National Institute of Statistics Romania

Structural Business Statistics Directorate

Bdul Libertatii nr.16 Bucuresti

Structural business statistics (SBS) describes the structure, conduct and performance of economic activities, down to the most detailed activity level (several hundred economic sectors). SBS covers all activities of the business economy with the exception of agricultural activities, public administration and (largely) non-market services such as education and health. Main characteristics (variables) of the SBS data category:

• Business demographic variables (e.g. Number of active enterprises)

• "Output related" variables (e.g. Net turnover, Value added)

• "Input related" variables: labour input (e.g. Number of employees and self-employed persons, Hours worked by employees); goods and services input (e.g. Purchases of goods and services); capital input (e.g. Gross investments)

Business services statistics (BS) collection contains harmonised statistics on business services. From 2008 onwards BS become part of the regular mandatory annual data collection of SBS. The BS’s data requirement includes variable “Turnover” broken down by products and by type of residence of client.

The annual regional statistics collection includes three characteristics due by NUTS-2 country region and detailed on NACE Rev 2division level (2-digits).

Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE):  NACE Rev.2 is used from 2008 onwards. Key data were double reported in NACE Rev.1.1 and NACE Rev.2 only for 2008. From 2002 to 2007 NACE Rev. 1.1 was used and until 2001 NACE Rev.1

The regional breakdown of the EU Member States is based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). 

The product breakdown is based on the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) as stated in the Regulation establishing CPA 2008 and its amending  Commission Regulation (EU) No 1209/2014  (from reference year 2015 onwards).

Starting reference year 2021 onwards SBS cover the economic activities of market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96.
Until 2007 the SBS coverage was limited to Sections C to K of NACE Rev.1.1 and from the reference year 2008 to 2020 data was available for Sections B to N and Division S95 of NACE Rev.2.
From 2013, as the first reference year, to 2020 information is published on NACE codes K6411, K6419 and K65 and its breakdown.

From 2008 reference year data collection BS covers NACE Rev 2 codes: J62, N78, J582, J631, M731, M691, M692, M702, M712, M732, M7111, and M7112.

SBS constitutes an important and integrated part of the new European Business Statistics Regulation N° 2152/2019

Data requirements, simplifications and technical definitions are definied in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197

Enterprise is the statistical unit for which statistics are ultimately compiled.

The target population in terms of NACE is in line with ESB and GIA Regulations. All size classes are covered.

The statistical unit for reporting data is the enterprise. Since 2021 reference year the sole proprietors are included in the total values for the variables number of enterprises and number of employees and self employed persons but it not cover the other economic variables. Also data are not available by size class of enterprise due to lack of reliable information in the SBR.

The frame for identifying units for the population is the Statistical Business Register.

The whole country

The length of time for which data are available is 1997 to 2021

Not applicable.

• Number of enterprises and number of local units are expressed in units.

• Monetary data are expressed in millions of €.

• Employment variables are expressed in units.

• Per head values are expressed in thousands of € per head. 

Ratios are expressed in percentages.

Data refers to calendar year. 

Starting with reference year 2021 two new regulations currently form the legal basis of SBS:

• Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (EBS Regulation), and
• Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements (general implementing act) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152

Year 1995 was the first year for the implementation of the Council Regulation No 58/97 (SBS Regulation).

The Council Regulation No 58/97 has been amended three times: by Council Regulation No 410/98, Commission Regulation No 1614/2002 and European Parliament and Council Regulation No 2056/2002. As a new amendment of the basic Regulation it was decided to recast the Regulation No 58/97 in order to obtain a new "clean" legal text. In 2008 the European Parliament and Council adopted Regulation No 295/2008 and the provisions of this Regulation were applicable from the reference year 2008 to reference year 2020. Regulation No 295/2008 was amended by Commission Regulation (EU) No 446/2014.

Not applicable.

Confidentiality rules are stated in the Norms of confidentiality.

https://insse.ro/cms/files/legislatie/norme%20de%20confidentialitate/Ordin_INS_722_2020_Norme_de_confidentialitate_a_datelor_statistice.pdf

The rules applied to treat confidential data are the following: when there are less than four units or one or two units are dominating the aggregates (more than 70% or 80% of the turnover). The value of turnover, employment and main activity at unit level are not consider as confidential data.

Calendar realese is issued at the begining of the year. https://insse.ro/cms/files/catalog/calendar-comunicate-de-presa-2023.pdf

https://insse.ro/cms/files/catalog/calendar-comunicate-de-presa-2023.pdf

The users are informed that the data are being released based on the dissemination calendar; the dissemination of statistical data is for all users at the same time.

Annual.

Press release is done on regular basis (T+11 months)

Regular publications in which the data are made available to the public:

https://insse.ro/cms/ro/content/rezultate-%C5%9Fi-performan%C5%A3e-ale-%C3%AEntreprinderilor-din-comer%C5%A3-%C5%9Fi-servicii-%C3%AEn-anul-2021

https://insse.ro/cms/ro/content/rezultate-%C5%9Fi-performan%C5%A3e-ale-%C3%AEntreprinderilor-din-industrie-%C5%9Fi-construc%C5%A3ii-%C3%AEn-anul-2021

Publication is available in Romanian language

Data are disseminated in the online database TEMPO:

http://statistici.insse.ro:8077/tempo-online/#/pages/tables/insse-table

Data are annually disseminated

Micro-data are not disseminated

Statistical yearbook

Methodological guideline and statistical metadata:

http://statistici.insse.ro:8077/tempo-online/#/pages/tables/insse-table 

Guideline and metadata are available in Romanian language

Quality guideline: 

https://insse.ro/cms/files/eurostat/Ghid%20de%20calitate%20al%20statisticii%20oficiale.pdf

The guide is available in Romanian language

The following documents are the basis for qality assurance:

Commitment to support the credibility of official national statistics NSI quality statement

Code of good practice of European statistics - 2017; 2011; 2005

The quality guide of official statistics from Romania

Methodological guide for data editing

The overall assessment of data quality is good and is based on standard quality criteria.

The main internal users are the national accounts department, the STS department and other statistical departments in the NSI. Other internal users are: media, researchers and businesses.

External users are: Eurostat, UN and other international organisations.

General user satisfaction is carried out on a multi-annual basis.

All the requested variables are compiled and disseminated. Data are compiled also by size class, NUTS and CPA as requested by the regulation.

The accuracy of the data is considered as very good. The source of error is non-response.

The CV is compiled at cell level, using SAS procedure PROC SURVEYMEANS.

For the non-responses we are using the administrative data. In case admin data are not available the final weighting rates are adjusted with the non-reponse rate.

According to the EBS regulation

According to the EBS regulation

Same statistical concepts applied in the entire national territory

Length of comparable time series 2018-2021 according to enterprise definition

Coherence of cross domain is ensured. Due to lack of information the sole proprietors data were included only since reference year 2021.

The aggregates are consistent with their main sub-aggregates

A dedicated survey for measuring cost and burden is not carried out

Statistical data are revised when there are errors. Some type of revisions are applied: planned revisions, severe revisions due to errors.

The reasons for revising the data transmitted to Eurostat (preliminary versus final data and revising final data) are mainly related to availability of data sources

The data source is statistical survey combined with administrative sources.

The sample design is stratified based on following stratifications criteria: NACE activity code, size class according to employment

The main administrative data source used are the annual financial statements and social security. A number of variables are derived directly from the administrative sources and some others are calculated on those sources. Annual financial statements are used for monetary variables while social security data are used for employment variables.

Data sources used for the imputation in case of non-response are the same: financial statements of the enterprises and social security. The data source used for calibration are the financial statements (turnover)

We have access to micro data with good frequency. We are receiving several stages which insure a good completeness.

The frame is based on financial statement data which feeds the Statistical Business Register (SBR).

The variable used for identifying principal and secondary activities is the turnover.

We are updating the principal activity based on the stability rules that we are applying by keeping the same code for two consecutive years. The SBR is updated similar as SBS. A new sample is drawn every year.

Annual data collection.

For the part of the data collected in the statistical survey, paper questionnaire and electronic (Excel questionnaires) are used. The electronic questionnaires contain a number of quality/consistency checks.

In case of non-responses the actions taken are to re-contact the units.

For the part which is derived from administrative sources data are extracted from the database that is provided by the Taxation Authority

The validation process consist of different steps:

- checking the format and file structure

- checking the data at record level; the compleatness of the data. The main indicators (employment, turnover etc) are validated. Checks bewteen variables are also applied (for examples employment versus wages and salaries, incomes versus expenditures, investments)

- checks for similar variables between other business statistics domains or employment statistics

- checks over time of data both at record level and aggregated level (NACE class)

- checks at the unit level of main indicators (turnover, employment, investments) between data collected in the statistical survey and those available in the administrative data sources.

The non-response is treated using imputation methods. For the missing data different sources or methods are used to impute the data:

1. imputing and compiling the data based on administrative sources

2. imputing the missing data using different algorithms (compiling based on the existing data at unit level)

3. imputing data from other statistical data

Reference year is equal to calendar year

Not available