is described by size, geography, type of farming and other aspects.

However, agricultural statistics are more than just business statistics. It is also environmental statistics and the farm structure statistics provides also the users with number of animals and land use in agriculture.

The users are in particular EU, the ministries, farmer’s organisations, but also students and interested people in general. EU uses the statistics as a tool in the planning of the common agricultural policy.

Many users are interested in figures by municipalities. This need, however, can only be met for years where Statistics Denmark has carried through total censuses. For sample surveys reliable figures by municipalities cannot be made. The most recent total censuses took place in 2010 and 2020.

No such plans exist so far.

No survey on user satisfaction exists.

Not applicable

Information on low- and zero prevalence variables is available on: Eurostat's website.

Not applicable for Integrated Farm Statistics as the not collected variables, not-significant variables and not-existent variables are completed with 0.

See categories below.

See sub-categories below.

No items have been covered in a sample in the Danish IFS 2020 meaning that all values per definition are equal to zero.

Not relevant, see 13.2.1

Not relevant for the Danish farm structure census 2020 since no items have been covered in a sample.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

The over-coverage rate is available in the annex. The over-coverage rate is unweighted.
The over-coverage rate is calculated as the share of ineligible holdings to the holdings designated for the core data collection. The ineligible holdings include those holdings with unknown eligibility status that are not imputed nor re-weighted for (therefore considered ineligible).
The over-coverage rate is calculated over the holdings in the main frame and if applicable frame extension, for which core data are sent to Eurostat. 

Statistics Denmark works currently on keeping its farm register up to date. It is for example done by comparing the most recent edition of IACS with the year before. Farms applying for crop subsidies in year N-1 but not in year N can most often be deleted from the farm register, at least if they cannot at the same time be found in the livestock register.

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

Unknown

When keeping the farm register up to date farms found in IACS or the livestock will added the statistical farm register and will thus next year be added to survey population. Special for the farm structure census 2020 the following measure was taken: When we received IACS 2020 in July we found about 1.500 farms which were not  in the census. Instead of just imputing these farms we sent them a questionnaire and included them thereby in the census.

Nothing to remark

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

There is no information on measurement errors regarding the farm structure survey 2020.

Statistics Denmark has no knowledge of the size of measurement errors in the 2020 Danish farm structure census, nor do we know whether certain items should be more subject to measurement errors than others.

See sub-categories below.

The unit non-response rate is in the annex of item 13.3.1.1. The unit non-response rate is unweighted.
The unit non-response rate is calculated as the share of eligible non-respondent holdings to the eligible holdings.  The eligible holdings include those holdings with unknown eligibility status which are imputed or re-weighted for (therefore considered eligible).
The unit non-response rate is calculated over the holdings in the main frame and if applicable frame extension, for which core data are sent to Eurostat.

See the annex

Normally all parts of the questionnaire are completed by the farmer. When completing the questionnaire online the procedure is that the farmer cannot leave a section before having answered the questions. And when the questionnaires are completed by telephone interviews the interviewer will ask all questions.

However in relation to the total census 2020 we introduced two exceptions, namely animal housing and storage facilities for livestock manure.  For these items we decided that we would allow missing answers. Evidently such a step must necessarily involve the introduction of imputation. A method of donor imputation was chosen where a farm with valid information and with the same number of the concerned animal (or rather close to) gives its information to the farm with missing information.

In the annex the degree of imputation is shown.

The highest item non-response rate concerns the questions on animal housing for other cattle than diary cows. 17,4 percent of the farms failed to answer the questions. The codes are these:

A2000X2300F_AVGNR             Other bovine animals - average number

A2000X2300F_TS_SL               Other bovine animals in tied stalls (slurry)

A2000X2300F_TS_SO              Other bovine animals in tied stalls (solid manure)

A2000X2300F_LH_SL               Other bovine animals in loose/cubicle housing (slurry)

A2000X2300F_LH_SO               Other bovine animals in loose/cubicle housing (solid manure)

A2000X2300F_OH_SL              Other bovine animals in other types of housing (slurry)

A2000X2300F_OH_SO              Other bovine animals in other types of housing (solid manure)

A2000X2300F_T_ALW              Other bovine animals always outdoors

A2000X2300F_T_PART             Other bovine animals partly outdoors (grazing)

A2000X2300F_EXRY                 Other bovine animals with access to exercise yards

The most important reason for item non-response for animal housing and storage facilities for manure is that these questions are new and might be seen as difficult. It is as mentioned in the 13.3.3.2.1 particularly high for “other cattle than dairy cows”. That is to be expected since relatively many farms with “other cattle” are small and medium sized farms which are not selected to the farm structure sample surveys so often. In the annex in 13.3.3.2.1 it is shown that item-non rate is much lower for farms with dairy cows and pigs. These farms are generally big and might be more used to deal with technical details regarding their business.  

See sub-categories below.

No specific actions in this field can be identified other than insisting on being careful and encouraging colleagues to do so as well. Fortunately at Statistics Denmark we have a culture where we realise that mistakes happen. And when a mistake happens we concentrate on correcting it rather than putting blame on the “guilty” persons.  

All staff at Statistics Denmark has the authority to correct mistakes regarding their normal responsibilities, if necessary to use normal tool like excel and SAS.

Not available

Not applicable, no model assumptions have been used in the Danish FSS 2020.   

See sub-categories below.

There is no provisional publication. 

The survey was published, May 27 2011, about 12 months after the reference day and 5 months after the end of the reference year.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Not requested.

The FSS is normally published 9-12 months from the reference day. The 2020 census was published May 27 2021 with a reference day June 19 2020. 

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable, because there are no mirror flows in Integrated Farm Statistics.

See sub-categories below.

Statistics Denmark follows the definition laid down in the regulation, article 2 that states that a farm “means a single unit, both technically and economically, that has a single management and that undertakes economic activities in agriculture”.

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

The differences are described in detail in 15.1.3.1.

The introduction in of new FSS threshold in 2010 meant a small break in the comparability between the 1982-2009 figures, also because we for national reasons included farms with minks for the first time. 1.167 were farm were includes which would not have been included (see attached 2010-newsletter) with threshold applied till 2009 (an agricultural area of at least 5,0 ha or a standard gross margin of at least 5.000 euro). But only 431 was due to the new EU thresholds, the remaining 731 farms were due to the inclusion of farms with minks as the only farm activity. So seen over the whole period 1982-2020 the comparability is almost complete. We have preferred to keep this comparability and not add more than 3.000 small farms to the statistics.           

See sub-categories below.

No such deviations exist in the Danish farm structure census. The definitions are in line with the Eurostat handbook.          

The information is available in the annex. 
The number of working hours and days in a year for a full-time job correspond to one annual working unit (AWU) in the country. One annual work unit corresponds to the work performed by one person who is occupied on an agricultural holding on a full-time basis. Annual working units are used to calculate the farm work on the agricultural holdings.

The information is available in the annex of item 15.1.4.1.1. 

The information is available in the annex of item 15.1.4.1.1. 

The livestock unit coefficients are the as laid down in the regulation.

There are no differences between the types of livestock that Denmark includes under the heading “Other livestock n.e.c.” and the type of livestock that should be included according to the EU handbook.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

The reference periods are in line with regulation.

Not applicable

All agricultural land in Denmark is owned somebody, most often private farmers. To a smaller extent agricultural land can also be owned by for example municipalities and churches. But it never occurs that there is a piece of land which can be used in common by several farms.   

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

The organic farm certification is administrated by the Ministry of Agriculture. It is in line with Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007.

Not applicable

In the Danish farm structure census 2020 is data collected in the same way all over the country.

See sub-categories below.

Compared to FSS 2016 we have in order to be in line with the EU reqirements introduced seven new rules in IFS 2020 for farms being covered, see the annex.

Therefore, the length of comparable time series is 1.

See sub-categories below.

Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 newly considers agricultural holdings with only fur animals. Therefore, for Eurostat, IFS 2020 data includes data on holdings with only minks unlike FSS 2016.

See sub-categories below.

The Danish FSS 2020 has been subject to the same thresholds that were applied in the 2010 census and the sample surveys in 2013 and 2016, see Regulation 1166/2008, Annex II.

But in order to fulfill the requirements of the new regulation 2018/1091 new thresholds have been added:

In addition, the 2016 thresholds (presented in the 2016 national methodological report) include:

• At least 20 sheep and at least 20 goats
• Greenhouse and mushrooms of at least 1000 m2

the 2020 thresholds include a modified version of these thresholds:

• At least 20 sheep and goats (considered together)
• Greenhouse and mushrooms of at least 100 m2 (0.01 ha)

(as illustrated in the annex attached to 2020 quality report item 3.6.1)

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

Legal personality of the agricultural holding

In IFS, there is a new class (“shared ownership”) for the legal personality of the holding compared to FSS 2016, which trigger fluctuations of holdings in the classes of sole holder holdings and group holdings. 

Other livestock n.e.c.

In FSS 2016, deer were included in this class, but in IFS they are classified separately.

Also in FSS 2016, there was a class for the collection of equidae. That has been dropped and equidae are included in IFS in "other livestock n.e.c."

Livestock units

In FSS 2016, turkeys, ducks, geese, ostriches and other poultry were considered each one in a separate class with a coefficient of 0.03 for all the classes except for ostriches (coefficient of 0.035). In IFS 2020, the coefficients were adjusted accordingly, with turkeys remaining at 0.03, ostriches remaining at 0.35, ducks adjusted to 0.01, geese adjusted to 0.02 and other poultry fowls n.e.c. adjusted to 0.001.

Organic animals

While in FSS only fully compliant (certified converted) animals were included, in IFS both animals under conversion and fully converted are to be included.

See sub-categories below.

In FSS 2016 the reference day was May 13 and in IFS 2020 June 19.

By groups of variables, there are some changes presented in the following table.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

FSS2016 data are currently under review. The issue is wrongly calculated extrapolation factors for small farms < 5.0 ha.

Identified trends on Livestock

- A6111, rabbits. Very few Danish farms have rabbits. This was also the case in 2016. So we should bear in mind that the 2016 result was subject to a considerable sample error. Only 28 farms in the sample had rabbits.

- A2300G Non diary cows: The number of these animals has decreased about 20 percent in the recent decade. The reason is bad economy for cattle held for meat production whereas the economy for milk production cows has been somehow better, see statistikbanken.dk/REGNPRO2

There is in these years a tendency towards specialisation and concentration in the Danish agriculture. One consequence of this tendency is relatively fewer farms with livestock and relatively more farms with plant production only. For instance the share of farms with cattle and pigs in Denmark has decreased slightly from 2016 to 2020. But the most important reasons for the increase are these two:
1) More small farms are added in 2020 as described in the passage above on farms under 5.0 hectares where some of them have no livestock.
2) The 2016 FSS had an item C_1 horses. But horses are not on the EUROFARM list in 2020. It means that from Eurostat’s point of view “no animal farms” in 2020 include farms which have horses but no other animals. Horses

Identified trends on crops

- ARA99T, other crops: This crop is like all crops on free land collected from IACS, a source we consider as extremely reliable. It is small crop so we should remember a high sample error in 2016.
C1400T, oats: This crop has become more popular among Danish farmers in the recent years. The weather conditions in the late winter 2020 with an extremely wet February made it necessary for many farmers to resown winter crops with spring crops and it favoured oats being almost always cultivated as sp ring crops.
- E0000T, seeds for sowing, Due to good prices seeds for sowing are becoming more popular. In 2022 the area has increased even more to 123.000 hectares according to IACS.
- F1100T+F1200T, Pome fruits – outdoor and Stone fruits – outdoor: The increase is unfortunately due to that cherries were included under F1200T in 2016 but not in 2016 were it was included under B_4_1_2, berries.
- F3000T, Berries (excluding strawberries) – outdoor: The item consists mainly of black currants and red currants. These berries are declining these years due to completion from other countries, for example Poland. This tendency is far from new and continues after 2020.
- F4000T, nuts: it is such a small crop so it is impossible to explain the increase from 2016 to 2020. The crop is collected from IACS mean ing that the 2020 result is reliable whereas the 2016-result is subject to a high sample error.
- G9100T+G9900T, Other cereals harvested green (excluding green maize) - out-door: The crop is collected from ICS and the figures is thus seen as reliable. We got no special
explanation for the drop in the area. A guess, however, could be a drop in number of cattle in the recent years.
- I1110T 58 Rape and turnip rape seeds - outdoor – outdoor: As explained under oats the weather conditions were in disfavour for winter crops. Almost all rape in Denmark is cultivated as winter crops.
- I6000T, Energy crops n.e.c. – outdoor: This crop has by mistake been set to zero. Data will be corrected.
- J2000T, Permanent rough grazings – outdoor: The crop is collected from IACS and the figure is thus seen as reliable. We have no explanation for the increase compared t o 2016.
- P1000T, pulses: in the recent years horse beans have become popular among Danish farmers. It is a very protein rich crop suitable for production of fodde r. The area with horse beans has also increased in 2021 and 2022.
- V0000_S0000S, vegetables under glass: Generally, horticultural products like vegetables, fruits and berries are declining in these years and it is also true for greenhouse products.

Identified trends on labour force

MOGA_NFAM_RH, non-family workers working on non-agricultural activities on the farm as their main occupation: We have no explanation for the drop from 2016 to 2020. The
Danish questionnaire is the same in 2016 and 2020 when it comes to non-agricultural activities on the farm. It should be borne in mind that very few farms conduct other activities
with non-family workers as their main occupation. It means that there is a rather high sample error in 2016.

Farm typology evolution

The number of small farms with less than 5.0 hectares has increased drastically from 2016 to 2020. This development is not real. We have added 3.863 small Danish farms by having introduced new thresholds leading to a break in the comparability between 2016 and

2020. These 3.863 farms would not have been included had the thresholds laid down in regulation 1166/2008 still been in force. This is, however, not the whole explanation. There are problems with the extrapolation factors of the 2016 survey regarding the small farms. One option to solve the issue could be to recalculate the 2016-extrapolation factors. this had a severe impact also in thes evolution of number of holdings by SO_EURO and by LSU class.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable to Integrated Farm Statistics, because there are no sub annual data collections in agriculture.

Not applicable, because Integrated Farm Statistics have no relevance for national accounts.

See sub-categories below.

We do not have any suitable sources for such an analysis.

See sub-categories below.

Coherence cross-domain: IFS vs Annual Crops Statistics CULTIVATED AREA in relative terms

- Vegetables and strawberries: The item in ANC is collected in a special survey different from FSS in combination with extrapolations based mainly on IACS. Furthermore ANC includes green house crops.
If we select cauliflower, broccoli, white- and pointed cabbage, red cabbage, Chinese cabbage, other cabbages, leeks, other lettuces, spinach, asparagus, large cucumber, squash, carrots, onions, celeriac, Jerusalem artichoke, beetroot, parsnip other root, tuber and bulb vegetables, peas for human consumption, lettuce, greenhouses, tomatoes, greenhouses, cucumbers, greenhouses, sweet corn and strawberries we get a total of 14.441 which is rather close to FSS.
- Fruits, berries and nuts: The ANC value for 2020 most likely includes strawberries. Take a look at this online table: statbank.dk/gartn1
If we select the following crops apples, pears, sour cherries, sweet cherries, plums, black currant, red currant, hipberries, blueberries, raspberries, other berries and strawberries we will obtain a total of 4.493 ha. However, if we exclude straw berries we will get a total of 3.435 ha, much closer to FSS. Again FSS and ANC cannot be expected to be identical.
- Flowers and ornamental plants: The difference is most likely due to rounding.
- In connection with the 2016 survey Eurostat requested a rather narrow definition of “other crops”. In ANC “other crops are defined much wider.
- Grain maize: The difference is most likely due to that the ANC values are reported rounded to closest hundred. Furthermore in the ANC the areas of cereals, pulses and rape are collected from IACS with no threshold for small farms as is the case in FSS. By the way there similar small differences also for the other four NUTS2 regions.
- Oats: In ANC there is no independent item for oats. The area of 83.120 ha includes oats, triticale mixed grain and other cereals.

The data are internally consistent. This is ensured by the application of a wide range of validation rules.

See sub-categories below.

Farmers having taken part in the pig survey in April do not need to report pigs to the FSS only one month later. But they have to complete all other parts of the FSS questionnaire. 

FSS 2020 used pretty much the same tools as FSS 2016.    

See sub-categories below.

The questionnaire is normally completed online and we have thereby no knowledge on how long time it takes. In cases where the questionnaire is completed through telephone interviews the experience is that it most often can be completed in less than ten minutes. How the time is distributed by the different parts of the questionnaire is it not possible to say anything certain about.

No safe knowledge is available.

Not relevant since all items of this module are collected from administrative registers.

No safe knowledge is available.

Not relevant for FSS 2020 since there is no provisional version of the survey. If major mistakes are found after first publication they will of course be corrected and the correction will be announced on our homepage. No such thing happened to the Danish FSS 2020. 

Statistics Denmark has no special revision policy and practice differs from statistics to statistics.  

There was only one publication of FSS 2016 and thereby no revisions. 

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

FSS population register

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

The information is available on Eurostat's website.

See the attached Excel file in the Annex.

The information on innovative approaches is available on  Eurostat's website.

The agricultural census is conducted every 10 years.  The decennial agricultural census is complemented by sample or census-based data collections organised every 3-4 years in-between.

See sub-categories below.

Please find the questionnaire in annex.

See sub-categories below.

Oracle and SAS

Not applicable

Among 36.576 farms sent to Eurostat, the following apply:

• 13,9 % of the farms have been imputed
• They have 2,2 % of the agricultural area (UAAT).
• They have 1,7 % of the livestock units  

Covered under Data compilation.

Not applicable to Integrated Farm Statistics, because it collects structural data on agriculture.

See sub-categories below.

CAP – Common Agricultural Policy

CAPI –  Computer Assisted Personal Interview

CATI – Computer Assisted Telephone Interview

CAWI – Computer Assisted Web Interview

FSS – Farm Structure Survey

IACS – Integrated Administration and Control System

IFS – Integrated Farm Statistics

LSU – Livestock units

NACE – Nomenclature of Economic Activities

NUTS – Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics

PAPI – Paper and Pencil Interview

SO – Standard output

UAA – Utilised agricultural area

No additional comments.