Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Prices and Services Statistics Department - Internal Trade Section, Business Services Section
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Statistics Poland 00-925 Warsaw, Al. Niepodległości 208
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
10 June 2026
2.2. Metadata last posted
10 June 2026
2.3. Metadata last update
10 June 2026
3.1. Data description
The net turnover in other services index measures changes in the value of revenues from sale of products, goods and materials in monthly periods with reference to the base period.
The index belongs to short term business statistics indicators, which describes the current economic situation and is used as a basis for economic policy decisions.
3.2. Classification system
The Polish Classification of Activities (PKD 2007) based on the NACE Rev. 2.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The index covers NACE Sections and Divisions: H, I, J, L, M (excluding M701, M72 and, M75) and N and aggregate of NACE Sections H+I+J+L+M (excl. M701, M72 and M75)+N.
The survey covers units employing 10 or more persons.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Net Turnover is defined as the value of sold production, sales of merchanted goods (resale) and services supplied. It includes:
Net revenues from sale of products within the country and for export which have been manufactured or services supplied by the entity (goods, semi-finished goods and services) as well as packaging, equipment and external services if they are invoiced together with the purchased products;
Revenues from sale of goods and materials, i.e. current assets purchased for resale in a non-processed condition and products manufactured by the entity if they are sold by shops within the company's network along with goods manufactured by other producers.
The following are excluded:
VAT invoiced to the client by the producer;
Taxes which fall on the products and services when they leave the factory (for example excise tax),
The monthly report on economic activity (concerning legal units employing 10 and more persons) covers among other variables the following information:
Turnover from sale of products (own goods and services);
Turnover from sale of goods and materials.
Data refers to flows during the calendar month. Definition of services net turnover index is compliant with Eurostat recommendations, methodological manual and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics.
3.5. Statistical unit
The reporting units (responsible for replying to the survey questionnaire) are legal units, whereas observation units are kind-of-activity units.
3.6. Statistical population
The target population includes legal units with 10 or more persons employed, classified to sections and divisions H, I, J, L, M (excluding M701, M72 and, M75) and N of NACE Rev.2 (32 373 KAUs in December 2025):
4 912 KAUs with 50 or more persons employed
27 461 KAUs with 10-49 persons employed.
The basis for identifying KAUs is the set of enterprises consisting of one or more legal units. The frame for identifying legal units (and then enterprises and KAUs) is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON).
3.7. Reference area
All regions of Poland are covered, as well as activities outside the geographical coverage are also included in the data. Poland and NUTS 2 level.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Until 2020 the observation unit was legal unit (treated as an approximation of enterprise), since 2021 data are compiled for KAU (insignificant breaks in time series may appear in some aggregates).
3.9. Base period
2021=100
Index.
Month.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
At national level:
The legal basis of Statistics Poland's responsibility for collection, processing and dissemination of statistics is the Ustawa o statystyce publicznej (The Act on Official Statistics) passed on 29th June 1995 with subsequent amendments (consolidated text of Journal of Laws of 2024, item 1799 and 2025, item 1792). The current content of the law with amendments is available only in the Polish version. Information on surveys is given in the “Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics” which exists as an annual regulation of the Council of Ministers.
Data are collected on the basis of the “Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics” (for national purposes data are compiled by LEU). These data are then used as the basis for compiling indices by KAU according to requirements of EBS-Regulation.
At European level:
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (EBS-Regulation).
Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 mentioned above.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Data on indices of services net turnover are transmitted to Eurostat according to requirements included in European regulations.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
All statistics collected and published by Statistics Poland are governed by the Act on Official Statistics. This Law establishes the statistical independence of Statistics Poland. Statistics Poland cannot publish, or otherwise make available to any individual or organization, statistics that would allow the identification of data for any individual person or entity.
The question of confidentiality is explained in the art. 10, 38 and 38a of the Act on Official Statistics:
Article 10.
Identifiable individual data collected in statistical surveys are subject to absolute protection. Such data may only be used to prepare statistical studies, compilations and analyses, as well as to create a statistical survey sampling frame by the President of Statistics Poland; making such data available or using them for purposes other than those specified herein is prohibited (statistical confidentiality).
Article 38.
1. Identifiable unit data obtained in statistical surveys may not be published nor made available.
2. Statistical data obtained in statistical surveys that can be linked and identified as data concerning a specific natural person, as well as information and statistical data characterising economic and financial results of national economy entities conducting economic activity, may not be published nor made available if the given aggregation consists of fewer than three entities or the share of one entity in a given compilation is greater than three-fourths of the whole.
3. In the case of national economy entities, the information and statistical data referred to in sec. 2 may be published if the person authorised to represent a given entity has consented to the publication of specific data characterizing the economic and financial results of that entity.
Article 38a.
1. The President of Statistics Poland, at the request of entities referred to in Art. 25 sec. 1 point 9, justified by the preparation of specific programmes, forecasts and analyses, may provide these entities with identifiable unit data of public finance sector entities within the meaning of Art. 9 of the Act of 27 August 2009 on public finances.
2. The data made available in accordance with sec. 1 may be used only for the purpose indicated in the application, subject to the rules referred to in art. 38 sec. 1 and in Regulation No. 223/2009.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidential data are treated in accordance with the policy described in concept 7.1. The following data are subject to special protection and are not disseminated:
Data for individuals,
Aggregates consisting the values for one or two entities,
Aggregates with the share of one entity higher than the three-fourths of the total value in aggregate.
8.1. Release calendar
Data are disseminated nationally according to the “Editorial Title Plan” and transmitted to Eurostat according to the release calendar announced by Eurostat.
Article 14 point 2 of the "Act on Official Statistics" states that shall provide and simultaneous access to the output statistical information, in particular to the basic values and indicators. Data are released simultaneously to all users and are available on Statistics Poland's website in the form of announcement.
The services turnover data is regularly sent to Eurostat before national release - according to the requirements of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197.
Monthly.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not available.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not available.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Since 2021 monthly indices are available in unadjusted, calendar and seasonally adjusted form in Knowledge Database.
Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics (in Polish),
Explanatory notes to the monthly questionnaire on economic activity DG-1 (in Polish).
10.7. Quality management - documentation
According to article 3 of Act on Official Statistics - the official statistics shall ensure reliable, objective and systematic information for the society, the state and public administration bodies and economic entities. Documentation on procedures applied for quality management and assessment is available on the website: Quality in statistics.
11.1. Quality assurance
The legal basis of the quality measurement and assessment is the internal Regulation of the President of Statistics Poland No. 35 of 28th December 2011, which came into force in the 4th quarter of 2012, and it applies for all statistics domains including STS. The quality assessment of statistical surveys was conducted according to an annual quality program for the official statistics which was in line with the Regulation of the President of Statistics Poland No. 35 of 28th December 2011.
Procedures and rules applied in quality assessment and monitoring are based on the ESS Quality Standards, i.e. the ESS Quality Declaration, recommendations of the ESS Leadership Expert Group on Quality (LEG) and the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP).
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The quality of statistical surveys is evaluated by means of standard quality reports and quality indicators recommended in the ESS Handbook for Quality Reports as well as by self-assessment checklist and quality audits and reviews.
Quality assessment of the monthly survey (DG-1), which is the data source for most Short term business statistics on net turnover indicators was conducted in 2022.
A quality report was elaborated on the basis of standard quality procedures recommended in the ESS Handbook for Quality Reports. The quality of the monthly survey was described by means of standard quality indicators characterizing the following quality aspects: relevance, accuracy and reliability, timelines and punctuality, comparability and coherence.
Relevance is maintained every year while drafting the “Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics”. User satisfaction survey is conducted at the end of 2013. In terms of accuracy and reliability there were a negligible non-sampling errors. Concerning timeliness and punctuality all releases are delivered on time immediately after they are prepared. Comparability of series is maintained geographically and over time. Coherence is observable with other cross domain surveys, quarterly and annually.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
User needs are systematically monitored and taken into consideration while drafting the “Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics” for the next year. The organs of the state power, government and self-government administration, organizations of employers and other institutions, provide opinions on statistical surveys and recommend implementation of the new ones. Data users, e.g. universities, research institutes, enterprises or individuals may indicate their needs by data inquiries and orders. Classification of national data users with an indication of their importance for official statistics, taking into account the purpose of data usage, is the following:
Key users – government and self-government administration, National Central Bank, Polish Financial Supervision Authority;
Important users – research institutes, universities, organizations of employers, enterprises, insurance institutions, media;
Other users – social organizations, professional self-government, economic self-government, trade unions, students, individuals.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
User satisfaction survey was conducted at the end of 2013. The survey covered the following data users: government and self-government administration, National Central Bank, Polish Financial Supervision Authority, research institutes, universities, organizations of employers, enterprises, insurance institutions, media, social organizations, professional self-government, economic self-government, trade unions, students, individuals. User satisfaction survey was carried out via internet. For this purpose, an electronic questionnaire was elaborated and placed on Statistics Poland's server. Questions included in the questionnaire have been adjusted to all data users mentioned above and they comprised, among others, the following issues:
General information on using statistical data (which data were used, how often and for what purpose),
Assessment of data availability, transparency, timelines, comparability and level of details,
Evaluation of services provided by Statistics Poland and assessment of the internet website,
Assessment of statistical metadata (methodology, glossaries, classification applied, etc.),
Users' needs and expectations concerning disseminated statistics and offered services,
General assessment of statistics (according to the European Statistics Code of Practice).
The completeness of data corresponds with requirements of the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (EBS-Regulation) and of Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistic (General Implementing Act).
13.1. Accuracy - overall
There were negligible non-sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non-response. Improvement actions taken include increasing registry updates, careful logical and accounting controls and constant contact with the reporting units.
13.2. Sampling error
There is an exhaustive survey for economic entities employing 50 or more persons. Purposive sample is used for economic entities employing 10-49 persons. A 10% sample is used for units employing 10-49 persons. The economic entities employing (in December 2025):
50 or more persons included in an exhaustive strata (5442 entities);
10-49 persons observed by a minimum 10% sample survey (3 863 entities out of 33 650 entities in target population).
13.3. Non-sampling error
There were negligible non-sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non-response. Taken improvement actions include increasing registry updates, careful logical and accounting controls and constant contact with the reporting units. The response rate for legal units employing 50 or more persons is about 86%, for legal units employing 10-49 persons (a 10% sample survey) submitted 2 344 units (out of 28 226 units in target population). Actions which are taken to speed up or increase the rate of response are telephone and e-mail follow-up.
14.1. Timeliness
Monthly data is released within 2 months after the end of the reference month. The index is transmitted to Eurostat according to the Release Calendar.
The monthly questionnaires concerning legal units employing 10 and more persons are filled by internet application until the 5th working day after the end of the reference month. The data collection is closed on the 9th working day after the end of the reference month.
14.2. Punctuality
100% releases delivered on time according to the scheduled release dates.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The same statistical concepts and classifications are applied in the entire national territory. Polish Classification of Activities (PKD 2007) is consistent with European Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev.2). Classification of territorial division applied in Polish statistics is consistent with the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS).
15.2. Comparability - over time
Time series according to NACE Rev. 2 are available from 2000 onwards. (on quarterly basis). Since 2021 data are compiled by KAU on monthly basis.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Not applicable.
Cost of the NSI:
128,800 hours – annual cost of collecting data on the DG-1 form (all variables collected via DG-1 are included). The costs cover also national needs (it was not possible to separate the costs of data collection only for EBS purposes)
776 hours – annual costs related to data processing, imputation, grossing up, validations, seasonal and calendar adjustment, as well as preparation of data for dissemination (it concerns only cost for net turnover in services)
Burden of respondents: 18 hours – average annual respondent burden (it covers data preparation and filling-in the DG-1 form), also national needs are included as it was not possible to separate the response burden only for EBS purposes.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Data revision policy is consistent with Eurostat recommendations (ESS guidelines on revision policy for PEEIs). According to these recommendations, notice about major revisions, e.g. in classification, methodology or base year, is provided in advance of the change. Notice about minor changes is given at the time the revision is introduced.
The same revision policy is applied to data released nationally and transmitted to Eurostat.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Every five years major revisions take places due to implementation of the new weights and the rebasing of the indices. Every year time series adjusted by working days are updated. In case of detecting errors in published data they are corrected as soon as possible.
In 2024 time series from 2021 were recalculated for the base year 2021=100
18.1. Source data
The source of data is statistical sample survey covering economic entities with 10 or more persons employed, stratified as follows (in December 2025):
entities with 50 or more persons employed – exhaustive strata (5442 entities classified to sections and divisions H, I, J, L, M (excluding M701, M72 and, M75) and N of NACE Rev.2, out of which, 4659 units submitted report i.e. 85.6 %);
entities with 10-49 persons employed – minimum 10% sample of entities selected at the NUTS 2 level and for Sections and Divisions of NACE Rev.2 (3863 entities out of 28 245 entities in target population classified to sections and divisions H, I, J, L, M (excluding M701, M72 and, M75) and N, out of 3863 units from this group, 2344 submitted report, i.e. 50.3%).
The sample is established once a year and is regularly updated during the year. The frame on which the source is based is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON). Data reported by legal units for national purposes are compiled by LEU, however each legal unit covered by the survey has identified KAU’s NACE code which is the basis for compiling data by KAU.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Monthly data are collected for legal units employing 10 or more persons. Collected data refer to the full reference period.
18.3. Data collection
The DG-1 questionnaire – monthly report on economic activity – is used. It covers legal units employing 10 or more persons.
The questionnaire covers, among others, the following information:
Revenues from sale of own products (goods, services) – of which non-domestic (of which euro-area);
Value of manufactured products not categorized as sale, but included in sales;
Revenues from sale of merchanted goods (resale) – of which non-domestic (of which euro-area);
Persons employed;
Average paid employment;
Gross wages and salaries;
Retail sale and wholesale;
Excise tax;
Product subsidies received;
New orders – of which non-domestic (of which euro-area).
Data on services turnover are collected both for reporting month as well as for accrued period (cumulative data from January to the end of the reporting month). In accrued data, reporting units include possible revisions for the previous periods, which does not have an impact on the real level of the turnover value in reporting month.
All data is collected by electronic questionnaire (sporadically by postal questionnaire) or by CATI. Dissemination of electronic questionnaire in the Reporting Portal for reporting units — until the 5th working day after the end of the reference month; reminding the reporting units over the phone or e-mail that they have not completed the questionnaire — on the 6th working day after the end of the reference month.
18.4. Data validation
Appropriate validation procedures are applied during the whole production process of statistics, and they are in line with rules provided by Eurostat, i.e. starting from selection of respondents to compiling indices and transmission to Eurostat.
Data validation system incorporates many tools for data control, estimation and imputation, e.g. reports on data completeness and program procedures applied for error checking. The detailed completeness reports are essential tools in analysis of non-response as well as organizational and localization changes taking place in the reporting units.
Validation procedures are applied on the level of individual respondents and on aggregated level as well as before data transmission to Eurostat. Data validation on the level of individual respondents is based on:
Special program procedures used for errors checking when data are inserted to the system (logical -computing control) – these procedures help to avoid errors at the stage of data collection what is essential for final data results.
Information given by an unit on the reasons of substantial difference in the level of data reported in the current period as compared to the equivalent data for the previous period (e.g. cancellation of all previously-issued invoices, correction of invoices, reducing/increasing the number of orders, employee dismissals).
In the case of any doubts about data correctness there is a direct contact with an unit in order to explain outliers.
Data validation on aggregated level is conducted both by the Regional Statistical Office responsible for the survey as well as by the authorial departments of Statistics Poland and other Regional Statistical Offices. The quality of aggregated data is monitored at least on three-digit level of NACE Rev.2 and on NUTS 2 level. Both the values and dynamics are compared with previous month and corresponding month of the previous year. Any discrepancies are scrutinized before dissemination of national indices. After data acceptance by all units data gathered by legal units are recalculated into kind of activity units. In the next step all engaged Statistics Poland units verify and validate received data. Validation procedures are also performed before data transmission to Eurostat. The structured data files in SDMX format are created and data assigned to the codes are checked in detail. In case of significant data revisions, for example when the base year changes, the whole time series are submitted to validation procedure.
The most of Short term business statistics indicators are surveyed on the same monthly questionnaire (DG-1) what means that validation procedures are quite consistent.
18.5. Data compilation
Data concerning units employing 10 or more persons are estimated for non-response based on the units' responses for previous periods. This is done for units which submitted at least one questionnaire throughout the year. For units which have also not submitted a questionnaire throughout the year the results for the responses are grossed up to the population taking into account employment and labour productivity.
The survey results are produced by grossing-up the data from the sample to the population. The grossed up results are used only to compile indices at the level of the NACE Rev. 2 aggregates required in the EBS Regulation.
The indexes are calculated based on grossed up results. The index for a new reference period is calculated as a relation of its value to the average value of the base year.
The base weights for units employing 10–49 persons are calculated taking into account the employment and labour productivity.
regARIMA, 1 or 6 regressors connected with the changing number of working days in a week resulting from country specific national holidays (the number of regressors depends on statistical testing and quality of model verification),
all moving holidays present in the national calendar are included,
leap year effect (if relevant – depends on statistical significance and compliance with economic theory of the estimated value),
Easter effect (if relevant – depends on statistical significance and compliance with economic theory of the estimated value),
outliers (AO, LS, TC) with automatic detection supported by additional analysis and a priori knowledge,
default critical value for automatic outlier detection (3.5). .
Seasonal adjustment:
automatic model selection with additional non-automatic verification of problematic cases,
additive or multiplicative decomposition (depends on the series and results of statistical testing, sometimes manually revised considering SA series behaviour – ex. annual totals coherence),
filter length not applicable (TRAMO/SEATS method),
no a priori identified breaks in the series,
direct adjustment of all series,
the consistency of separately adjusted components and aggregates (a direct approach) is assured by manual checking/controlling of models used and SA series behaviour for series related by important dependencies.
Revisions:
model updated once a year including revision of historical data.
Not applicable.
The net turnover in other services index measures changes in the value of revenues from sale of products, goods and materials in monthly periods with reference to the base period.
The index belongs to short term business statistics indicators, which describes the current economic situation and is used as a basis for economic policy decisions.
10 June 2026
Net Turnover is defined as the value of sold production, sales of merchanted goods (resale) and services supplied. It includes:
Net revenues from sale of products within the country and for export which have been manufactured or services supplied by the entity (goods, semi-finished goods and services) as well as packaging, equipment and external services if they are invoiced together with the purchased products;
Revenues from sale of goods and materials, i.e. current assets purchased for resale in a non-processed condition and products manufactured by the entity if they are sold by shops within the company's network along with goods manufactured by other producers.
The following are excluded:
VAT invoiced to the client by the producer;
Taxes which fall on the products and services when they leave the factory (for example excise tax),
The monthly report on economic activity (concerning legal units employing 10 and more persons) covers among other variables the following information:
Turnover from sale of products (own goods and services);
Turnover from sale of goods and materials.
Data refers to flows during the calendar month. Definition of services net turnover index is compliant with Eurostat recommendations, methodological manual and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics.
The reporting units (responsible for replying to the survey questionnaire) are legal units, whereas observation units are kind-of-activity units.
The target population includes legal units with 10 or more persons employed, classified to sections and divisions H, I, J, L, M (excluding M701, M72 and, M75) and N of NACE Rev.2 (32 373 KAUs in December 2025):
4 912 KAUs with 50 or more persons employed
27 461 KAUs with 10-49 persons employed.
The basis for identifying KAUs is the set of enterprises consisting of one or more legal units. The frame for identifying legal units (and then enterprises and KAUs) is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON).
All regions of Poland are covered, as well as activities outside the geographical coverage are also included in the data. Poland and NUTS 2 level.
Month.
There were negligible non-sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non-response. Improvement actions taken include increasing registry updates, careful logical and accounting controls and constant contact with the reporting units.
Index.
Data concerning units employing 10 or more persons are estimated for non-response based on the units' responses for previous periods. This is done for units which submitted at least one questionnaire throughout the year. For units which have also not submitted a questionnaire throughout the year the results for the responses are grossed up to the population taking into account employment and labour productivity.
The survey results are produced by grossing-up the data from the sample to the population. The grossed up results are used only to compile indices at the level of the NACE Rev. 2 aggregates required in the EBS Regulation.
The indexes are calculated based on grossed up results. The index for a new reference period is calculated as a relation of its value to the average value of the base year.
The base weights for units employing 10–49 persons are calculated taking into account the employment and labour productivity.
The source of data is statistical sample survey covering economic entities with 10 or more persons employed, stratified as follows (in December 2025):
entities with 50 or more persons employed – exhaustive strata (5442 entities classified to sections and divisions H, I, J, L, M (excluding M701, M72 and, M75) and N of NACE Rev.2, out of which, 4659 units submitted report i.e. 85.6 %);
entities with 10-49 persons employed – minimum 10% sample of entities selected at the NUTS 2 level and for Sections and Divisions of NACE Rev.2 (3863 entities out of 28 245 entities in target population classified to sections and divisions H, I, J, L, M (excluding M701, M72 and, M75) and N, out of 3863 units from this group, 2344 submitted report, i.e. 50.3%).
The sample is established once a year and is regularly updated during the year. The frame on which the source is based is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON). Data reported by legal units for national purposes are compiled by LEU, however each legal unit covered by the survey has identified KAU’s NACE code which is the basis for compiling data by KAU.
Monthly.
Monthly data is released within 2 months after the end of the reference month. The index is transmitted to Eurostat according to the Release Calendar.
The monthly questionnaires concerning legal units employing 10 and more persons are filled by internet application until the 5th working day after the end of the reference month. The data collection is closed on the 9th working day after the end of the reference month.
The same statistical concepts and classifications are applied in the entire national territory. Polish Classification of Activities (PKD 2007) is consistent with European Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev.2). Classification of territorial division applied in Polish statistics is consistent with the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS).
Time series according to NACE Rev. 2 are available from 2000 onwards. (on quarterly basis). Since 2021 data are compiled by KAU on monthly basis.
