Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Data and metadata are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States in the framework of the Unified Demographic Data Collection which is in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 and their implementing regulations.
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS): Based on the Civil Registration Services Law No. 5490, ABPRS was established by matching the residence addresses of Turkish Republic (TR) citizens identifed in the National Address Database (NAD) with the population registers in the Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) database using the TR identification numbers. In addition, foreign population residing in Türkiye is included in the ABPRS with their residence addresses. In accordance with the relevant law, ABPRS was transferred to the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC) affiliated to the Ministry of Interior, and the system (persons/addresses) is updated by the GDCRC.
National Address Database (NAD): Database that covers all addresses and their components within the country.
Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS): Database that includes population registers in the form of family ledgers. It is maintained by the GDCRC affiliated to the Ministry of Interior.
Death Statistics: The death statistics which have been compiled through Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) Death Statistics Form between 1957-2008 and from the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship (GDCRC), Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) and Ministry of Health (MoH), Death Notification System (DNS) causes of death data and suicide data sent by related institutions from 2009 onwards include information on age, age group, sex, month of death, legal marital status, educational level and country of birth of deceased person, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, under five mortality rate, daily and monthly infant deaths, infant deaths by educational level of mother and father, underlying cause of death, cause of suicide, crude suicide rate etc.
Birth Statistics: Using The Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs, the Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS), Ministry of Health Birth Registration System and TurkStat causes of death data; it compiles data on crude birth rate, general fertility rate, total fertility rate, age-specific fertility rate, sex and birth month of newborn, multiple birth, birth order, age group of the mother, legal marital status, country of birth, educational level, duration of marriage, nationality of the mother, age group and nationality of the father, and helps determine the situation at national and local levels, identify problems, make predictions about the future and make effective plans.
Marriage Statistics: The data are obtained from database of the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC), Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS). Variables compiled: Month of marriage, crude marriage rate, average age at marriage, mean age at first marriage, age difference of spouses, previous marital status of spouses, citizenship, country of birth and level of education.
Divorce Statistics: Variables: The data are obtained from database of the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC), Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS). Variables compiled: Crude divorce rate, age group, age difference of spouses, cause of divorce, duration of divorce case, duration of marriage, number of children given to parent's guardianship, citizenship, country of birth and level of education.
3.2. Classification system
The regional breakdown of the Member States in the regional demographic tables is done under the most recent NUTS classification. There are agreements between Eurostat and Candidate countries as well as between Eurostat and EFTA countries, for which statistical regions have been coded in a way that resembles NUTS.
For more information on the versions in force, please see: Eurostat NUTS.
Statistical Regions (SR): In the dissemination of data, the SR classification is used as a geographical classification. In order to collect and develop regional statistics, to conduct socio-economic analyses of regions, to set the framework of regional policies and to constitute a comparable statistical database in accordance with the European Union Regional Statistical System, the SR was introduced nationwide in 2005. In the SR classification, provinces are defined as “Level 3”; and neighboring provinces that are similar in economic, social and geographical terms are grouped as “Level 1” and “Level 2”, taking into account regional development plans and population sizes. In this way, a hierarchical SR classification has been developed.
A. Level 1 territorial units for statistics: 12 regions formed by grouping Level 2 subregions.
B. Level 2 territorial units for statistics: 26 subregions defined by grouping neighboring Level 3 provinces.
C. Level 3 territorial units for statistics: 81 provinces. Each province is defined as a territorial unit for statistics.
Age Classification: According to the International Standard Age Classification (ISAC), age groups in 5-year interval (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, ..., 90+) are used.
Country names: In international migration statistics, TurkStat Classification Server and “the names and demonyms of the countries of the world” list of the Directorate of Translation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs were used.
International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED): ISCED is designed to serve as an instrument suitable for assembling, compiling and presenting comparable indicators and statistics of education both within individual countries and internationally. It presents standard concepts, definitions and classifications. ISCED covers all organized and sustained learning opportunities for children, youth and adults including those with special needs education, irrespective of the institution or entity providing them or the form in which they are delivered.
Classification of Diseases: International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) is used for the evaluation of cause of death statistics.
3.4.1 Statistical concepts and definitions used in the statistics transmitted to Eurostat
1.Usually Resident Population
2. Legal Residence Population
3. Registered Residence Population
4. Other
Population
X
Live births
X
Deaths
X
Immigrants
X
Emigrants
X
Acquisitions of citizenship
X
Loss of citizenship
X
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Not available.
Infant deaths
X
Marriages
X
Divorces
X
3.4.2 Statistical concepts and definitions used in the statistics disseminated in the National Statistical Institute's website
Population
In the ABPRS, Turkish Republic (TR) citizens and foreign population residing within the boundaries of the country are covered.
Foreign population covers individuals;
holding a valid residence/work permit at the reference day,
having a valid address declaration at the reference day while holding an identity document equivalent to residence permit such as international protection identity document,
having already renounced his/her TR citizenship while having a valid address declaration at the reference day.
In addition to Syrians under temporary protection, foreigners holding visas or residence permits shorter than 90 days with the purpose of training, tourism, scientific research, etc. are not covered.
Live births
Regardless of the duration of pregnancy, the births where the child lives at least a few minutes and shows evidence of life like crying, breathing or moving.
Deaths
Death is the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after live birth has taken place.
Immigrants
Immigration refers to the number of people who migrated to Türkiye from abroad within a year for the purpose of residing.
Immigration covers Turkish Citizens and foreign nationals who were registered in the present year's ABPRS but not registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations. Migration flow statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Emigrants
Emigration refers to the number of people who migrated from Türkiye to abroad within a year for the purpose of residing.
Emigration covers Turkish citizens and foreign nationals who were not registered in the present year's ABPRS but registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations. Migration flow statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Data regarding to naturalization are within the context of Article No. 11, 12, 16, 17 and 20 of Turkish Nationality Law No. 5901.
Loss of citizenship
Data regarding to deprivation of citizenship is also within the context of Article No. 25 of Turkish Nationality Law No. 5901.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Not available.
Infant deaths
Infant death includes deaths occurring in one year after live birth has taken place. In other words, infant deaths are those which occur before completing one year of age.
Marriages
In accordance with the Turkish Civil Code, marriage is a contract made between a man and a woman to live together, sanctioned by a legal authority.
Divorces
A final legal dissolution of a marriage, that is, the separation of husband and wife by a judicial decree, which confers on the parties the right to civil remarriage.
3.4.3 Differences in statistical concepts and definitions between the statistics transmitted to Eurostat and those disseminated in the National Statistics Institute's website
Population
Not applicable.
Live births
Not applicable.
Deaths
Not applicable.
Immigrants
Not applicable.
Emigrants
Not applicable.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Not applicable.
Loss of citizenship
Not applicable.
Legally induced abortions
Not applicable.
Late foetal deaths
Not applicable.
Infant deaths
Not applicable.
Marriages
Not applicable.
Divorces
Not applicable.
3.5. Statistical unit
Population: Number of persons
Death Statistics: Deceased person (Death event)
Birth Statistics: Infants born as live births
Marriage Statistics: Individuals aged 16 and over who have engaged in marriage
Divorce Statistics: Individuals who got divorce event
3.6. Statistical population
Statistical population
Population
In the ABPRS, Turkish Republic (TR) citizens and foreign population residing within the boundaries of the country are covered.
Foreign population covers individuals;
holding a valid residence/work permit at the reference day,
having a valid address declaration at the reference day while holding an identity document equivalent to residence permit such as international protection identity document,
having already renounced his/her TR citizenship while having a valid address declaration at the reference day.
In addition to Syrians under temporary protection, foreigners holding visas or residence permits shorter than 90 days with the purpose of training, tourism, scientific research, etc. are not covered.
Live births
These are children born in the reference year who reside in Türkiye in the month of birth; at least one of whose mother and father is a Turkish citizen or both of them are foreign mothers and fathers who have a residence or work permit in Türkiye.
Deaths
Persons who died while residing in Türkiye in the reference year.
Immigrants
Immigration refers to the number of people who migrated to Türkiye from abroad within a year for the purpose of residing. Immigration covers Turkish Citizens and foreign nationals who were registered in the present year's ABPRS but not registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations. Migration flow statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Emigrants
Emigration refers to the number of people who migrated from Türkiye to abroad within a year for the purpose of residing. Emigration covers Turkish citizens and foreign nationals who were not registered in the present year's ABPRS but registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations. Migration flow statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Data regarding to naturalization are within the context of Article No. 11, 12, 16, 17 and 20 of Turkish Nationality Law No. 5901.
Loss of citizenship
Data regarding to deprivation of citizenship is also within the context of Article No. 25 of Turkish Nationality Law No. 5901.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Not available.
Infant deaths
Infants who died before completing one year of age while residing in Türkiye in the reference year.
Marriages
Individuals aged 16 and over who reside in Türkiye and got married within the reference year.
Divorces
People who reside in Türkiye and are divorced within the reference year.
3.7. Reference area
Dissemination level: Data produced from the ABPRS and other administrative registers are disseminated once a year for whole country and at the SR 1, 2 and 3 (province) and district levels in accordance with the national administrative units (provinces, districts, municipalities, villages and quarters) defined in the NAD.
Population of localities are determined according to the administrative attachment, legal entity and name changes recorded in the NAD by the GDCRC and the procedures (formation of addresses, changes in address components, etc.) carried out on the NAD by the authorized administrations (municipalities and special provincial administrations for villages) as of December 31 in accordance with the related regulations and administrative registers.
Death Statistics: The whole Türkiye and data are published by Statistical Regions since 2009. Also, the death data are available for the province and districts according to the usual residence of deceased person.
Birth Statistics: The whole Türkiye and data are published by Statistical Regions since 2009. Also, the data are available for the province and districts according to the usual residence of mother.
Marriage Statistics: The whole Türkiye and data are published by Statistical Regions since 2001. Data is available by "place of event". Also, the data are available for the province and districts according to place of event.
Divorce Statistics: The whole Türkiye and data are published by Statistical Regions since 2001. Data is available by "place of event". Also, the data are available for the province and districts according to the usual residence of male.
3.8. Coverage - Time
For population, data is available annually since 2007 with the reference date of 31 December.
Death statistics are available from 1957 onwards.
Causes of death statistics are available from 2009 onwards (internationally comparable).
Birth statistics are available from 2001 onwards.
Marriage statistics are available from 1982 onwards.
Divorce statistics are available from 1967 onwards.
International migration statistics are being produced annually based on two consecutive ABPRS data dated 31 December. Annual data is available since 2016.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Data is collected at individual level.
While the unit of measurement for all variables related to population size and characteristics is "person", the unit of measurement for all variables related to household characteristics is "household".
Vital Statistics;
Number of deaths: Person
Crude death rate: Per thousand
Infant mortality rate: Per thousand
Under five mortality rate: Per thousand
Births: Number of babies born alive
Crude birth rate: The number of live births per thousand population in a given year.
General fertility rate: The number of live births per thousand females in 15-44 age group in a given year.
Age specific fertility rate: The average number of live births per thousand women in certain age group.
Adolescent fertility rate: The average number of live births per thousand women in 15-19 age group.
Total fertility rate: The average number of live births that a woman would have under the assumption that she survived to the end of her reproductive life which is 15-49 age group and bore according to a given age specific fertility rate.
The unit of measure for the crude marriage and divorce rates are the number of events per 1000 population.
The unit of measure for the mean age at marriage, at birth, at first marriage and at first birth is the mean age of person at the time of event.
The reference date for population data is the December 31st of the year preceding the date of announcement.
The reference period for vital events data is the calendar year (between January 1 and December 31) in which the events occurred. The data within the reference year (between January 1 and December 31) are covered, and in order to capture the scope, death data were revised 3 years, birth data were revised 5 years, marriage and divorce data are revised 1 year retrospectively due to delayed registrations to the administrative records and registers added later for the revised years are also included in the publication period.
The reference period for international migration statistics is the December 31st of two consecutive years preceding the date of announcement.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Turkish Statistical Institute
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Turkish Statistical Law No. 5429 of 10 November 2005.
The purpose of this law is to determine basic principles and standards concerning the production and organisation of official statistics; and to regulate the formation, duties, and authorities of the Turkish Statistical Institute (Turkstat) which is to compile and assess data and information, produce, publish, and disseminate statistics on the areas that country needs, and to ensure coordination among institutions and organizations that are involved in the statistics process prescribed in the Official Statistics Programme(Article 1).
The Official Statistics Programme establishes the framework for official statistics that shall be produced on subjects required at national and international level. Censuses and surveys are carried out within the framework of this Programme. Taking into account the existing resources, the burden on the respondents and the cost-benefit analysis, the Programme covers statistics needed to determine and monitor the situations of the country in the fields of economy, social issues, demography, culture, environment, science, technology and any other required areas(Article 3).
The Presidency, institutions and organisations taken part in the Programme shall take the measures to ensure the easy and equal access to the official statistics by all users.
Population and Migration Statistics
Data on population and housing are compiled according to the responsibilities stated in Paragraph (a) of Article 29 of the Turkish Statistical Law on collecting the required statistical information on population, housing, education, culture, tourism, health, sports, justice, media, politics and other social subjects, analyzing them and calculating related indicators.
Population Services Law No. 5490 charged TurkStat for establishing the ABPRS, and Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC) for developing and maintaining the system. Changes in usual residence addresses are entered to the system by the Provincial and District Directorates of Population of the GDCRC. Updated information on population size and the basic characteristics of population is obtained from the system and announced by the TurkStat. Governmental organizations and establishments for their administrative works access the registers in the system by a protocol with GDCRC according to the Law.
Official population and migration statistics are produced by TurkStat based on the Official Statistics Programme prepared in accordance with the Turkish Statistical Law No. 5429 and the Presidential Decree No 4.
Vital Statistics
Vital events including births, deaths, marriages and divorces are obtained from the central civil registration system-MERNIS database, which is kept and updated by the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship of the Ministry of Interior, statistics are produced. MERNIS was converted to the online system in 2001. After that, birth statistics has been produced since 2001 from population registers. While birth statistics has been published according to the place of event (the place of birth occurred) in 2001-2008, it has been published according to the usual residence after 2009. Death statistics has been produced from MERNIS database since 2009. Death data taken from MERNIS database are matched with the causes of death data of TurkStat. So, death events not included in MERNIS database are added to the statistics. Main fertility and mortality indicators have been produced by NUTS-3 level since 2009.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
According to the Turkish Statistical Law with Article 12, access to statistical results are given as follows:
Article 12 - The Presidency, institutions and organisations taken part in the Programme* shall take the measures to ensure the easy and equal access to the official statistics by all users by obeying the standards and release calendar specified in the Programme. The statistical information compiled by the TurkStat cannot be given to any person or authority before this information is made open to public.
*Programme: The Official Statistics Programme.
Population Statistics
Population Services Law No. 5490 charged TurkStat for establishing the ABPRS, and Ministry of Interior, the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship (GDCRC) of the Ministry of Interior for developing and maintaining the system.
For population statistics, agreements and protocols made for data sharing, exchange and coordination are listed below:
Protocol on Data Exchange between the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Nationality affiliated to the Ministry of Interior and the Turkish Statistical Institute - (07 February 2006)
Protocol on Data Sharing between the Presidency of Migration Management affiliated to the Ministry of Interior and the Turkish Statistical Institute - (22 December 2017)
Protocol on Data Transfer and Usage Principles between the Ministry of Youth and Sports and the Turkish Statistical Institute - (20 October 2020)
Ministry of Justice, Directorate General of Prisons and Detention Houses (26 Januray 2024)
Ministry of Family and Social Services (21 July 2022)
Protocol on Data Transfer and Usage Principles between the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the Turkish Statistical Institute (09 August 2023)
International Migration Statistics
Annual immigration and emigration flow statistics were calculated based on Address Based Registration System, where the records of Turkish Republic (T.R.) citizens and foreigners residing in Türkiye are kept, and the database on T.R. citizens living abroad. Both these two systems are updated by the Ministry of Interior General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship (GDCRC). The main data sources are ABPRS, records of Turkish Republic citizens living abroad, residence permits, work permits, Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) records dated 31 December, and birth/death records.
Within this scope, agreements and protocols made for data sharing, exchange and coordination are listed below:
Protocol on Data Exchange between the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Nationality affiliated to the Ministry of Interior and the Turkish Statistical Institute - (07 February 2006).
Protocol on Data Sharing between the Presidency of Migration Management affiliated to the Ministry of Interior and the Turkish Statistical Institute - (22 December 2017).
Protocol on Data Transfer and Usage Principles between the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the Turkish Statistical Institute (09 August 2023).
Vital Statistics obtained from the MERNIS database;
The protocol for data sharing, exchange and coordination is below:
Protocol on Data Exchange between Republic of Türkiye The Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs and the Presidency of the Turkish Statistical Institute-(07 February 2006)
e-Report records of births:
Protocol on Data Exchange between Republic of Türkiye The Ministry of Health and the Presidency of the Turkish Statistical Institute-(06 November 2020)
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Confidential data
Data privacy and confidential data security regarding the statistics produced by Turkish Statistical Institute are guaranteed with the Turkish Statistical Law No. 5429 and the Regulation about Procedures and Principles of Data Privacy and Confidential Data Security of Official Statistics. Statistics are also prepared in accordance with the regulation published by the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) on March 11, 2009 with the number 223/2009 and the European Statistics Code of Practice, within the scope of harmonization with the European Union.The collection of data solely for statistical purposes and the confidentiality of the individual responses are guaranteed with the related legislation and regulations.
According to the Turkish Statistical Law (Article 13), confidential data can be accessed only by those involved in the production of official statistics, to the extent that they need for performing their duties properly. If the number of the statistical unit in any cell of the data table formed by aggregating the individual data is less than three or one or two of the statistical units are dominant even if the number of units is three or more, the data in the concerned cell is considered confidential. The confidential data are compiled, processed and preserved for the production of official statistics cannot be delivered to any administrative, judiciary or military authority or person, can not be used for purposes other than statistics or as an instrument of proof. Civil servants and other staff in charge of compiling and processing these data are obliged to comply with this rule. This obligation continues after the related personnel leave their duties and positions. The rulers of the institutions and organizations producing official statistics shall take all measures to prevent any illicit access, use or revelation of the confidential data. Data or information obtained from sources that are open to all people shall not be deemed confidential.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
For vital statistics published this procedure is not available.
For vital statistics which are not published and subject to official information requests in detailed breakdowns (single age, district etc.) if the number of statistical units in any cell of the data table created by aggregating individual data is less than three, the data in the relevant cell cannot be provided as it is considered confidential (According to Article 13 of Law No. 5429).
But for population statistics and international migration:
"confidential value" flag is put for the necessary conditions. Values at country level less than 250 are aggregated as "Other".
8.1. Release calendar
The data release calendar for statistical outputs is prepared on an annual basis and it is publicly announced on the National Data Release Calendar section of the website.
8.2. Release calendar access
Publication dates and times of the press releases published by the Turkish Statistical Institute are available at National Data Release Calendar.
8.3. Release policy - user access
The principles, standards and procedures regarding the publication and dissemination of statistics produced by Turkish Statistical Institute are determined by the Publication and Dissemination Board. In order to ensure that statistics are delivered to users in accordance with the principles of confidentiality and equal access, and in an accurate, reliable, consistent, timely, and transparent way, the publishing dates of the press releases are determined within the framework of the Directive on the Procedures and Principles Regarding the Working Calendars of the Presidency of the Turkish Statistical Institute and announced to the public via the institutional website at the beginning of each year.
Annually.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Data Portal (Population and Demography Statistics): Data website
Population:
ABPRS annual results are presented to the public with a press release in every January or February.
Information requests are met at national and international level. In addition, the information requested by international organizations such as Eurostat are provided.
Metadata on all indicators are given via TurkStat web page.
Main international reference documents for population statistics:
The Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat): Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on Population and Housing Censuses (Eur-lex.europa website).
Commission Implementing Regulations (CIR) for the Regulation (EC) No 763/2008:
All other manuals, guidelines and technical documents used for population and migration statistics are for internal use and are not shared with the public.
For vital statistics, POPSTAT( DEMOBAL, UNIDEMO) questionnaires of Eurostat are filled in and sent via EDAMIS.
POPSTAT/DEMOBAL: EU Member States and EFTA countries implement this data collection under Regulation (EU) 1260/2013 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 205/2014, and under Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EC) 351/2010.
For causes of death statistics, aggregated COD_SBN and COD_GEN questionnaires of Eurostat are filled in and sent via EDAMIS, according to Commission Regulation (EU) No 328/2011 as regards statistics on causes of death. Suicide statistics are consistent with cause of death statistics.
Basic documents within the scope of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS):
Handbook on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems - Preparation of a Legal Framework
Handbook on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems - Management, Operation and Maintenance
National reference documents:
All other manuals, guidelines and technical documents used for vital statistics are for internal use and are not shared with the public.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP) European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP) are the quality principles and standards established by the European Union. CoP; It consists of 3 main sections: institutional environment, statistical processes and statistical outputs. There are 16 quality principles and 84 quality indicators under these principles. TurkStat carries out its activities in accordance with the CoP's quality principles and indicators. The CoP is available on the Eurostat's website.
Institutional Quality Reports Institutional quality reports are prepared for annual studies. The relevant quality report can be accessed under the Metadata tab on the Statistics Data Portal. For population, vital statistics and international migration statistics, institutional quality reports are published at website within 45 days after the press release published.
ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Documentation Quality-related documents were created within the scope of the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management standard. Procedures, guides, instructions, plans, lists, and forms are included in the quality management system along with the standard coding system. There is a "Document Control Procedure" for the creation and updating of the documents. In addition, all studies are detailed on the basis of the articles of the standard in the "Quality Handbook", prepared within the scope of the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management standard.
TurkStat is committed to implementing a quality policy based on the European Statistics Code of Practice (ES-CoP), the European Statistical System Quality Assurance Framework (ESS-QAF), and other internationally recognized best practices determined by the European Statistical Office (Eurostat). In this context, TurkStat strictly adheres to and implements quality standards in statistical production processes by adopting the principle of continuous improvement and excellence in accordance with the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Standard.
Quality Assurance Framework
The Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (ESS QAF) is a supporting document that aims to assist in the implementation of the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP). It identifies possible activities, methods and tools that can provide guidance and evidence for the implementation of the CoP's indicators. TurkStat has determined its own quality assurance framework according to the QAF and shares it with all users on the TurkStat website. In line with the principles of the CoP, TurkStat quality assurance framework includes the studies, tools and legal regulations.
ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System
TurkStat is certified by the “ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System” standard. TurkStat implements a holistic quality management system by fulfilling all the necessary requirements of the standard.
For official statistics produced by TurkStat, definition of country of birth by statistical unit is given below.
Statistical Unit
Definition of country of birth*
Country of residence of the mother at the time of birth
Country in which the birth took place
Population
x
Mothers (for live births)
x
Deceased persons (deaths)
x
Immigrants
x
Emigrants
x
*For whole population, information on country of birth is produced based on the administrative registers. In this sense, definition of country of birth may differ for those born abroad depending on the registration process in the country of birth.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
11.2.1. Quality assessment: Type of duration of stay used when counting a person as a migrant according to Art. 2(b) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007
1. Actual duration of stay of at least 12 months
2. Intended duration of stay of at least 12 months
3. Actual and intended duration of stay of at least 12 months
4. Other. Please specify
Nationals
Immigrants
Newly registered population in the ABPRS (with the intention of residence) based on two consecutive ABPRS dated 31 December.
Emigrants
Emigration of registered population in the ABPRS (with the intention of departure) based on two consecutive ABPRS dated 31 December (deregistration).
EEA citizens
Immigrants
At least 90 days registered duration.
Emigrants
At least 90 days registered duration.
Non EEA citizens
Immigrants
At least 90 days registered duration.
Emigrants
At least 90 days registered duration.
11.2.2. Quality assessment of the definition of acquisitions of citizenship according to Art. 3(d) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007
1. Acquisitions of citizenship granted to persons having their usual residence in the territory of the Member State
2.Other. Please specify
Acquisitions of citizenship
X
Quality of data is assured through procedures for data validation, editing, coding and verifying. The procedures are performed following clearly prescribed rules. E-citizenship system serves integrated with The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) and Address Registration System (AKS). Related areas filled automatically in the programme without interfering the user as much as possible. Moreover, there are many controls in relation to incorrect data entry into the programme.
TurkStat aims to increase the quality of statistics by evaluating the compliance of official statistics produced with quality principles and standards based on European Statistics Practice Principles (Code of Practice-CoP). As a result of the quality assessment carried out with QMAT, areas open to improvement are determined and improvement action plans are created. The actions scheduled in the improvement action plan are regularly monitored to ensure continuous improvement in the quality of official statistics.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
There are sections on the website of our institution for users who want to access both general and detailed information. After selecting the topic interested in from the "Subcategories" part of the "Statistics" section and clicking on the "Search" button, "Press Release", "Statistical Tables", "Databases", "Reports" and "Metadata" contents can be reached.
Data at international and regional level can be accessed through the "Regional Statistics", "Provincial Indicators", "International Selected Indicators", and "Turkstat Library" applications in the "E-Services" section.
Data requests which cannot be replied are compiled regularly and data production process are addressed in the light of this information.
If the requested data cannot be accessed from the website; it is possible to make a data request via this website.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Statistics produced by the Turkish Statistical Institute are presented to users through various channels, and a number of studies are carried out to increase service quality and meet user needs. The user satisfaction survey, which is one of these studies, is conducted through the corporate website in order to determine the profile, needs, and expectations of the users. The results of the survey are reported annually. User Satisfaction Survey.
12.3. Completeness
Population statistics: 100%.
Vital statistics: 95%-100%.
For vital statistics:
90% of the obliged tables required to be submitted to Eurostat are met. The completeness rate is at a high level. Also, the completeness and registration rates of vital events within the legal period (which are the sources of vital statistics) are 90% and above. This points to the importance of punctuality.
International migration statistics: 100%.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Overall accuracy and special cases (Inclusion/exclusion of asylum seekers and refugees, persons living on unauthorised or irregular basis, international students, persons who do not register/deregister,...)
Population
In ABPRS, foreign population is calculated according to international de jure concept by considering data derived from administrative registers.
Foreign population covers individuals;
Holding a valid residence/work permit at the reference day,
Holding an identity document equivalent to residence permit (international protection statuses such as secondary protection, refugees and conditional refugees) with a valid address declaration at the reference day,
Who have already renounced his/her T.R. citizenship and who are residing in the country with a valid address declaration at the reference day.
In addition to Syrians under temporary protection, foreigners holding visas or residence permits shorter than 90 days with the purpose of training, tourism, scientific research, etc. are not covered.
The Republic of Türkiye is a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol, maintaining the geographical limitation to the 1951 Convention, thus retaining resettlement to a third country as the most preferred durable solution for refugees arrived due to the events occurred outside of Europe. Therefore, preserving the geographical limitation condition of the agreement Türkiye gives different statuses to the foreigners such as refugee, conditional refugee and subsidiary protection, depending on where they come from, EU or non EU.
Refugees, conditional refugees and persons under subsidiary protection are included in official population statistics. The identity documents issued to these persons substitute for residence permits according to the related Law. However, population and international migration statistics produced by TurkStat are not disaggregated by these population groups.
Türkiye does not grant "temporary protection" status to those coming to Türkiye from Ukraine. If Ukranians are granted international protection (refugees, conditional refugees, persons under subsidiary protection) or residence/work permit, they are included in the official statistics provided that they have a valid address declaration at the reference date.
On the other side, individuals under temporary protection are not covered in official population statistics. With the temporary protection identification document, individuals are granted the right to stay in Türkiye according to the related Law. However, the document is not equivalent to the residence permit or documents which substitute residence permits. Additionally, the document does not grant the right for transition to long term residence permit, its duration is not taken into consideration when calculating the total term of residence permit durations and the document is not enabling its holder to apply for Turkish citizenship.
According to the Official Statistics Programme, statistics on residence permits, refugees, conditional refugees, subsidiary protection, temporary protection and illegal migration are under responsibility of Ministry of Interior (Presidency of Migration Management).
Live births
Birth data are checked with administrative data sources such as Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS), Ministry of Health (MoH) Birth Notification System and Death Notification System (for infant deaths which has not been registered in death records yet) and Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Birth events of foreigners are included in the statistics in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Deaths
Death data are checked with administrative data sources such as Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS), Ministry of Health (MoH) Death Notification System and Birth Notification System (for infant deaths which has not been registered in death records yet) and Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Death events of foreigners are included in the statistics in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Immigrants
Immigration and emigration statistics were calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Emigrants
Immigration and emigration statistics were calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Not available.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not applicable.
Late foetal deaths
Not applicable.
Infant deaths
Infant deaths data are checked with administrative data sources such as Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS), Ministry of Health (MoH) Death Notification System and Birth Notification System (for infant deaths which has not been registered in death records yet) and Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Infant death events of foreigners are included in the statistics in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Marriages
Marriages with foreign person are included. Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) is the main source, bride or groom must be a citizen.
Divorces
Divorces with foreign person are included. Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) is the main source, wife or husband must be a citizen.
For both migration stocks and flows, some foreigners have unknown citizenship. Although it is known that these persons are foreign citizens, their country of citizenship is unknown. Likewise, but much more than the country of citizenship, the data includes nationals and non-nationals with unknown place of birth.
In the births particularly information about foreign mothers taken from Central Civil Registration System and in the marriages and divorces information of the foreign partner taken from Central Civil Registration System are lack. Also, other information of foreign persons added to main birth and main death data are in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
For deaths which covered in the Central Civil Registration System, but not covered in Death Notification System (yet or will never be transferred to the TurkStat) are published as ‘Unknown’, but not ill-defined, in terms of causes of death. The coverage and timeliness of civil registration is more comprehensive than MoH. That’s why there are records (given “unknown”) in the statistics (comes from civil registration) as a deceased person which they cannot be assigned an underlying cause of death since it’s not included in the Death Notification System (MoH).
Population Statistics: Difference between the dissemination date of final results and the reference date (days): 30 days on average
International Migration Statistics: Difference between the dissemination date of final results and the reference date (days): 210 days on average
Marriage and divorce statistics are disseminated within 2 months (t+60).
Birth statistics are disseminated within 5 months (t+135).
Death and Causes of Death statistics are disseminated within 6 months (t+165).
14.2. Punctuality
The pre-announced date and time to the users are complied with. All official statistics under the responsibility of TurkStat are disseminated on the predetermined date and time specified in the National Data Release Calendar.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) is a centralized nationwide system, which provides comparability for the whole country. For statistics produced by the Statistical Regions (SR) classification, there is no comparability problem between geographical regions. Cross-country comparability is also possible.
Comparability processes are performed between geographical areas (only provinces and districts) also for vital statistics. There is no comparability problem between geographical regions for statistics produced according to the Classification of Statistical Regions. Cross-country comparability is also possible.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Comparability - over time
Population
No breaks in the time series, the data are comparable in time. Beginning from the year 2007.
Live births
Beginning from the year 2009, live birth data are given by usual residence of mother as time-series.
Deaths
Beginning from the year 2009, death data are given by usual residence of deceased person as time-series.
Immigrants
No breaks in the time series, the data are comparable in time. Statistics on international migration flows to Türkiye were produced annually starting from 2016.
Emigrants
No breaks in the time series, the data are comparable in time. Statistics on international migration from Türkiye were produced annually starting from 2016.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Not available.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not applicable.
Late foetal deaths
Not applicable.
Infant deaths
Beginning from the year 2009, death data are given by usual residence of infant as time-series.
Marriages
Beginning from the year 2001, marriage data are given by place of event of spouses as time-series.
Divorces
Beginning from the year 2001, divorce data are given by place of event of spouses as time-series.
Surface in km2
Not available.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Population and international migration statistics:
Population and international migration statistics are produced by TurkStat based on Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS). Statistics on residence permits, refugees and asylum seekers are published by Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management. The main differences across these domains are as follows:
Individuals who renounced the Turkish citizenship with the authorization of Turkish Republic (i.e. blue card holders) are not obliged to apply for residence permit or work permit. However, they are accepted as foreigner and included in official foreign population statistics provided that they are residing in the country with a valid address declaration at the reference day.
In Türkiye, work permits substitute for residence permits based on the related law. Thus, individuals holding work permits do not apply for residence permit.
Individuals with international protection status (refugees, conditional refugees, persons under subsidiary protection) are issued a document equivalent to the residence permit. Hence, this group do not apply for residence permit. On the other hand, they are included in official foreign population statistics provided that they are residing in the country with a valid address declaration at the reference day.
Balance analyses and comparisons are carried out through aggregated tables of external data sources such as residence permit and work permit statistics which are produced by other institutions.
Marriage and divorce statistics: Not applicable.
Birth statistics: Performing coherence with Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS), the Ministry of Health Birth Notification System and Death Notification System, and the Central Civil Registration (MERNIS) data.
Death and causes of death statistics: Death statistics are compatible with the Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS), the Ministry of Health Death Notification System and Birth Notification System, and the Central Civil Registration (MERNIS) data.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Population Statistics: Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain. The data is self-consistent.
International Migration Statistics: Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain. The data is self-consistent.
Marriage and Divorce Statistics: Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain.
Birth Statistics: Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain.
Death and Causes of Death Statistics: Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain.
Cost calculation or respondent burden analysis are not available statistically.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Revision Policy For reliable, comparable, compatible and consistent production of the current statistics by ensuring data integration; strategies have been specified in "Directive on Methods and Principles Regarding Revisions on Statistical Data Produced by Turkish Statistical Institute" . In this context, the general framework with regard to which statistics are to be revised, why, how long and how deep.
Current Revision Plan Information about routine/major revisions to be implemented in the current period is crucial for statistics users in the sense of determining the validity of data. In this context, TurkStat has adopted the principle of releasing the routine and/or major revision status of all statistical topics to be published in the beginning of each calendar year.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Population Statistics : Published data are final and not subject to revisions.
International Migration Statistics: Published data are final and not subject to revisions.
Marriage and Divorce Statistics: Marriage and divorce data were revised 1 year retrospectively due to delayed registrations in the administrative records. Detailed information on the revision policy of the data published in the press release can be found at this website.
Birth Statistics: Birth data were revised 5 years retrospectively due to delayed registrations in the administrative records. Information form on revisions for the birth statistics can be accessed at this website.
Death and Causes of Death Statistics: Death data were revised 3 years retrospectively, causes of death and suicide data were revised 1 (one) year retrospectively due to delayed registrations in the administrative records. Detailed information on the revision policy of the data published in the press release can be found at this website.
18.1. Source data
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS):
In order to obtain up-to-date information on population size of localities and monitoring the population movements, ABPRS was established in 2007 by the Turkish Statistical Institute and subsequently transferred to the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC) which is the responsible institution for maintaining and updating the system.
The legal base of ABPSRS is the Population Registration Law No. 5490. In the establishment process of the system, addresses of the Turkish citizens and foreigners residing in Türkiye, of which were identified in the National Address Database (NAD), were obtained and this information were matched, for Turkish citizens, with the registers of the MERNIS database by using the Turkish Republic identification numbers. For foreign citizens, usual residence addresses were matched by using passport numbers.
Annual information on population size and basic characteristics (i.e. age and sex structure, legal marital status, province of civil registration, internal migration, place of birth, foreign population, household size and type) of the population are produced by localities. For foreign citizens, usual residence addresses were matched by using passport numbers.
ABPRS is also used as a base for population projections, life tables and international migration statistics.
ABPRS is a register-based system. The main administrative data sources of the ABPRS are MERNIS and NAD. Both data sources are maintained by the GDCRC.
Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS):
Database that includes population registers in the form of family ledgers. Birth, death, marriage and divorce events, citizenship and other vital events are registered by local population directorates of the GDCRC. Population registers are kept in the form of family ledgers which are arranged according to the father for each family.
National Address Database (NAD):
Database that covers all addresses and their components within the country.
Numbering study, which was the source for the NAD, was carried out by municipalities in localities having municipal organizations, and by special provincial administrations in villages. Later on, by entering address information to the system via a web-based program developed by the TurkStat, NAD was established and transferred to the GDCRC.
In accordance with the relevant legislation, in case of change in the usual residence address, individuals are obliged to declare their new address to the local population directorates of the GDCRC within 20 working days. Municipalities are obliged to enter the newly formed addresses into the system regularly, and to issue construction and occupancy permits through this system by using the database. Administrative attachment, name and legal entity changes of provinces, districts, municipalities, villages and quarters (including the sub-localities of villages) are reflected to the NAD by the GDCRC. In the NAD, name and/or number of square, avenue, main street, street, building and dwelling (dwelling unit, office, etc.) are updated by municipalities and special provincial administrations.
Other data sources: • Administrative registers on institutional population obtained from institutions and organizations. • Administrative registers on foreign population obtained from the Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management and Ministry of Labor and Social Security Directorate General of International Labor Force.
List of data sources
Population
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Live births
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS), Ministry of Health Birth Notification System and Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Deaths
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS), Ministry of Health Death Notification System, suicide data sent by related institutions and Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Immigrants
The main data sources are ABPRS, records of Turkish Republic citizens living abroad, residence permits, work permits,Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) records dated 31 December, and birth/death records.
Emigrants
The main data sources are ABPRS, records of Turkish Republic citizens living abroad, residence permits, work permits, Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) records dated 31 December, and birth/death records.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Administrative Registers – E-Citizenship System.
Loss of citizenship
Administrative Registers – E-Citizenship System.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Not available.
Infant deaths
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) and Ministry of Health Death Notification System.
Marriages
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Divorces
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Surface in km2
Data source for surface area calculations is 1/1 000 000 scaled map provided from the General Command of Mapping.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Population and International Migration Statistics: annually.
Vital Statistics: annually.
18.3. Data collection
National Address Database (NAD): It covers all addresses within the boundaries of the country. Numbering studies, which were the source for the NAD, were carried out by municipalities in localities having municipal organizations, and by special provincial administrations in villages. After infrastructural studies of the NAD were implemented by the TurkStat, the database was established in 2006.
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS): ABPRS was established in 2007 by the Turkish Statistical Institute and subsequently transferred to the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC), which is responsible for maintaining and updating the system.
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS):It is a database within the Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship (GDCRC) which includes population registers in the form of family ledgers. Birth, death, marriage and divorce events, citizenship and other vital events are registered by local population directorates of the GDCRC. Population registers are kept in the form of family ledgers which is arranged according to the father for each family.
Causes of death data: Death certificate is filled out by the physicians in the hospitals, family health centers, institutions of municipal medicine, institutions of forensic medicine and other health institutions via Death Notification System (DNS). Coding the diseases at the sections for the determination of causes of death are done according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and underlining causes of death are determined in TurkStat Regional Offices.
Residence/work permits: In terms of international migration, records of residence permits are kept by Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management and records of work permits are kept by Directorate General of International Labour Force.
Records of foreigners and Turkish Republic citizens living abroad: Records of foreigners and Turkish Republic citizens living abroad are kept and maintained by GDCRC. These records are transferred to Turkstat simultaneously.
All of administrative registers mentioned above are obtained via web services or electronically from the data holders as of the reference date.
18.4. Data validation
Population Statistics : Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain. Time series analysis are conducted by tables.
At the administrative division level, population sizes are compared with previous year figures. Basic indicators such as population growth rate, age and sex distribution, and changes in birth and death numbers are checked. The distribution of the institutional population and the effect of changes in the foreign population size on the total population are analyzed in detail. In addition to the analyses related to the household structure, the compatibility with the administrative division on the reference date is checked. Besides, cross validations, comparisons and aggregated data checks were conducted by using external data.
International Migration Statistics :Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain. Time series analysis are conducted by tables.
At the administrative division level, migration sizes and characteristics are compared with previous year figures. The effect of changes in the international migration on the total population are analyzed in detail. Besides, cross validations, comparisons and aggregated data checks were conducted by using external data.
Marriage and Divorce Statistics: Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain. Time series analysis are conducted by tables.
Birth Statistics: Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain. Time series analysis are conducted by tables.
Death and Causes of Death Statistics: Cross validations are carried out to check consistency among the different tables for each domain. Time series analysis are conducted by tables.
For vital statistics: The consistency of the forecasts produced with the values of the previous period and statistics produced from other data sources for the current period is checked.
18.5. Data compilation
Population Statistics:
It is calculated by taking into account the population registered in the ABPRS updated by the GDCRC, the population residing in institutional places and the foreign population residing in the country.
Institutional population: Information on institutional population in the ABPRS is obtained from the administrative registers of all institutions/organizations that host institutional population (Ministry of National Defense, Directorate General of Prisons and Detention Houses, Directorate General of Security, Higher Education Student Loans and Dormitories Institution, Directorate General of Services for the Elderly and Disabled, Directorate General of Child Services, University Rectorates). Administrative registers obtained from the institutions are analyzed with those obtained in previous years by locality and population size. Final institutional population are obtained for each locality after these analyses.
According to the international definition, those residing in institutional places are included in the population of the place where the institutional places are located, not in the population of the place where their residence address is located.
Foreign population: Persons who have a valid residence/work permit for at least 90 days on the reference date, obtained from the Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management, Ministry of Labor and Social Security Directorate General of International Labor Force and Ministry of Culture and Tourism Administration for Turks Living Abroad and Related Communities, are added to the foreign population already registered in the ABPRS on the reference date.
International Migration Statistics:
Immigration covers Turkish Citizens and foreign nationals who were registered in the reference year ABPRS but not registered in the previous year. Emigration covers Turkish citizens and foreign nationals who were not registered in the reference year ABPRS but registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations.
Immigration and emigration statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS. The main data sources are the ABPRS, NAD, records of foreign nationals, records of Turkish citizens residing abroad, residence permits, work permits, Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) records dated 31 December, and birth/death records.
Statistics on annual migration flows to/from Türkiye were produced for the first time for the years of 2016 and 2017 in 2018 by the analysis of the administrative records of Turkish citizens and foreign nationals. In the following years, the results as of the December 31st of the reference year have been announced to the public in the second half of the following year with a press release. Annual migration flow statistics are shared by sex, age groups, country of citizenship, country of birth and 81 provinces.
Vital Statistics
From 2009 onwards, information related to vital events (births, deaths, marriages, divorces) in Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) database are derived and statistically processed, edited, analysed and prepared for dissemination. The additional data sources are explained below:
Birth Notification System: It is the system where all women who give birth within the borders of the Republic of Türkiye by receiving service from the Ministry of Health are recorded. It is used to add to the birth data of babies who are not included in the MERNIS records due to being foreign nationals and to control the multiple births of Turkish citizens.
Death Notification System: It is the system where all death events of persons within the borders of the Republic of Türkiye by receiving service from the Ministry of Health are recorded. It is used to add to the death and cause of death data of deceased persons who are not included in the MERNIS records due to being foreign nationals.
Cause of Death Data: It is the data explaining the death events of Turkish citizens or foreign nationals (with residence permit or work permit) residing in Türkiye taken from Death Notification System. It is used to add the birth and death data of babies who die without being recorded after the live birth event and death and cause of death data of deceased persons which are not included in MERNİS.
Foreign population (For vital events of): Persons who have a valid residence/work permit for at least 90 days on the reference date, obtained from the Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management, Ministry of Labor and Social Security Directorate General of International Labor Force and Ministry of Culture and Tourism Administration for Turks Living Abroad and Related Communities, are added to the foreign population already registered in the ABPRS on the reference date. In this context, births and deaths of this population is also included by deriving and checking (validity at the time of event) from ABPRS.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
Not available.
Data and metadata are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States in the framework of the Unified Demographic Data Collection which is in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 and their implementing regulations.
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS): Based on the Civil Registration Services Law No. 5490, ABPRS was established by matching the residence addresses of Turkish Republic (TR) citizens identifed in the National Address Database (NAD) with the population registers in the Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) database using the TR identification numbers. In addition, foreign population residing in Türkiye is included in the ABPRS with their residence addresses. In accordance with the relevant law, ABPRS was transferred to the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC) affiliated to the Ministry of Interior, and the system (persons/addresses) is updated by the GDCRC.
National Address Database (NAD): Database that covers all addresses and their components within the country.
Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS): Database that includes population registers in the form of family ledgers. It is maintained by the GDCRC affiliated to the Ministry of Interior.
Death Statistics: The death statistics which have been compiled through Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) Death Statistics Form between 1957-2008 and from the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship (GDCRC), Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) and Ministry of Health (MoH), Death Notification System (DNS) causes of death data and suicide data sent by related institutions from 2009 onwards include information on age, age group, sex, month of death, legal marital status, educational level and country of birth of deceased person, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, under five mortality rate, daily and monthly infant deaths, infant deaths by educational level of mother and father, underlying cause of death, cause of suicide, crude suicide rate etc.
Birth Statistics: Using The Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs, the Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS), Ministry of Health Birth Registration System and TurkStat causes of death data; it compiles data on crude birth rate, general fertility rate, total fertility rate, age-specific fertility rate, sex and birth month of newborn, multiple birth, birth order, age group of the mother, legal marital status, country of birth, educational level, duration of marriage, nationality of the mother, age group and nationality of the father, and helps determine the situation at national and local levels, identify problems, make predictions about the future and make effective plans.
Marriage Statistics: The data are obtained from database of the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC), Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS). Variables compiled: Month of marriage, crude marriage rate, average age at marriage, mean age at first marriage, age difference of spouses, previous marital status of spouses, citizenship, country of birth and level of education.
Divorce Statistics: Variables: The data are obtained from database of the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC), Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS). Variables compiled: Crude divorce rate, age group, age difference of spouses, cause of divorce, duration of divorce case, duration of marriage, number of children given to parent's guardianship, citizenship, country of birth and level of education.
14 February 2025
3.4.1 Statistical concepts and definitions used in the statistics transmitted to Eurostat
1.Usually Resident Population
2. Legal Residence Population
3. Registered Residence Population
4. Other
Population
X
Live births
X
Deaths
X
Immigrants
X
Emigrants
X
Acquisitions of citizenship
X
Loss of citizenship
X
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Not available.
Infant deaths
X
Marriages
X
Divorces
X
3.4.2 Statistical concepts and definitions used in the statistics disseminated in the National Statistical Institute's website
Population
In the ABPRS, Turkish Republic (TR) citizens and foreign population residing within the boundaries of the country are covered.
Foreign population covers individuals;
holding a valid residence/work permit at the reference day,
having a valid address declaration at the reference day while holding an identity document equivalent to residence permit such as international protection identity document,
having already renounced his/her TR citizenship while having a valid address declaration at the reference day.
In addition to Syrians under temporary protection, foreigners holding visas or residence permits shorter than 90 days with the purpose of training, tourism, scientific research, etc. are not covered.
Live births
Regardless of the duration of pregnancy, the births where the child lives at least a few minutes and shows evidence of life like crying, breathing or moving.
Deaths
Death is the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after live birth has taken place.
Immigrants
Immigration refers to the number of people who migrated to Türkiye from abroad within a year for the purpose of residing.
Immigration covers Turkish Citizens and foreign nationals who were registered in the present year's ABPRS but not registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations. Migration flow statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Emigrants
Emigration refers to the number of people who migrated from Türkiye to abroad within a year for the purpose of residing.
Emigration covers Turkish citizens and foreign nationals who were not registered in the present year's ABPRS but registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations. Migration flow statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Data regarding to naturalization are within the context of Article No. 11, 12, 16, 17 and 20 of Turkish Nationality Law No. 5901.
Loss of citizenship
Data regarding to deprivation of citizenship is also within the context of Article No. 25 of Turkish Nationality Law No. 5901.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Not available.
Infant deaths
Infant death includes deaths occurring in one year after live birth has taken place. In other words, infant deaths are those which occur before completing one year of age.
Marriages
In accordance with the Turkish Civil Code, marriage is a contract made between a man and a woman to live together, sanctioned by a legal authority.
Divorces
A final legal dissolution of a marriage, that is, the separation of husband and wife by a judicial decree, which confers on the parties the right to civil remarriage.
3.4.3 Differences in statistical concepts and definitions between the statistics transmitted to Eurostat and those disseminated in the National Statistics Institute's website
Population
Not applicable.
Live births
Not applicable.
Deaths
Not applicable.
Immigrants
Not applicable.
Emigrants
Not applicable.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Not applicable.
Loss of citizenship
Not applicable.
Legally induced abortions
Not applicable.
Late foetal deaths
Not applicable.
Infant deaths
Not applicable.
Marriages
Not applicable.
Divorces
Not applicable.
Population: Number of persons
Death Statistics: Deceased person (Death event)
Birth Statistics: Infants born as live births
Marriage Statistics: Individuals aged 16 and over who have engaged in marriage
Divorce Statistics: Individuals who got divorce event
Statistical population
Population
In the ABPRS, Turkish Republic (TR) citizens and foreign population residing within the boundaries of the country are covered.
Foreign population covers individuals;
holding a valid residence/work permit at the reference day,
having a valid address declaration at the reference day while holding an identity document equivalent to residence permit such as international protection identity document,
having already renounced his/her TR citizenship while having a valid address declaration at the reference day.
In addition to Syrians under temporary protection, foreigners holding visas or residence permits shorter than 90 days with the purpose of training, tourism, scientific research, etc. are not covered.
Live births
These are children born in the reference year who reside in Türkiye in the month of birth; at least one of whose mother and father is a Turkish citizen or both of them are foreign mothers and fathers who have a residence or work permit in Türkiye.
Deaths
Persons who died while residing in Türkiye in the reference year.
Immigrants
Immigration refers to the number of people who migrated to Türkiye from abroad within a year for the purpose of residing. Immigration covers Turkish Citizens and foreign nationals who were registered in the present year's ABPRS but not registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations. Migration flow statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Emigrants
Emigration refers to the number of people who migrated from Türkiye to abroad within a year for the purpose of residing. Emigration covers Turkish citizens and foreign nationals who were not registered in the present year's ABPRS but registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations. Migration flow statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Data regarding to naturalization are within the context of Article No. 11, 12, 16, 17 and 20 of Turkish Nationality Law No. 5901.
Loss of citizenship
Data regarding to deprivation of citizenship is also within the context of Article No. 25 of Turkish Nationality Law No. 5901.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Not available.
Infant deaths
Infants who died before completing one year of age while residing in Türkiye in the reference year.
Marriages
Individuals aged 16 and over who reside in Türkiye and got married within the reference year.
Divorces
People who reside in Türkiye and are divorced within the reference year.
Dissemination level: Data produced from the ABPRS and other administrative registers are disseminated once a year for whole country and at the SR 1, 2 and 3 (province) and district levels in accordance with the national administrative units (provinces, districts, municipalities, villages and quarters) defined in the NAD.
Population of localities are determined according to the administrative attachment, legal entity and name changes recorded in the NAD by the GDCRC and the procedures (formation of addresses, changes in address components, etc.) carried out on the NAD by the authorized administrations (municipalities and special provincial administrations for villages) as of December 31 in accordance with the related regulations and administrative registers.
Death Statistics: The whole Türkiye and data are published by Statistical Regions since 2009. Also, the death data are available for the province and districts according to the usual residence of deceased person.
Birth Statistics: The whole Türkiye and data are published by Statistical Regions since 2009. Also, the data are available for the province and districts according to the usual residence of mother.
Marriage Statistics: The whole Türkiye and data are published by Statistical Regions since 2001. Data is available by "place of event". Also, the data are available for the province and districts according to place of event.
Divorce Statistics: The whole Türkiye and data are published by Statistical Regions since 2001. Data is available by "place of event". Also, the data are available for the province and districts according to the usual residence of male.
The reference date for population data is the December 31st of the year preceding the date of announcement.
The reference period for vital events data is the calendar year (between January 1 and December 31) in which the events occurred. The data within the reference year (between January 1 and December 31) are covered, and in order to capture the scope, death data were revised 3 years, birth data were revised 5 years, marriage and divorce data are revised 1 year retrospectively due to delayed registrations to the administrative records and registers added later for the revised years are also included in the publication period.
The reference period for international migration statistics is the December 31st of two consecutive years preceding the date of announcement.
Overall accuracy and special cases (Inclusion/exclusion of asylum seekers and refugees, persons living on unauthorised or irregular basis, international students, persons who do not register/deregister,...)
Population
In ABPRS, foreign population is calculated according to international de jure concept by considering data derived from administrative registers.
Foreign population covers individuals;
Holding a valid residence/work permit at the reference day,
Holding an identity document equivalent to residence permit (international protection statuses such as secondary protection, refugees and conditional refugees) with a valid address declaration at the reference day,
Who have already renounced his/her T.R. citizenship and who are residing in the country with a valid address declaration at the reference day.
In addition to Syrians under temporary protection, foreigners holding visas or residence permits shorter than 90 days with the purpose of training, tourism, scientific research, etc. are not covered.
The Republic of Türkiye is a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol, maintaining the geographical limitation to the 1951 Convention, thus retaining resettlement to a third country as the most preferred durable solution for refugees arrived due to the events occurred outside of Europe. Therefore, preserving the geographical limitation condition of the agreement Türkiye gives different statuses to the foreigners such as refugee, conditional refugee and subsidiary protection, depending on where they come from, EU or non EU.
Refugees, conditional refugees and persons under subsidiary protection are included in official population statistics. The identity documents issued to these persons substitute for residence permits according to the related Law. However, population and international migration statistics produced by TurkStat are not disaggregated by these population groups.
Türkiye does not grant "temporary protection" status to those coming to Türkiye from Ukraine. If Ukranians are granted international protection (refugees, conditional refugees, persons under subsidiary protection) or residence/work permit, they are included in the official statistics provided that they have a valid address declaration at the reference date.
On the other side, individuals under temporary protection are not covered in official population statistics. With the temporary protection identification document, individuals are granted the right to stay in Türkiye according to the related Law. However, the document is not equivalent to the residence permit or documents which substitute residence permits. Additionally, the document does not grant the right for transition to long term residence permit, its duration is not taken into consideration when calculating the total term of residence permit durations and the document is not enabling its holder to apply for Turkish citizenship.
According to the Official Statistics Programme, statistics on residence permits, refugees, conditional refugees, subsidiary protection, temporary protection and illegal migration are under responsibility of Ministry of Interior (Presidency of Migration Management).
Live births
Birth data are checked with administrative data sources such as Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS), Ministry of Health (MoH) Birth Notification System and Death Notification System (for infant deaths which has not been registered in death records yet) and Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Birth events of foreigners are included in the statistics in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Deaths
Death data are checked with administrative data sources such as Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS), Ministry of Health (MoH) Death Notification System and Birth Notification System (for infant deaths which has not been registered in death records yet) and Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Death events of foreigners are included in the statistics in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Immigrants
Immigration and emigration statistics were calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Emigrants
Immigration and emigration statistics were calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Not available.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not applicable.
Late foetal deaths
Not applicable.
Infant deaths
Infant deaths data are checked with administrative data sources such as Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS), Ministry of Health (MoH) Death Notification System and Birth Notification System (for infant deaths which has not been registered in death records yet) and Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Infant death events of foreigners are included in the statistics in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Marriages
Marriages with foreign person are included. Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) is the main source, bride or groom must be a citizen.
Divorces
Divorces with foreign person are included. Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) is the main source, wife or husband must be a citizen.
For both migration stocks and flows, some foreigners have unknown citizenship. Although it is known that these persons are foreign citizens, their country of citizenship is unknown. Likewise, but much more than the country of citizenship, the data includes nationals and non-nationals with unknown place of birth.
In the births particularly information about foreign mothers taken from Central Civil Registration System and in the marriages and divorces information of the foreign partner taken from Central Civil Registration System are lack. Also, other information of foreign persons added to main birth and main death data are in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS.
For deaths which covered in the Central Civil Registration System, but not covered in Death Notification System (yet or will never be transferred to the TurkStat) are published as ‘Unknown’, but not ill-defined, in terms of causes of death. The coverage and timeliness of civil registration is more comprehensive than MoH. That’s why there are records (given “unknown”) in the statistics (comes from civil registration) as a deceased person which they cannot be assigned an underlying cause of death since it’s not included in the Death Notification System (MoH).
Data is collected at individual level.
While the unit of measurement for all variables related to population size and characteristics is "person", the unit of measurement for all variables related to household characteristics is "household".
Vital Statistics;
Number of deaths: Person
Crude death rate: Per thousand
Infant mortality rate: Per thousand
Under five mortality rate: Per thousand
Births: Number of babies born alive
Crude birth rate: The number of live births per thousand population in a given year.
General fertility rate: The number of live births per thousand females in 15-44 age group in a given year.
Age specific fertility rate: The average number of live births per thousand women in certain age group.
Adolescent fertility rate: The average number of live births per thousand women in 15-19 age group.
Total fertility rate: The average number of live births that a woman would have under the assumption that she survived to the end of her reproductive life which is 15-49 age group and bore according to a given age specific fertility rate.
The unit of measure for the crude marriage and divorce rates are the number of events per 1000 population.
The unit of measure for the mean age at marriage, at birth, at first marriage and at first birth is the mean age of person at the time of event.
Population Statistics:
It is calculated by taking into account the population registered in the ABPRS updated by the GDCRC, the population residing in institutional places and the foreign population residing in the country.
Institutional population: Information on institutional population in the ABPRS is obtained from the administrative registers of all institutions/organizations that host institutional population (Ministry of National Defense, Directorate General of Prisons and Detention Houses, Directorate General of Security, Higher Education Student Loans and Dormitories Institution, Directorate General of Services for the Elderly and Disabled, Directorate General of Child Services, University Rectorates). Administrative registers obtained from the institutions are analyzed with those obtained in previous years by locality and population size. Final institutional population are obtained for each locality after these analyses.
According to the international definition, those residing in institutional places are included in the population of the place where the institutional places are located, not in the population of the place where their residence address is located.
Foreign population: Persons who have a valid residence/work permit for at least 90 days on the reference date, obtained from the Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management, Ministry of Labor and Social Security Directorate General of International Labor Force and Ministry of Culture and Tourism Administration for Turks Living Abroad and Related Communities, are added to the foreign population already registered in the ABPRS on the reference date.
International Migration Statistics:
Immigration covers Turkish Citizens and foreign nationals who were registered in the reference year ABPRS but not registered in the previous year. Emigration covers Turkish citizens and foreign nationals who were not registered in the reference year ABPRS but registered in the previous year.
In addition to births occurred inside the country and deaths in the reference period, cases such as late registration of births and deaths in the previous years, naturalization processes, changes in the legal status of migrants, delays in address declaration inside the country or abroad, residence and work permit application processes and compulsory military service abroad are excluded from the migration calculations.
Immigration and emigration statistics are calculated in line with the criteria used for determination of foreign population in the ABPRS. The main data sources are the ABPRS, NAD, records of foreign nationals, records of Turkish citizens residing abroad, residence permits, work permits, Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) records dated 31 December, and birth/death records.
Statistics on annual migration flows to/from Türkiye were produced for the first time for the years of 2016 and 2017 in 2018 by the analysis of the administrative records of Turkish citizens and foreign nationals. In the following years, the results as of the December 31st of the reference year have been announced to the public in the second half of the following year with a press release. Annual migration flow statistics are shared by sex, age groups, country of citizenship, country of birth and 81 provinces.
Vital Statistics
From 2009 onwards, information related to vital events (births, deaths, marriages, divorces) in Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) database are derived and statistically processed, edited, analysed and prepared for dissemination. The additional data sources are explained below:
Birth Notification System: It is the system where all women who give birth within the borders of the Republic of Türkiye by receiving service from the Ministry of Health are recorded. It is used to add to the birth data of babies who are not included in the MERNIS records due to being foreign nationals and to control the multiple births of Turkish citizens.
Death Notification System: It is the system where all death events of persons within the borders of the Republic of Türkiye by receiving service from the Ministry of Health are recorded. It is used to add to the death and cause of death data of deceased persons who are not included in the MERNIS records due to being foreign nationals.
Cause of Death Data: It is the data explaining the death events of Turkish citizens or foreign nationals (with residence permit or work permit) residing in Türkiye taken from Death Notification System. It is used to add the birth and death data of babies who die without being recorded after the live birth event and death and cause of death data of deceased persons which are not included in MERNİS.
Foreign population (For vital events of): Persons who have a valid residence/work permit for at least 90 days on the reference date, obtained from the Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management, Ministry of Labor and Social Security Directorate General of International Labor Force and Ministry of Culture and Tourism Administration for Turks Living Abroad and Related Communities, are added to the foreign population already registered in the ABPRS on the reference date. In this context, births and deaths of this population is also included by deriving and checking (validity at the time of event) from ABPRS.
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS):
In order to obtain up-to-date information on population size of localities and monitoring the population movements, ABPRS was established in 2007 by the Turkish Statistical Institute and subsequently transferred to the General Directorate of Civil Registration and Citizenship Affairs (GDCRC) which is the responsible institution for maintaining and updating the system.
The legal base of ABPSRS is the Population Registration Law No. 5490. In the establishment process of the system, addresses of the Turkish citizens and foreigners residing in Türkiye, of which were identified in the National Address Database (NAD), were obtained and this information were matched, for Turkish citizens, with the registers of the MERNIS database by using the Turkish Republic identification numbers. For foreign citizens, usual residence addresses were matched by using passport numbers.
Annual information on population size and basic characteristics (i.e. age and sex structure, legal marital status, province of civil registration, internal migration, place of birth, foreign population, household size and type) of the population are produced by localities. For foreign citizens, usual residence addresses were matched by using passport numbers.
ABPRS is also used as a base for population projections, life tables and international migration statistics.
ABPRS is a register-based system. The main administrative data sources of the ABPRS are MERNIS and NAD. Both data sources are maintained by the GDCRC.
Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS):
Database that includes population registers in the form of family ledgers. Birth, death, marriage and divorce events, citizenship and other vital events are registered by local population directorates of the GDCRC. Population registers are kept in the form of family ledgers which are arranged according to the father for each family.
National Address Database (NAD):
Database that covers all addresses and their components within the country.
Numbering study, which was the source for the NAD, was carried out by municipalities in localities having municipal organizations, and by special provincial administrations in villages. Later on, by entering address information to the system via a web-based program developed by the TurkStat, NAD was established and transferred to the GDCRC.
In accordance with the relevant legislation, in case of change in the usual residence address, individuals are obliged to declare their new address to the local population directorates of the GDCRC within 20 working days. Municipalities are obliged to enter the newly formed addresses into the system regularly, and to issue construction and occupancy permits through this system by using the database. Administrative attachment, name and legal entity changes of provinces, districts, municipalities, villages and quarters (including the sub-localities of villages) are reflected to the NAD by the GDCRC. In the NAD, name and/or number of square, avenue, main street, street, building and dwelling (dwelling unit, office, etc.) are updated by municipalities and special provincial administrations.
Other data sources: • Administrative registers on institutional population obtained from institutions and organizations. • Administrative registers on foreign population obtained from the Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration Management and Ministry of Labor and Social Security Directorate General of International Labor Force.
List of data sources
Population
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Live births
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS), Ministry of Health Birth Notification System and Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Deaths
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS), Ministry of Health Death Notification System, suicide data sent by related institutions and Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS).
Immigrants
The main data sources are ABPRS, records of Turkish Republic citizens living abroad, residence permits, work permits,Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) records dated 31 December, and birth/death records.
Emigrants
The main data sources are ABPRS, records of Turkish Republic citizens living abroad, residence permits, work permits, Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) records dated 31 December, and birth/death records.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Administrative Registers – E-Citizenship System.
Loss of citizenship
Administrative Registers – E-Citizenship System.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Not available.
Infant deaths
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS) and Ministry of Health Death Notification System.
Marriages
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Divorces
The Central Civil Registration System (MERNIS).
Surface in km2
Data source for surface area calculations is 1/1 000 000 scaled map provided from the General Command of Mapping.
Annually.
Population Statistics: Difference between the dissemination date of final results and the reference date (days): 30 days on average
International Migration Statistics: Difference between the dissemination date of final results and the reference date (days): 210 days on average
Marriage and divorce statistics are disseminated within 2 months (t+60).
Birth statistics are disseminated within 5 months (t+135).
Death and Causes of Death statistics are disseminated within 6 months (t+165).
Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) is a centralized nationwide system, which provides comparability for the whole country. For statistics produced by the Statistical Regions (SR) classification, there is no comparability problem between geographical regions. Cross-country comparability is also possible.
Comparability processes are performed between geographical areas (only provinces and districts) also for vital statistics. There is no comparability problem between geographical regions for statistics produced according to the Classification of Statistical Regions. Cross-country comparability is also possible.
Comparability - over time
Population
No breaks in the time series, the data are comparable in time. Beginning from the year 2007.
Live births
Beginning from the year 2009, live birth data are given by usual residence of mother as time-series.
Deaths
Beginning from the year 2009, death data are given by usual residence of deceased person as time-series.
Immigrants
No breaks in the time series, the data are comparable in time. Statistics on international migration flows to Türkiye were produced annually starting from 2016.
Emigrants
No breaks in the time series, the data are comparable in time. Statistics on international migration from Türkiye were produced annually starting from 2016.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Not available.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not applicable.
Late foetal deaths
Not applicable.
Infant deaths
Beginning from the year 2009, death data are given by usual residence of infant as time-series.
Marriages
Beginning from the year 2001, marriage data are given by place of event of spouses as time-series.
Divorces
Beginning from the year 2001, divorce data are given by place of event of spouses as time-series.
