Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Railway transport measurement - passengers (rail_pa)
National Reference Metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS)
Compiling agency: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services (MoTi), General Directorate of Turkish State Railways (TCDD) and Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services (MoTi), General Directorate of Turkish State Railways (TCDD) and Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services, Department of Railway Transportation (MoTi),
General Directorate of Turkish State Railways, STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT STATISTICS and ANALYSIS OFFICE (TCDD)
Department of Sectorel Statistics Transportation Statistics Group (Turkstat)
Mandatory data collection at EU level is based on legal act, the Regulation EU 2018/643 and covers goods and passengers. Data is collected as following:
Annex I (annual data) –goods transport ,
Annex II (annual data)–passenger transport,
Annex III – (quarterly data) goods and passengers,
Annex IV and V( data every five years) regional statistics on goods and passengers and rail network and
Annex VIII (annual data) goods and passengers transport for small undertakings.
The codes of regions used in the region-to-region statistics are indicated in Regulation (EC) 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Railway undertakings providing transport of passengers or goods.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The main concepts used in rail domain are:
Rail passenger means any person, excluding members of the train crew, who makes a trip by rail. For accident statistics, passengers trying to embark/disembark onto/from a moving train are included. Passenger-km means the unit of measure representing the transport of one passenger by rail over a distance of one kilometer. Only the distance on the national territory of the reporting country shall be taken into account. Weight means the quantity of goods in tonnestones (1 000 kilograms). The weight to be taken into consideration includes, in addition to the weight of the goods transported, the weight of packaging and the tare weight of containers, swap bodies, pallets as well as road vehicles transported by rail in the course of combined transport operations. If the goods are transported using the services of more than one railway undertaking, when possible the weight of goods shall not be counted more than once. Tonne-km means the unit of measure of goods transport which represents the transport of one tonne (1 000 kilograms) of goods by rail over a distance of one kilometer. Only the distance on the national territory of the reporting country shall be taken into account. Train means one or more railway vehicles hauled by one or more locomotives or railcars, or one railcar travelling alone, running under a given number or specific designation from an initial fixed point to a terminal fixed point. A light engine, that is to say, a locomotive travelling on its own, is not considered to be a train. Train-km means the unit of measure representing the movement of a train over one kilometre. The distance used is the distance actually run, if available, otherwise the standard network distance between the origin and destination shall be used. Only the distance on the national territory of the reporting country shall be taken into account.
3.5. Statistical unit
Statistical units for rail transport statistics are all railway stations.
3.6. Statistical population
Data on passenger and freight transport are collected from the railway undertakings operating at national territory within thresholds mentioned in the rail regulation. Data on traffic are collected from infrastructure managers and railway undertakings.
3.7. Reference area
Operational railway network on national territory.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Data on passengers and goods are covered from 2004 onwards.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The volume and performance of rail freight traffic are measured in tonnes (mass) and tonne-kilometres. Passenger transport by rail is measured in the number of passengers and in passenger-kilometres. Information on the number of train kilometres is also available. Traffic flows on the rail network are measured in number of trains - passenger, freight and others (optional)
The tables consist mostly of annual data. There are some tables providing quarterly and quinquennial (every five years) data.
According to the Rail regulation (EU) 2018/643 data is collected as following: Annual data – Annex I –goods transport collected for a reference period of one year with a deadline for data transmission as 5 months after the reference periodreference period, – Annex II –passenger transport, yearly data with eight months deadline after the end of reference period – Annex III – quarterly data for goods and passengers with a deadline of three months after the end of the reference period, – Annex IV and V data every five years on regional statistics on goods and passengers and rail network with deadline of 12 respectively 18 months after the end of reference period and – Annex VIII goods and passengers transport for small undertakings with 5 respectively 8 months deadline after the end of reference period.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Purpose: Producing statistics on railway infrastructure, equipment, accident and transportation (number of passenger and amount of freight tonne*km, train*km, passenger*km and seat*km). Generating the statistics which will help to decision makers while planning and setting up programs on railway transportation. Producing statistics on railway freight and passenger transportation which is internationally comparable.
Coverage: Statistics of all the transportation, infrastructure and equipment, and accidents on the rail lines in the responsibility area of General Directorate of State Railways
Purpose:Producing statistics on railway infrastructure, equipment, accident and transportation (number of passenger and amount of freight tonne*km, train*km, passenger*km and seat*km). Generating the statistics which will help to decision makers while planning and setting up programs on railway transportation. Producing statistics on railway freight and passenger transportation which is internationally comparable.
Coverage: Statistics of all the transportation, infrastructure and equipment, and accidents on the rail lines in the responsibility area of General Directorate of State Railways
Scope Deficiency: Statistics on transportation, infrastructure, equipment and accidents of light railed system (metro, tram) are not covered.
Time Scope: The hard copy of data is available since 1925 and the soft copy is available since 1998.
Data Sources : Data obtained from the official records of General Directorate of State Railways.
Method: Data obtained from the official records of instutions are compiled in magnetic form.
Variables
Length of railways:Length of electrified and non-electrified railways in our country are compiled in km.
Number of locomotives:Number of electrified and diesel locomotives which is in operation on the railway network of Turkey.
Number of wagons:Number of freight and passenger wagons which is on operation in the railway network of Turkey.
Passenger-km:Unit measure of passenger traffic corresponding to the conveyance of a passenger over a distance of one kilometre.
Tonne-km:Unit measure of goods traffic (weights of containers, pallets and packages etc. are included if there are) corresponding to the conveyance of goods over a distance of one kilometre.
Train-km:Unit measure of distance representing the movement of a train over one kilometre.
Administrative transportations:Transportations realized by State Railways free of charge for its own purposes or for its staff.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Until year 2012 data was revealed in “Summary Statistics on Transportation” publication.
Since year 2012 data is revealed to users by our web page. (https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ulastirma-ve-haberlesme-112&dil=1)
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Rules on statistical compilation: Compiled in accordance with Article 9. of Statistics Law of Turkey.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Regulation on statistical confidentiality: In accordance with Article 13. of Statistics Law of Turkey, personal information and data which provide recognition of persons or enterprises directly or indirectly is confidential.
8.1. Release calendar
In the eighth month of the following year that the data belongs to.
8.2. Release calendar access
https://www.resmiistatistik.gov.tr/
8.3. Release policy - user access
National data release calendar is determined and announced to public.
Periodicity: Annual
Timeliness: In the eighth month of the following year that the data belongs to.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Data are disseminated to the users simultaneously.
News release: n.a.
Publications: Until year 2012 data was revealed in “Summary Statistics on Transportation” publication. Since year 2012 data is revealed to users by our web page. (turkstat.gov.tr)
For TCDD the link https://www.tcdd.gov.tr/en/organizational/statistics
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
On-line : Available
Internet address: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr
CD ROM: Until year 2012 data is available in the CD of the Summary Statistics on Transportation publication.
Other: Requested data can be gathered by magnetic form, cd formats and by e-mail.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
n.a.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
For TCDD in pdf format: ANNUAL STATISTICS (annual)
Time Scope: The hard copy of data is available since 1925 and the soft copy is available since 1998.
Data Sources : Data obtained from the official records of General Directorate of State Railways.
Method: Data obtained from the official records of instutions are compiled in magnetic form.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Consistency analyses of compiled statistics are done by comparing them with previous data and previous year data.
11.1. Quality assurance
There are two data sources for Turkish railway transport statistics. Data related to railway infrastructure is compiled based on administrative records of General Directorate of Turkish State Railways (TCDD), while the other data is compiled by Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MoTi) Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services.
TCDD Corporate Resource Management Information system project studies are carried out in order to manage and execute the resources and activities of the organization effectively.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Corporate Resource Management Information system project, reporting and evaluation of statistics can be made through administrative records created on the web.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Thanks to detailed publication regarding Railway statistics on https://www.tcdd.gov.tr/en/, user needs are widely met. National and international questionaires are almost fully filled.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
User satisfaction surveys are conducted within the scope of the annual strategic plan from TCDD and MoTi.
12.3. Completeness
Railways statistics are currently complete.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
No information available.
13.2. Sampling error
Railways statistics are currently complete.
13.3. Non-sampling error
No information available.
14.1. Timeliness
Railway statistics is dissaminated at t+6 month by the Turkish State Railways unde the Official Statistic Programme. For the Annex the time is t+5.
14.2. Punctuality
Much attention is paid to this issue.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Railway statistics cover whole country and available in NUTS level, so it is coherent in terms of geographical aspect.
15.2. Comparability - over time
There are two data sources for Turkish railway transport statistics. Data related to railway infrastructure is compiled based on administrative records of General Directorate of Turkish State Railways, while the other data is compiled by Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services.
In consultation with relevant institutions, Turkstat revised the Annex E data for 2011-2023 and Annex C. For the reference years 2011-2023, stakeholder institutions managed to distingusih traffic of light rail system (banlieu) transportation from the total traffic.
Number of passengers in national transportation were revised by excluding the traffic in metro, tram and light rail systems.
Explanations about data for Marmaray, Başkentray, İzban and Gaziray are listed below;
Since the reference year 2011, İzmir Suburban System (İZBAN) data is excluded in train-km, passenger-km and passenger figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
Since the reference year 2013, MARMARAY (Istanbul) data is excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
Since the reference year 2018, BAŞKENTRAY (Ankara) data is excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
Since the reference year 2022, GAZİRAY (Gaziantep) data is excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
After this revision, the break in the series that occurred in 2011 was revised. After 2023, metro, tram, light rail and banlieu data will not be included in national transportation data.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Mirror check results are taken into consideration and shared with MoTi and Turkish State Railways. There is no major inconsistency.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Railway statistics are compared internally. It is coherent.
With the begining of liberalization of the railway sector in Turkey in freight transport, railway companies are no longer willing to share detailed statistics with Turkish State Railways.
This situation is evaluated as a big problem in compliation of railway statistics with the current detail.
TCDD Transportation Inc. carries passenger transportation, OMSAN Logistics and KORFEZ logistics carries freight transportation in railways.
17.1. Data revision - policy
For the statistics produced in the scope of rail data, revision is not foreseen in the current year. Any future revision shall be publicly announced.
A revision study was conducted in March and April 2024 and passenger numbers were updated for the years 2011-2023.
17.2. Data revision - practice
When needed, data revision is performed by Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MoTi) Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services. Turkstat monitors revisions.
A revision work was done with MoTi after the official statistics program meeting. In consultation with relevant institutions, in 2023 and 2024 we revised the Annex E data for 2011-2023 and also Annec C.
In consultation with relevant institutions, TurkStat revised the Annex E data for 2011-2023 and Annex C. For the reference years 2011-2023, stakeholder institutions managed to distingusih traffic of light rail system (banlieu) transportation from the total traffic.
Number of passengers in national transportation were revised by excluding the traffic in metro, tram and light rail systems.
Explanations about data for Marmaray, Başkentray, İzban and Gaziray are listed below;
Since year 2011, İzmir Suburban System (İZBAN) figures are excluded in train-km, passenger-km and passenger figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
Since year 2013, MARMARAY (Istanbul) figures are excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data,
Since year 2018, BAŞKENTRAY (Ankara) figures are excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data,
Since year 2022, GAZİRAY (Gaziantep) figures are excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
After this revision, the break in the series that occurred in 2011 was revised. After 2023, metro, tram, light rail and banlieu data will not be included in national transportation data.
18.1. Source data
There are two data sources for Turkish railway transport statistics.
Data related to railway infrastructure is compiled based on administrative records of General Directorate of Turkish State Railways, while the other data is compiled by Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual for Türkiye.
Annual, five yearly and quarterly for EuroStat.
18.3. Data collection
Data obtained from the official records of instutions are compiled in magnetic form.
18.4. Data validation
Consistency analyses of compiled statistics are done by comparing them with previous data.
18.5. Data compilation
There are two data sources for Turkish railway transport statistics.
Data related to railway infrastructure is compiled based on administrative records of General Directorate of Turkish State Railways, while the other data is compiled by Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicaple.
No further comment.
Mandatory data collection at EU level is based on legal act, the Regulation EU 2018/643 and covers goods and passengers. Data is collected as following:
Annex I (annual data) –goods transport ,
Annex II (annual data)–passenger transport,
Annex III – (quarterly data) goods and passengers,
Annex IV and V( data every five years) regional statistics on goods and passengers and rail network and
Annex VIII (annual data) goods and passengers transport for small undertakings.
8 July 2020
The main concepts used in rail domain are:
Rail passenger means any person, excluding members of the train crew, who makes a trip by rail. For accident statistics, passengers trying to embark/disembark onto/from a moving train are included. Passenger-km means the unit of measure representing the transport of one passenger by rail over a distance of one kilometer. Only the distance on the national territory of the reporting country shall be taken into account. Weight means the quantity of goods in tonnestones (1 000 kilograms). The weight to be taken into consideration includes, in addition to the weight of the goods transported, the weight of packaging and the tare weight of containers, swap bodies, pallets as well as road vehicles transported by rail in the course of combined transport operations. If the goods are transported using the services of more than one railway undertaking, when possible the weight of goods shall not be counted more than once. Tonne-km means the unit of measure of goods transport which represents the transport of one tonne (1 000 kilograms) of goods by rail over a distance of one kilometer. Only the distance on the national territory of the reporting country shall be taken into account. Train means one or more railway vehicles hauled by one or more locomotives or railcars, or one railcar travelling alone, running under a given number or specific designation from an initial fixed point to a terminal fixed point. A light engine, that is to say, a locomotive travelling on its own, is not considered to be a train. Train-km means the unit of measure representing the movement of a train over one kilometre. The distance used is the distance actually run, if available, otherwise the standard network distance between the origin and destination shall be used. Only the distance on the national territory of the reporting country shall be taken into account.
Statistical units for rail transport statistics are all railway stations.
Data on passenger and freight transport are collected from the railway undertakings operating at national territory within thresholds mentioned in the rail regulation. Data on traffic are collected from infrastructure managers and railway undertakings.
Operational railway network on national territory.
The tables consist mostly of annual data. There are some tables providing quarterly and quinquennial (every five years) data.
According to the Rail regulation (EU) 2018/643 data is collected as following: Annual data – Annex I –goods transport collected for a reference period of one year with a deadline for data transmission as 5 months after the reference periodreference period, – Annex II –passenger transport, yearly data with eight months deadline after the end of reference period – Annex III – quarterly data for goods and passengers with a deadline of three months after the end of the reference period, – Annex IV and V data every five years on regional statistics on goods and passengers and rail network with deadline of 12 respectively 18 months after the end of reference period and – Annex VIII goods and passengers transport for small undertakings with 5 respectively 8 months deadline after the end of reference period.
No information available.
The volume and performance of rail freight traffic are measured in tonnes (mass) and tonne-kilometres. Passenger transport by rail is measured in the number of passengers and in passenger-kilometres. Information on the number of train kilometres is also available. Traffic flows on the rail network are measured in number of trains - passenger, freight and others (optional)
There are two data sources for Turkish railway transport statistics.
Data related to railway infrastructure is compiled based on administrative records of General Directorate of Turkish State Railways, while the other data is compiled by Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services.
There are two data sources for Turkish railway transport statistics.
Data related to railway infrastructure is compiled based on administrative records of General Directorate of Turkish State Railways, while the other data is compiled by Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services.
Periodicity: Annual
Timeliness: In the eighth month of the following year that the data belongs to.
Railway statistics is dissaminated at t+6 month by the Turkish State Railways unde the Official Statistic Programme. For the Annex the time is t+5.
Railway statistics cover whole country and available in NUTS level, so it is coherent in terms of geographical aspect.
There are two data sources for Turkish railway transport statistics. Data related to railway infrastructure is compiled based on administrative records of General Directorate of Turkish State Railways, while the other data is compiled by Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Directorate General for Regulation of Transport Services.
In consultation with relevant institutions, Turkstat revised the Annex E data for 2011-2023 and Annex C. For the reference years 2011-2023, stakeholder institutions managed to distingusih traffic of light rail system (banlieu) transportation from the total traffic.
Number of passengers in national transportation were revised by excluding the traffic in metro, tram and light rail systems.
Explanations about data for Marmaray, Başkentray, İzban and Gaziray are listed below;
Since the reference year 2011, İzmir Suburban System (İZBAN) data is excluded in train-km, passenger-km and passenger figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
Since the reference year 2013, MARMARAY (Istanbul) data is excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
Since the reference year 2018, BAŞKENTRAY (Ankara) data is excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
Since the reference year 2022, GAZİRAY (Gaziantep) data is excluded in passenger and passenger-km figures of Annex E and Annex C data.
After this revision, the break in the series that occurred in 2011 was revised. After 2023, metro, tram, light rail and banlieu data will not be included in national transportation data.
