Purchasing power parities (prc_ppp)

1.1. Contact organisation

[SE1] Statistics Sweden (SCB)

1.2. Contact organisation unit

Economic Statistics and Analysis

1.3. Contact name

Confidential because of GDPR

1.4. Contact person function

Confidential because of GDPR

1.5. Contact mail address

Solna strandväg 86, Solna, SWEDEN

1.6. Contact email address

Confidential because of GDPR

1.7. Contact phone number

Confidential because of GDPR

1.8. Contact fax number

Confidential because of GDPR

2.1. Metadata last certified

31 January 2025

2.2. Metadata last posted

31 January 2025

2.3. Metadata last update

31 January 2025

3.1. Data description

See concept 3.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

3.1.1. Organisation

Different bodies are involved in the PPP exercise, whilst the national statistics office, Statistics Sweden is responsible for the national PPPs and carries out most of the parts. The organisation of the PPP exercise has changed slightly through the years and will most probably continue that way.

 

1.       Bodies involved in the PPP exercise

Statistics Sweden has the overall responsibility for the national PPP exercise. The different parts of the PPP are mainly carried out within the different departments and units within Statistics Sweden.

Statistics Sweden – overall responsibility for the national PPP exercise. Most parts are carried out by the PPP team at the Consumer Price section. Housing services, GDP weights, VAT and Tips are calculated by the National Accounts section at Statistics Sweden. Price collection for the consumer goods and Equipment goods surveys is mainly done by the  Data Collection Unit.

National Board of Health and Welfare – responsible for the collection and calculation of the Hospital survey.

Construction consultant – subcontractor responsible for the collection of prices, reports, validation and discussion of issues concerning the Construction survey.

 

2.       Statistics Sweden’s organisation

Institutionally, Statistics Sweden is a Government Institute under the Ministry of Finance, with a mandate to produce the main part of Sweden´s official statistics, to participate in statistical cooperation on an international level, and to coordinate and support the Swedish system for official statistics. As part of this work, we also produce the greater part of the official statistics, for which other Swedish government agencies are responsible, on a commission basis. Statistics Sweden has both support departments and four different subject matter departments as shown in Figure 1 below. For more information about Statistics Sweden, see SBC website.

 

Figure 1 Statistics Sweden’s organisation

 

 

 

3.       The place of the PPP-work

The PPP-work is located under the Economic Statistics and Analysis Department. The department consists of four units:

• Environment and Community Building
• Balance of Payment, Financial Market Statistics and National Accounts
• Methods and Coordination
• Business Statistics, Foreign Trade and Prices

Within the Business Activities and Prices Unit there is the Consumer Prices Section consisting of Consumer Price Indices (CPI) and Purchasing Power Parities (PPP) and in total 20 employees.

The PPP team at Statistics Sweden has a close cooperation with the CPI team when it comes to the consumer goods. When possible, information from CPI on samples, turnover data and price observations are used in the production of PPPs. In times of high work burden for the PPPs, other price statisticians at the section may also assist the PPP team in the work. New data sources, such as transaction data, used in the national CPI are also implemented into the PPP.

There is also close cooperation with the National accounts, as they calculate the GDP weights and housing services. Questions on methodological issues within the PPPs are also discussed with National Accounts colleagues.

 

4.       Drafting of the PPP Inventory

The drafting of the PPP inventory is made by the project manager and the PPP team. The national accounts colleagues at Statistics Sweden write the parts on housing services and GDP-weights. The National Board of Health and Welfare write the section on hospital services while construction survey is drafted by Statistics Sweden’s subcontractor.

 

5.       The national PPP team and parts of Statistics Sweden working with PPP

There is a full time national coordinator for the Swedish PPP, as well as two additional members, all with many years of experience within price statistics and some years of experience of working with PPP’s.

There are four trained and experienced price collectors working with the collection of prices for the consumer surveys and equipment goods. They are employed at Statistics Sweden and all have experience from price collection within the CPI and PPP.

There is a price statistics methods expert connected to the national PPP work who can be consulted in cases of challenging methodological issues.

The head of the section Consumer prices is responsible for ensuring the supply of qualified resources to the production of the national PPPs.

There are also persons at other departments at Statistics Sweden, for example National Accounts, who are responsible for supplying data for parts of the PPPs. This is explained in more detail in the following section.

 

6.       The division of the work per PPP-survey and administrative work

This section describes how the different surveys are organised and who carries out the different parts of the survey.

Consumer surveys: PPP staff at the office of Statistics Sweden is responsible for the main parts of the pre-survey work. Pre-survey work includes determination of availability and importance of the products. PPP staff gathers this information by doing research both using internet but also CPI. Transaction data is used when available, it is used for the food beverage and tobacco survey as well as a small part of the personal appearance survey and the house and garden survey. Moreover, the PPP staff does the preparation for price collection (including translation), some price collection, validation and documentation. Most of the price collection is made by the price collectors within Statistics Sweden. As of 2012, the price collectors also register the data into the Data Entry Tool. Representativity is determined the same way as that of importance as described above. When needed, staff from both CPI can assist in price collection, validating data etc.

Rents: National accounts (NA) is responsible for the reported data for t-3, t-2 and t-1.

Salaries: Basic data is gathered from the Salaries and Labour Cost surveys within Statistics Sweden. The overall aggregation and calculations are made by PPP team as well as the entering of the data into the questionnaire. National accounts data is not available at a detailed enough level.

Equipment goods: The pre-survey is carried out by the PPP team. The price collection is carried out by price collectors at Statistics Sweden, as from 2021. This is about 2 months of work.

Construction: This work is outsourced to an external company. The PPP team has close contact with the contractor throughout the price collection and validation.

Expenditure weights: This work is carried out by National accounts staff, and the PPP team does an overall validation before the submission of the data. This is about 2 weeks of work.

Spatial adjustment coefficients: This work is done by PPP staff with some assistance from a methods expert at Statistics Sweden. This is about 1 week of work per survey where spatial adjustment factors are calculated.

Hospital survey: The survey is carried out by the National Board of Health and Welfare.

Administrative work and grant application: The administrative work for the PPP exercise is carried out by the national PPP project manager with support of the head of section for Consumer Prices Section. The grant application and grant report are produced by the project manager. This is done in close collaboration with the head of section as well as the Business Management and Support Unit of Statistics Sweden.

3.2. Classification system

See concept 3.2 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

3.3. Coverage - sector

See concept 3.3 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

See concept 3.4 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

3.5. Statistical unit

See concept 3.5 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

3.6. Statistical population

See concept 3.6 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

3.7. Reference area

The whole country.

3.8. Coverage - Time

See concept 3.8 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

3.9. Base period

Not applicable, because PPPs (Purchasing power parities) are primarily spatial indicators.

See concept 4 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 5 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements

See concept 6.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

See concept 6.2 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

7.1. Confidentiality - policy

All the basic data provided to Eurostat is protected by national law and cannot be disseminated (regulation 24 kap. 8 § Offentlighets- och sekretesslagen 2009:400). The law formulates that information about an individual’s (person or company etc.) personal or economical information is confidential. Matters of confidentiality are decided in cooperation with the lawyers at Statistics Sweden in order to ensure the law is followed correctly.

All contractors working with PPP must sign a data confidentiality document, guaranteeing data confidentiality for Swedish data as well as any data connected to other countries participating in the comparison program.

7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

See 7.1.

8.1. Release calendar

Publication in December, yearly, following Eurostat's publication.

8.2. Release calendar access

No comment.

8.3. Release policy - user access

No comment.

See concept 9 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

10.1. Dissemination format - News release

Results for PPPs and PLIs, are downloaded from Eurostat’s database and published on Statistics Sweden’s website (see English version Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs)).

The data are published for the participating European countries and are available for EU27. Publications are made a few days after Eurostat’s publication in December. Data is published in the database and there is a statistics news article. The database as well as the statistics news is available both in English and in Swedish.

10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

Example graph for Household Actual Individual Consumption 2024, as published in Statistics Sweden website. 

10.3. Dissemination format - online database

Data is published on Eurostat's database and there is a direct link to Eurostat's database from the Swedish national PPP site, located within Statistics Sweden's website.

10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

See concept 10.4 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

10.5. Dissemination format - other

Not applicable

10.6. Documentation on methodology

The latest version of the "EUROSTAT-OECD Methodological manual on purchasing power parities" is available online. 

10.7. Quality management - documentation

See concept 10.7 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

11.1. Quality assurance

All data provided undergo a detailed multilateral validation process, described in detail in the PPP Manual (see 10.6).

11.2. Quality management - assessment

At European level, the PPP Regulation requires Eurostat to assess the PPP processes of each EU Member State at least once every six years and to publish the results of these assessments on the Eurostat website. The outcome of these assessments are released on Eurostat's website.

12.1. Relevance - User Needs

See concept 12.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

See concept 12.2 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

12.3. Completeness

All indicators are calculated and published.

13.1. Accuracy - overall

See concept 13.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

13.2. Sampling error

See concept 13.2 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

13.3. Non-sampling error

See concept 13.3 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

14.1. Timeliness

See concept 14.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

14.2. Punctuality

See concept 14.2 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

15.1. Comparability - geographical

See concept 15.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

15.2. Comparability - over time

See concept 15.2 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

15.3. Coherence - cross domain

See concept 15.3 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

15.4. Coherence - internal

Not applicable

No comments.

16.1. Persons involved in the PPP exercise

• Presence of a full-time national PPP co-ordinator : Yes
• Persons involved in the PPP exercise are full-time or part-time; National coordinator full-time, other within the PPP-team are part-time.
• Experience and qualifications of the staff working in the PPP area: Academic degrees in Economics and Statistics.

17.1. Data revision - policy

See concept 17.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

17.2. Data revision - practice

Not applicable, cf. 17.1.

18.1. Source data

See concept 18.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

18.2. Frequency of data collection

See concept 18.2 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

18.3. Data collection

See concept 18.3 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

18.4. Data validation

See concept 18.4 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

18.5. Data compilation

See concept 18.5 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

18.6. Adjustment

See concept 18.6 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

No comments.

See concept 3.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

31 January 2025

See concept 3.4 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 3.5 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 3.6 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

The whole country.

See concept 5 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 13.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 4 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 18.5 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 18.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 9 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 14.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 15.1 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.

See concept 15.2 of the Eurostat metadata file prc_ppp_esms.