1.1. Contact organisation
[4D0] European Commission (including Eurostat)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
[4D1_E2] Eurostat - Environmental statistics and accounts; sustainable development
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
5, rue Alphonse Weicker
L-2721 Luxembourg
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
12 May 2026
2.2. Metadata last posted
12 May 2026
2.3. Metadata last update
12 May 2026
The indicator is part of the EU Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicator set. It is used to monitor progress towards SDG 13 on climate action which is embedded in the European Commission’s Priorities under 'Sustaining our quality of life: food security, water and nature'. SDG 13 seeks to implement the commitment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for achieving a climate neutral world by mid-century to limit global warming to well below 2°C and aiming at 1.5°C (compared to pre-industrial times). It also aims to strengthen countries’ resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related natural hazards and the resulting disasters.
The European Climate Law sets out a framework for climate action and increases the EU’s ambition for 2030, with a goal to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 55 % by that year (compared to 1990) and to achieve climate-neutrality by 2050. The European Commission has also put in place a package of new and revised EU climate and energy legislation — the so called Fit for 55 package — to increase its ambition on climate mitigation. The package comprises an interconnected set of measures in the area of energy, transport, taxation and climate policies, and includes strengthened and expanded carbon pricing, targets, standards and support measures. It also sets a target for natural carbon sinks of 310 million tonnes of CO2equivalents.
4.1. Data description
This indicator measures net carbon removals from the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector, considering both emissions and removals from the sector. The LULUCF data covers the annual fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O from all managed land in the EU. The indicator is expressed as CO2 equivalents using the global warming potential (GWP) of each gas.
Emissions and removals data, known as GHG inventories, are submitted annually by Member States to the EU and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The European Environment Agency (EEA) compiles the EU aggregate data and publishes data for the EU and all Member States. Eurostat republishes the EEA data.
Member States follow the guidelines from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories when estimating emissions and removals of greenhouse gases to ensure transparency, accuracy, comparability, completeness, and consistency in reported data.
4.2. Unit of measure
Thousand tonnes of CO2 equivalent, tonnes of CO2 equivalent per capita and tonnes of CO2 equivalent per square kilometre.
4.3. Reference Period
Calendar year.
4.4. Accuracy - overall
Indicator from non-ESS source.
The uncertainty of the estimates is calculated every year by greenhouse gas and by land use category. In 2023 the uncertainty on the level for the 2021 inventory calculated across all land use categories and harvest wood products including all three greenhouse gases was 39.9%. This is similar to the waste sector and higher than the other sectors: energy, industrial processes and product use and agriculture.
4.5. Source data
4.5.1. Source data - Organisation
EEA (UNFCCC reporting and EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism).
4.5.2. Source data - Comment
Data source: EEA, Reporting under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC reporting).
Data provider: European Environment Agency (EEA), based on data from covered countries.
5.1. Frequency of dissemination
5.1.1. Frequency of dissemination - Grade
Every year5.1.2. Frequency of dissemination - Comment
Indicator is updated annually.
5.2. Timeliness
5.2.1. Timeliness - Grade
T+2 years5.2.2. Timeliness - Comment
New data points are disseminated within two years after the reference year.
6.1. Reference area
6.1.1. Reference Area - Grade
All EU MS6.1.2. Reference Area - Comment
Data are presented for all EU Member States plus plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Türkiye.
6.2. Comparability - geographical
6.2.1. Comparability - geographical - Grade
All EU MS6.2.2. Comparability - geographical - Comment
Data are comparable between all EU Member States respectively other presented countries. Comparability between Member States is one of the core reporting principles that the greenhouse gas inventory must adhere to.
The geographic area covered is the terrestrial surface of the 27 Member States including freshwater lakes and waterways. Approximated 5 % of the area is considered unmanaged and Member States do not report GHG fluxes from unmanaged land, but they report the area.
6.3. Coverage - Time
6.3.1. Time Coverage - Grade
> 10 years6.3.2. Time Coverage - Comment
Presented time series (including EU aggregates) starts in year 2000.
6.4. Comparability - over time
6.4.1. Comparability - over time - Grade
> 4 data points6.4.2. Comparability - over time - Comment
Length of comparable time series without methodological break is longer than 4 data points. When Member States gain new scientific knowledge that cause a change of an estimate, then the Member State needs to recalculate the full time series back to 2000 using this knowledge, if applicable.
7.1. Dissemination format - Publications
Analysis of indicator is presented in Eurostat's annual monitoring report on Sustainable development in the EU (progress towards SDGs in the EU context).
7.2. Dissemination format - online database
See table sdg_13_21
7.3. Dissemination format - other
Eurostat dedicated section on SDGs: overview.
Copyrights: Eurostat Copyright/Licence Policy is applicable.
