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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Istituto nazionale di statistica (ISTAT) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Dipartimento per i censimenti e gli archivi amministrativi e statistici (DICA) |
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1.5. Contact mail address | via Oceano Pacifico 171, 00142 Roma, Italia |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 01/04/2014 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 01/04/2014 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 01/04/2014 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
Not available. |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
ISCO-08, NACE Rev. 2, etc. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
3.4.1. Statistical concepts and definitions - Usual residence Usual residence means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage. Male/Female 3.4.3. Statistical concepts and definitions - AgeThe age reached at the reference date (in completed years). 3.4.4. Statistical concepts and definitions - Marital statusMarital status is the (legal) conjugal status of an individual in relation to the marriage laws of the country (de jure status). In Italy the legal basis is included in the Italian Constitution (paragraph 29) and in the civil code (Libro I Titolo VI, par. 82 et seq.) The legal basis establishes: - Opposite sex marriage - The minimum age for marriages (16 years) - The possibility to divorce or legally separate Same-sex marriages and opposite-sex and same sex-registered partnerships are not allowed. 3.4.5. Statistical concepts and definitions - Family statusThe family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children. Private households may be defined according to the 'housekeeping concept' , or, if this is not possible, Member States may apply the 'household-dwelling' concept. Italy applied the ‘housekeeping’ concept to identify private households. The relationships between household members are identified by relation to reference person. 3.4.7. Statistical concepts and definitions - Current activity statusCurrent activity status' is the current relationship of a person to economic activity, based on a reference period of one week, which may be either a specified, recent, fixed, calendar week, or the last complete calendar week, or the last seven days prior to enumeration. Occupation' refers to the type of work done in a job (that is the main tasks and duties of the work). Persons doing more than one job are allocated an occupation based on their main job, which is identified according to the time spent on the job or, if not available, to the income received. Industry (branch of economic activity) is the kind of production or activity of the establishment (or similar unit) in which the job of a currently economically active person is located. In order to ensure consistency with the 2001 census data, 'external workers' were counted under 'employees'. In the case of specific European directives, external workers can be aggregated with other categories. An 'employee' is a person who works in a 'paid employment' job, that is a job where the explicit or implicit contract of employment gives the incumbent a basic remuneration, which is independent of the revenue of the unit for which he/she works. The location of the place of work is the geographical area in which a currently employed person does his/her job. 'Educational attainment' refers to the highest level successfully completed in the educational system of the country where the education was received. All education which is relevant to the completion of a level is taken into account even if this was provided outside schools and universities. A locality is defined as a distinct population cluster, that is an area defined by population living in neighbouring or contiguous buildings. Such buildings may either: Place of birth is defined as the place of usual residence of the mother at the time of the birth, or, if not available, as the place in which the birth took place. Citizenship is defined as the particular legal bond between an individual and his/her State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by declaration, option, marriage or other means according to the national legislation. The year of arrival is the calendar year in which a person most recently established usual residence in the country. The data for 2011 refer to the time span between 1 January 2011 and the reference date. 3.4.17. Statistical concepts and definitions - Residence one year beforeThis indicates the relationship between the current place of usual residence and the place of usual residence one year prior to the census. Children under one year of age are classified under 'Not applicable'. The topic 'Housing arrangements' covers the whole population and refers to the type of housing in which a person usually resides at the time of the census. This covers all persons who are usual residents in different types of living quarters, or who do not have a usual residence and stay temporarily in some type of living quarters, or who are roofless, sleeping rough or in emergency shelters, when the census is taken. The family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children. The family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children. Private households may be defined according to the 'housekeeping concept' , or, if this is not possible, Member States may apply the 'household-dwelling' concept. Private households may be defined according to the 'housekeeping concept' , or, if this is not possible, Member States may apply the 'household-dwelling' concept. The topic 'Tenure status of households' refers to the arrangements under which a private household occupies all or part of a housing unit. 'Conventional dwellings' are structurally separate and independent premises at fixed locations which are designed for permanent human habitation and are, at the reference date, either used as a residence, or vacant, or reserved for seasonal or secondary use. 'Occupied conventional dwellings' are conventional dwellings which are the usual residence of one or more persons at the time of the census. 'Unoccupied conventional dwellings' are conventional dwellings which are not the usual residence of any person at the time of the census. The topic 'Type of ownership' refers to the ownership of the dwelling and not to that of the land on which the dwelling stands. The number of occupants of a housing unit is the number of people for whom the housing unit is the usual residence. 3.4.28. Statistical concepts and definitions - Useful floor spaceUseful floor space is defined as the floor space measured inside the outer walls excluding non-habitable cellars and attics and, in multi-dwelling buildings, all common spaces; or the total floor space of rooms falling under the concept of 'room'. A 'room' is defined as a space in a housing unit enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the ceiling or roof, of a size large enough to hold a bed for an adult (4 square metres at least) and at least 2 metres high over the major area of the ceiling. 3.4.30. Statistical concepts and definitions - Density standard (floor space)The topic ‘Density standard’ relates the useful floor space in square metres or the number of rooms to the number of occupants, as specified under the topic 'Number of occupants'. The topic ‘Density standard’ relates the useful floor space in square metres or the number of rooms to the number of occupants, as specified under the topic 'Number of occupants'. Information on water supply system was collected in full compliance with Reg. (EC) 1201/2009. Private households were asked if they have a water supply system, if their drinking water comes not from public water utilities or a well but from an indirect source such as a cistern that is refilled periodically, and if the only water available inside the dwelling is not fit to drink. Availability of hot water (for sanitary purposes in the bathroom and/or kitchen: sanitary hot water) refers only to water that is heated by a permanent system, not on the stovetop or with other systems. Hot water supply systems are distinguished between those exclusively run by the dwelling’s heating system, those run by a separate system such as a gas- or electric-powered water boiler, and those run entirely or partly by solar panels. 3.4.33. Statistical concepts and definitions - Toilet facilitiesInformation on toilet facilities was collected in full compliance with the Reg. (EC) 1201/2009. Toilets refer to fixtures that are permanently connected to a water supply with drainage for waste water, and that are located inside the dwelling or in rooms with independent access. 3.4.34. Statistical concepts and definitions - Bathing facilitiesA bathing facility is any facility designed to wash the whole body and includes shower facilities. 3.4.35. Statistical concepts and definitions - Type of heating"Not stated" category comprises all occupied conventional dwellings with "no heating at all" A housing unit is considered as centrally heated if heating is provided either from a community heating centre or from an installation built in the building or in the housing unit, established for heating purposes, without regard to the source of energy. 3.4.36. Statistical concepts and definitions - Type of buildingThe topic 'Dwellings by type of building' refers to the number of dwellings in the building in which the dwelling is placed. 3.4.37. Statistical concepts and definitions - Period of constructionThe period of construction has only been surveyed for dwellings in residential buildings. The topic 'Dwellings by period of construction' refers to the year when the building in which the dwelling is placed was completed. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
The EU programme for the 2011 population and housing censuses include data on persons, private households, family nuclei, conventional dwellings and living quarters |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
Persons enumerated in the 2011 census are those who were usually resident in the territory of the reporting country at the census reference date. Usual residence means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
Data are available at different levels of geographical detail: national, NUTS2, NUTS3 and local administrative units (LAU2) |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Data refer to the situation in the reporting country at the census reference date (see item 5) |
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3.9. Base period | |||
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Counts of statistical units |
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09/10/2011 |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
At national level, Article 50(2) of Legislative Decree No 78/2010, converted with amendments into Law No 122/2010, launched and funded the 2011 General Censuses and established that ISTAT should organise census operations by means of the General Census Plan (PGC, Decision of the President of ISTAT No 6 of 18 February 2011). The PGC sets the guidelines for the planning, organisation and execution of operations relating to the 15th General Population and Housing Census. Relevant circulars were issued to regulate specific operational aspects. |
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6.1.1. Bodies responsible | |||
At national level: ISTAT and the Statistical Office of the Ministry of the Interior. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Standard text on data ownership by Eurostat |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
The legislation in force guarantees the protection of personal data both in the statistical field and for other purposes regulated by the law, ensuring that they are constantly and effectively protected. The main legislative texts in this field are: a) Legislative Decree No 322/1989, which established the national statistical system (SISTAN) and regulated ISTAT's activities; b) Legislative Decree No 196/2003 and subsequent implementing provisions for the general protection of personal data. The law establishing the 15th General Population and Housing Census (Article 50 of Legislative Decree No 78/2010) confirmed and further specified the arrangements for protecting the confidentiality of personal data, calling on ISTAT to identify the technical arrangements to be adopted by local survey bodies. These instruments, for everybody involved in carrying out the survey and according to their functions and the organisational arrangements adopted, laid down specific provisions to ensure the absolute secrecy of personal data at all stages of collection, storage and transmission. Any failure to comply with the provisions laid down was punishable by administrative, civil or criminal penalties, according to the seriousness of the violation found. ISTAT has continuously monitored full compliance with all of the provisions laid down, by technological means and by means of suitably qualified internal staff. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
The personal identification details of individuals were physically separated from the rest of the socio-demographic information gathered by means of paper questionnaires, and delivered and processed independently in order to ensure confidentiality in relation to the contractors responsible for transport and the recording of data on magnetic media. Confidentiality in the treatment of census data collected by means of the online questionnaire was based on the encryption of the sensitive information requested. In particular, data was secured through the development of software applications within ISTAT which ensured an encrypted channel of communication, and through the purchase of an additional module of the DBMS, which ensured that the data contained in the database was stored in an encrypted fashion. No limitation is imposed in the dissemination of survey macrodata, while the microdata were disseminated in accordance with the General Census Plan (see 10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access). |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
Data are made available 27 months after the end of the reference period (March 2014) |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
- data published in the institute's data warehouse (I.Stat) |
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Data on population and housing censuses are disseminated every decade |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
http://www.istat.it/it/censimento-popolazione/popolazione-2011 |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Publications in paper form containing further thematic information are provided |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
I.Stat (http://dati-censimentopopolazione.istat.it/) |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
- The communication of census data to the bodies of the National Statistical System, in accordance with the legislation in force on confidentiality, is carried out by ISTAT in accordance with the provisions of Article 50 of DL No 78 of 31 May 2010 and according to the methods laid down in Article 8 of the Code of ethics and good conduct regarding the processing of personal data for statistical and scientific research purposes within the National Statistical System and Comstat Directive No 9 of 20 April 2004. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
- Adele Laboratory (archive of elementary data) in the institute |
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11.1. Documentation on methodology | |||
This entry is optional. |
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11.2. Quality management - documentation | |||
This entry is optional. |
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12.1. Quality assurance | |||
On the ISTAT website (www.istat.it): ISTAT has created quality assurance instruments consistent with its mission and fully in accordance with Eurostat's reference framework for the European statistical system. They are the result of a long process involving ISTAT and others. The following instruments established by ISTAT to improve the quality of statistical processes and products can be of interest and use to the bodies of the National Statistical System, researchers and users of data in general: - Guidelines on the quality of statistical processes (http://www.istat.it/it/strumenti/qualit%C3%A0-dei-dati/linee-guida); - Information system on the quality of statistical production processes (SIQual - http://siqual.istat.it/); - Audit (http://www.istat.it/it/strumenti/qualit%C3%A0-dei-dati/audit). For further information see the National Institute of Statistics' quality policy. http://www.istat.it/it/istituto-nazionale-di-statistica/qualit%C3%A0 |
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12.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
The process is monitored by means of a range of activities aimed at the timely identification of errors so that the appropriate corrective measures can be taken to restore the correct operation of the system. Monitoring of fieldwork. Fieldwork activity involved a dedicated monitoring system (SGR – Survey Management System) which traced deliveries of questionnaires to households, spontaneous return to municipalities of questionnaires completed by households according to return method (online completion, postal delivery, delivery to municipalities' contact points) and data regarding contacts and collection by municipal enumerators in the case of households late in returning questionnaires. The system was designed to minimise the risks arising from cooperation between the provider of the postal delivery and return service for questionnaires (Poste Italiane) and the bodies responsible for the management of the fieldwork. This enables daily, weekly and monthly reports to be produced for use by the various stakeholders responsible for surveying: enumerators, municipal census offices, ISTAT. Monitoring of optical reading A contractor was responsible for monitoring the optical reading of questionnaires provided in paper form, using a traditional sample check of product quality by batches of material delivered. The parameters controlled were the percentages of errors for variables classified as: pre-coded, numerical, alphanumerical and identification codes. Similar controls were carried out on alphanumeric variables coded by Postel (Municipality and Foreign State). The control was carried out by repeating the recording of a sample of characters from a randomly chosen batch selection and comparing them with the characters recorded by the service provider. Batches with error rates not statistically greater than the maximum tolerated in the contract were accepted by ISTAT and sent for subsequent processing. Batches which did not pass the controls for any of the parameters checked were rejected and subjected to further processing for those parameters. Financial penalties were set for each delay in processing caused by errors leading to the rejection of batches of material and the slowing of activities. Validation of data. The validation of data was carried out in order to check that the surveying of households, the imputation and correction of microdata and the re-weighting of the sample according to known totals did not render the macrodata inconsistent with known external sources. To this end, two data validation activities were carried out, the first of which was before the publication of the legal population and the second before the dissemination of hypercubes of interest both nationally and to Eurostat. The activities during the first stage of validation were aimed at checking the coverage of the census and were based on a micro and macro comparison with the data in the population registers managed by municipalities and on an analysis of the distribution of certain process indicators collected by means of SGR. Inquiries on and inspections of the activities carried out by municipal census offices were aimed at checking and rectifying any inconsistencies between personal data and census data. A second validation stage was aimed at the accuracy of the data collected and consisted of comparing a selected range of census macrodata calculated at different regional levels with the corresponding figure obtained from other administrative or statistical sources. As a result of significant discrepancies found between sources, systematic errors were identified and rectified in the imputation and correction procedures, and the system of known totals adopted to determine the final sampling weights. |
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12.2.1. Coverage assessment | |||
The 2011 General Population and Housing Census was assessed in terms of coverage of individuals residing in households, by means of the post-census coverage survey described in point 12.2.2. Other census coverage assessment activities, aimed at checking the quality of processes and the timely correction of errors, are described in point 12.2 under the heading ‘validation of data’. |
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12.2.2. Post-enumeration survey(s) | |||
The main aim of the PES (post-enumeration survey) is to estimate the number of individuals genuinely and habitually resident during the reference period of the 15th General Population and Housing Census (9 October 2011) and the rate of coverage, defined as the ratio between the number of individuals surveyed in the Census (excluding communal establishments) and the number of individuals genuinely resident. The sampling is a two-stages one, with stratification of primary units (252 municipalities sub-divided into self representative and non self representative) and of secondary units (around 2.500 census areas). The survey is designed in such a way as to ensure independence between the two surveys (Census and PES). Households and individuals habitually living in dwellings in the census areas selected for the sample at the time of the PES are surveyed. The survey was carried out from April to July 2012 and involved around 1.200 surveyors selected amongst the 'best' of the Census (naturally, each of them was assigned to an area different to the one in which they worked for the Census). The PES covered around 329.000 eligible individuals; the survey is followed by detailed Record Linkage stage and the application of a complex estimation model (Dual System of the ONS approach). The PES data will also be used to assess the simple response variance relating to the main variables included in the census survey questionnaire. |
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13.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The census data disseminated by Eurostat are addressed to policy makers, researchers, media and the general public. |
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13.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
No user satisfaction surveys are carried out. User inquiries are handled by the Eurostat User Support service. |
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13.3. Completeness | |||
Depends on the availability of data transmitted by the National Statistical Institutes. |
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14.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
14.1.1. Accuracy overall - Usual residence There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.2. Accuracy overall - SexThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.3. Accuracy overall - AgeThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.4. Accuracy overall - Marital statusThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.5. Accuracy overall - Family statusData for couples of the same sex in Italy are an underestimate and refer only to couples of the same sex who chose to declare themselves as such. Many people in the same situation preferred not to do so, despite ISTAT's recommendations There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.6. Accuracy overall - Household statusData for couples of the same sex in Italy are an underestimate and refer only to couples of the same sex who chose to declare themselves as such. Many people in the same situation preferred not to do so, despite ISTAT's recommendations. There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.7. Accuracy overall - Current activity statusThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.8. Accuracy overall - OccupationThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.9. Accuracy overall - IndustryThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.10. Accuracy overall - Status in employmentThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.11. Accuracy overall - Place of workThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.12. Accuracy overall - Educational attainmentThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.13. Accuracy overall - Size of the localityThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.14. Accuracy overall - Place of birthThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.15. Accuracy overall - Country of citizenshipThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.16. Accuracy overall - Year of arrival in the countryThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.17. Accuracy overall - Residence one year beforeThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.18. Accuracy overall - Housing arrangementsThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.19. Accuracy overall - Type of family nucleusThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.20. Accuracy overall - Size of family nucleusThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.21. Accuracy overall - Type of private householdThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.22. Accuracy overall - Size of private householdThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.23. Accuracy overall - Tenure status of householdThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.24. Accuracy overall - Type of living quarterThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.25. Accuracy overall - Occupancy statusThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.26. Accuracy overall - Type of ownershipThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.27. Accuracy overall - Number of occupantsThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.28. Accuracy overall - Useful floor spaceThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.29. Accuracy overall - Number of roomsThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.30. Accuracy overall - Density standard (floor space)There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.31. Accuracy overall - Density standard (number of rooms)There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.32. Accuracy overall - Water supply systemThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.33. Accuracy overall - Toilet facilitiesThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.34. Accuracy overall - Bathing facilitiesThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.35. Overall accuracy - Type of heatingThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.36. Overall accuracy - Type of buildingThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic 14.1.37. Overall accuracy - Period of constructionThere are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic |
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14.2. Sampling error | |||
14.3. Non-sampling error | |||
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15.1. Timeliness | |||
- 24/02/2014 HC55, HC56, HC59, HC40, HC45 |
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15.2. Punctuality | |||
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16.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
Total comparability |
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16.2. Comparability - over time | |||
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17.1. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Figures provided by the National Statistical Institutes in the framework of the 2011 Population and Housing Census may differ from those transmitted in other statistical domains due to the cross domain differences in definitions and methodologies used. For additional information please see metadata specific to each domain. |
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17.2. Coherence - internal | |||
Internal coherence is assured by regulations defining breakdowns and definitions of topics (Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009, Regulation (EU) No 519/2010, Regulation (EU) No 1151/2010) |
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The overall cost is 604 million, including personnel costs. Italy's 15th General Population and Housing Census saw many significant methodological, technical and organisational innovations introduced in order to reduce the organisational impact on public authorities, to speed up the dissemination of the final data and to reduce the statistical burden on households to a minimum. |
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19.1. Data revision - policy | |||
19.2. Data revision - practice | |||
The cubes HC1, HC2, HC3, HC4, HC5, HC6, HC7, HC8, HC9, HC10, HC11, HC12, HC13, HC14, HC15, HC16, HC17, HC18, HC19, HC20, HC21, HC22, HC23, HC24, HC25, HC26, HC27, HC28, HC29, HC30, HC31, HC32, HC33, HC34, HC35, HC36, HC37, HC38, HC39, HC41, HC42, HC43, HC44, HC46, HC47, HC48, HC49, HC50, HC51, HC52, HC53, HC54, HC57, HC58 and HC60 will be revised by 30 September 2014. Since the revision will be carried out following a recalibration of the system of sampling weights, variations compared to the cubes currently available will be very small. |
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20.1. Source data | |||
20.1.1. List of data sources | |||
20.1.1.1. List of data sources - data on persons | |||
Data source: 2011 General Population and Housing Census |
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20.1.1.2. List of data sources - data on households | |||
Data source: 2011 General Population and Housing Census |
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20.1.1.3. List of data sources - data on family nuclei | |||
Data source: 2011 General Population and Housing Census |
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20.1.1.4. List of data sources - data on conventional dwellings | |||
Data source: 2011 General Population and Housing Census |
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20.1.1.5. List of data sources - data on living quarters | |||
Data source: 2011 General Population and Housing Census |
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20.1.2. Classification of data sources | |||
20.1.2.1. Classification of data sources - data on persons | |||
01.Conventional censuses | |||
20.1.2.2. Classification of data sources - data on households | |||
01.Conventional censuses | |||
20.1.2.3. Classification of data sources - data on family nuclei | |||
01.Conventional censuses | |||
20.1.2.4. Classification of data sources - data on conventional dwellings | |||
01.Conventional censuses | |||
20.1.2.5. Classification of data sources - data on living quarters | |||
01.Conventional censuses | |||
20.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Data on population and housing censuses are collected every decade, in a reference year that falls during the beginning of every decade |
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20.3. Data collection | |||
Census questionnaires have been tested by means of both a Pilot Survey and a cognitive test. This last has been conducted in collaboration with the Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), in order to assess the cognitive difficulties in questionnaires’ comprehension and to identify possible improvements in questions’ wording and sequence, while the Pilot Survey has been held in order to test the possible use of technological and methodological innovations designed to solve problems related to conventional censuses. Alternative enumeration strategies were tested on a number of municipalities with different characteristics and, as a result, a composite strategy, differentiated according to the municipality size, was put in place for the census. Its basic features were the use of Population Registers as enumeration lists; the mail out of questionnaires (based on households names and addresses drawn from population registers), and the use of a simultaneous multi-mode (electronic and paper questionnaires, with a multi-return option for paper questionnaires) data collection system which included: a) Internet; b) return at any post offices in Italy; c) return to Municipal Collection Centres. |
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20.4. Data validation | |||
The data production process was structured on the basis of a series of steps forming a controlled workflow. The data collected was divided into thematic blocks, and for each of them the production process was essentially in two stages: the control and correction stage and the validation stage. These two components of the production process involved a single control process and a validation support application enabling transition between the correction, control and validation stages. |
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20.5. Data compilation | |||
Online completion of questionnaire. Online questionnaire completion enabling households to provide data via a web browser. Interactive controls of questionnaires completed online to check the completion path and the completion of the main questions. Optical reading and manual recording. Optical reading of questionnaires returned in paper form. Optical reading contracted out by international invitation to tender. Questionnaires for scanning collected by the contracting company from municipalities and scanned in the company’s centres. Scanning of characters subject to video control with operator if the automatic interpretation programme found a low probability of assignment of the value. Preliminary quality control of formats for all questionnaires, where necessary sent for manual recording. All questionnaires concerning communal establishments were sent for manual recording. Coding of text variables. In the case of questionnaires delivered in paper form, and in the fields in which information was collected in free text format, the variables ‘Municipality’ and ‘Foreign State’ were automatically coded with the assistance of manual operators. Coding was carried out by the contractor responsible for the optical reading of paper questionnaires. Subsequent control activities in ISTAT were carried out by means of automatic control procedures based on algorithms for the coding of text variables and on interactive controls. Removal of duplicated individuals. Two circumstances in which records might be duplicated were dealt with: Households or individuals sending the questionnaire twice, once via the internet and once by post, identified by means of the single code and corrected on the basis of the version delivered online; Households or individuals responding twice by means of different questionnaires, in the same or in different municipalities, identified by probabilistic record linkage of individuals' personal data. Corrected by removing one of the two records in accordance with deterministic rules giving precedence to the unification of families over the official residence of individuals. Reassembly of information for questionnaires completed in paper format. In order to guarantee respondents' confidentiality in relation to providers of postal and recording services, the part of household questionnaires containing members' personal data was physically separated from the rest of the questionnaire and processed differently. The two parts of the questionnaire were reassembled by means of a single identification code after being obtained in digital form. As a result of errors in the recording of single identification codes, some questionnaires were not reassembled and were matched by means of other information (municipality code, family code, date of birth, sex, citizenship). In the case of individuals for whom it was not possible in any way to identify their corresponding questionnaire, the entire record was subjected to imputation. Identification of households and families. In relation to this point, in the particular case of families, these were identified by means of complex algorithms which, on the basis of the variables family relation, age, sex and marital status, made it possible to identify the presence of couples and relationships within the household. Control and correction of microdata. Missing data regarding date of birth, sex and citizenship corrected by means of municipal register data. For the remaining variables, the imputation of missing or inconsistent values was carried out by probabilistic, data driven, deterministic or interactive methods, taking account of the rules on compatibility between household members. Preparation of sampling weights bound to known totals. The application of bound weighting procedures to determine sampling weights of individuals surveyed by means of the long form of the questionnaire. Links were applied in accordance with around 2.000 totals relating to macrodata disseminated via the national publication plan and determined on the basis of the information collected on the entire population |
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20.6. Adjustment | |||
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