1.1. Contact organisation
Statistics Netherlands
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Economics and Business statistics: Producer prices and house prices, The Hague
1.3. Contact name
Restricted from publication1.4. Contact person function
Restricted from publication1.5. Contact mail address
P.O. Box 24500, 2490 HA The Hague
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication1.8. Contact fax number
Restricted from publication2.1. Metadata last update
13 November 20242.2. Metadata last certified
13 November 20242.3. Metadata last posted
13 November 20243.1. Data description
HPIs give comparable measures for changes in the prices of dwellings. They are calculated according to a harmonised approach and a single set of definitions.
3.2. Classification system
Both the index numbers and weights sent to Eurostat are available at the level of detail established by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1470.
HPI data is provided in the form of an overall index number comprising two sub-indices:
- Purchases of newly-built dwellings, and
- Purchases of existing dwellings.
3.3. Coverage - sector
ESA 2010 sector S.14 (Household sector).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
HPI data for the purchases of newly built and existing dwellings are compiled on the basis of full transaction prices. The HPI covers all transactions of dwellings made by households regardless of their final use. The weights for the two sub-indices are equal to the total value of dwelling transactions for newly built and existing dwellings, respectively. Both prices and weights include land value, as recommended by the Manual.
3.5. Statistical unit
The basic statistical unit of the HPI is dwellings in the Netherlands.
3.6. Statistical population
The target population is the set of all transactions of dwellings purchased by households.
3.7. Reference area
For overall index and two sub-indices HPI data is available for the Netherlands as a whole and also for 12 provinces (regions defined at NUTS II level; NUTS = Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics). For the sub-index of existing dwellings data is also available for COROP-areas (regions defined at NUTS III level), the four largest cities and five object types.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Data are available since the first quarter of 2005 (sub-index, newly-built dwellings) and since the first quarter of 1995 (sub-index, existing dwellings), respectively. On the Eurostat website HPI data is available since the first quarter of 2005.
3.9. Base period
The reference period is the year 2015. For the national publication on StatLine the reference period is the year 2020.
Index figures are available as well as quarterly and annual growth rates in percentages. Weights are given as parts in 1000 and in national currency (million euros).
Prices are collected on a quarterly basis during the whole calendar quarter.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Legal acts and other agreements - EU level:
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1470 provides for the quarterly transmission of HPI data by 85 days after the end of the quarter and of the annual weights by 15 June of year following the year to which the weights relate.
Legal acts and other agreements - national level:
According to article 33 of the Dutch statistics act the director general is authorised to use, for statistical purposes, data from registers that are maintained in connection with the performance of a statutory duty by:
- institutions and departments of: 1°. central government; 2°. provinces; 3°. local authorities; 4°. water boards; 5°. public bodies established pursuant to the Joint Regulations Act;
- public bodies as referred to in Section 134 of the Constitution;
- autonomous agencies at the level of the central government.
Access to administrative data:
See article 33 of Dutch statistics act.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Transactions of existing dwellings including transaction prices and transaction numbers of new dwellings are collected by the Dutch Land Registry (Kadaster) and shared with Statistics Netherlands for the production of HPI.
Transactions of existing dwellings are in some cases available for researchers (under strict conditions).
The policy and other details for data sharing can be found at Microdata: Conducting your own research | CBS.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
The HPI itself and its sub-indices for existing and newly built dwellings are not confidential.
Following the Statistics Netherlands Act, Statistics Netherlands cannot reveal any information which can be related to individual persons, households, enterprises or institutions: ISO certification and Privacy certification | CBS.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidential data may not be published without permission of Statistics Netherlands.
In the dataset no data is available that can be related to individual persons or households.
For the regional-HPI for 12 provinces a minimum amount of dwellings is set to define a confidential cell.
8.1. Release calendar
A new monthly figure of the sub-index of existing dwellings is released at the 22st day of the next month, or at the closest working day. New quarterly figures for the overall index of HPI, and its two sub-indices, are released at end of next quarter. There is a release calendar which is publicly accessible.
8.2. Release calendar access
8.3. Release policy - user access
There is no pre-access to specific users.
Monthly for overall index of existing dwellings. Quarterly for overall index of HPI, its two sub-indices and for sub-index of existing dwellings. Annual for all HPI weights.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
A news release is published after each data publication on the main page of Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek | CBS. Monthly online press release on national existing dwellings index, quarterly press release on regional existing and new dwelling indices and dwelling type indices.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
The Land Registry Office (Kadaster) publishes the index for existing dwellings each month.
The ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations publishes an annual report on the housing market.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
- HPI for existing and newly built dwellings (quarterly).
- HPI for existing dwellings (monthly).
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Micro-data is available for authorised external researchers. For more information see microdata catalogue.
One of the available datasets concerns transaction information from Land Registry Office Netherlands (in Dutch: Kadaster). This dataset contains transaction prices of all existing dwellings purchased in the Netherlands. It includes additional information like transaction date, dwelling address, dwelling type and the appraisal values used by municipal administrations for tax purposes.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not applicable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The on-line databases disseminated through Statistics Netherlands website always contain meta information, including hyperlinks to documents on the used methodology. The documents are available in English and Dutch. For HPI: House Price Index (HPI) 2020=100.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
The last quality report was transmitted as the end result of the grant-research of 2017-2018.
11.1. Quality assurance
All data are checked for completeness and consistency with statistical concepts and definitions. Document name: NL Final report development of sub-national HPIs 2017-2018 .pdf.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The quality of the HPI index is routinely reviewed using a framework that is based on the OOH (Technical) Manual, the Handbook on Residential Property Price Indices (RPPI) and the European Statistical System (ESS) definition of quality. ISO-certification: ISO certification and Privacy certification | CBS.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The HPI meets the needs of all users interested in knowing the behaviour of prices in the house price market.
Ministry of Economic affairs and Climate Policy, the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations and the Dutch National Bank are relevant users of the development of prices in the house price market.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
There are frequent meetings with expert groups on construction and housing.
12.3. Completeness
As required by the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1470: the HPI consists of an overall index of all dwelling purchases by households in the Netherlands, including two sub-indices (existing and newly-built dwellings, respectively).
13.1. Accuracy - overall
For existing dwellings the accuracy is 100% and for newly-built dwellings about 70%. The relative share of existing dwellings in the HPI is 80-90%. HPI data collection is based on a sample survey for newly built dwellings and integral observation of existing dwellings. The types of survey, sampling, and price collection methods are designed to ensure sufficient coverage and timeliness. The accuracy of the HPIs is assured by following Eurostat’s methodological recommendations.
13.2. Sampling error
Probability sampling is used only for newly built dwellings.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
The national publication of the HPI is in the first week in the fourth month after the reference quarter. The national publication of the HPI for existing dwellings is around 22 days after the reference quarter.
14.2. Punctuality
HPI data are sent to Eurostat, using eDamis, according to the OOH regulation, i.e., the quarterly indices are sent no later than 85 days after the end of the reference quarter. There is no record of delays in the transmission and dissemination of the data.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
For overall index and the two sub-indices HPI data is comparable at national level and also between NUTS II regions (12 provinces). There are no comparability problems.
15.2. Comparability - over time
The HPI is available from 2005. First an administrative source for newly built dwellings was used. From 2015 surveys are used. This improved the coverage of newly built dwellings. The HPI is chain linked annually and is comparable over time.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
The HPI partly overlaps the scope of the other owner-occupied house price indices described in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1470. Contrary to these other indices, the HPI does not follow the net acquisitions concept and, in addition, the price of land is always included in prices and weights of the HPI. Any comparison of the HPI with the other OOH price indices should be done with this in mind.
The trend of the HPI for existing dwellings resembles the trend of the index of real estate association NVM. The HPI is based on Land Registry Office's data, whereas the NVM-index is based on real estate agency data. The price data of latter index is recorded at an earlier stage: the signing of the contract. Furthermore, the NVM-index is based on a lower coverage of house sales with a non-random sample.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Higher level aggregations are derived from detailed indices according to well-defined procedures. The coherence of produced HPIs is regularly checked against other sources of information on the housing market.
Statistics Netherlands is not able to provide detailed information.
17.1. Data revision - policy
New figures for the most recent quarter will be provided as provisional data, which will be revised and finalised, if necessary, in time for the following publication and in compliance with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1470.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Every on-line database disseminated through Statistics Netherlands website contains information on its revision policy. In principle, the HPI is only subject to revisions of the previous (preliminary) period. If for some reason another significant revision is needed in the price index existing dwellings, Eurostat will be informed and the general public will be informed at our website, e.g. by a press release. If another significant revision only affects the price index of newly-built dwellings, only Eurostat will be informed.
Main reasons for revisions are changes in methodology or rebasing the index figures to a recent year.
In June 2024 the PED and the PND have been revised due to changes in methodology. Both revisions have affected the whole index series. The weights of sub-index of existing dwellings are now based on transactions of dwellings. The sub-index of newly-built dwellings is now stratified and is currently based on 2 strata (4 biggest cities / rest).
18.1. Source data
See below.
18.1.1. Prices
Existing dwellings: Index numbers and weights are compiled using administrative sources obtained from Land Registry Office Netherlands (transaction prices of existing dwellings) and Dutch municipal administrations (appraisals of existing dwellings).
Newly-built dwellings: Index numbers and weights are compiled using survey data and administrative sources obtained from Land Registry Office Netherlands (transactions of newly-built dwellings).
18.1.2. Weights
The total transaction value serves as weight for the HPI. The source for existing dwellings is the registry of the Land Registry Office (Kadaster). The source for new dwellings is a combination of the Land Registry and the survey undertaken by Statistics Netherlands.
18.1.3. Source data - House Sales indicators
The main source to compile the House Sales indicators is an administrative database. Two administrations of the Land Registry Office (Kadaster) are used. These administrations contains all transactions of existing dwellings and of new dwellings.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Data for existing dwellings is collected on a monthly basis and is published accordingly. Data for new dwellings is collected on a quarterly basis and is also published accordingly.
18.3. Data collection
Collection details:
Administrative data are collected through the use of service level agreements with the data providers.
Survey data is collected through a questionnaire in the form of an Excel-document. Respondents can return the questionnaire through a secured environment/web page.
Link to the questionnaire: Prijsindex Nieuwbouw Koopwoningen | CBS.
We do not expect any changes in data collection in the near future.
Database:
The on-line databases disseminated through Statistics Netherlands website always contain meta information, including hyperlinks to documents on the used methodology. Four databases are available for existing dwellings:
- HPI existing and newly built dwellings;
- HPI existing dwellings - The Netherlands (total);
- HPI existing dwellings - region;
- HPI existing dwellings - dwelling type.
18.4. Data validation
Existing dwellings:
All unreliable data are removed from the transaction database of the Land Registry Office and the WOZ files (valuations). Dwellings are not included if they match one of the following characteristics:
- type of dwelling unknown;
- sold more than once within a month;
- selling price below €10,000 or above €5,000,000;
- WOZ value unknown;
- WOZ value below €10,000 or above €5,000,000;
- unrealistic ratio between selling price and WOZ value.
New dwellings: unrealistic data is checked and cleaned if necessary. If variables used in the hedonic model are missing, the transaction is removed. unrealistic data is marked as 'to-check' when:
- one of the characteristics is missing;
- selling price is below €10,000 of above €5,000,000;
- living area is less than 20m2 or greater than 400 m2;
- the m2-price is unrealistic for the certain type of dwelling;
- the value is different from the proposed categories.
18.5. Data compilation
See below.
18.5.1. Calculation and Aggregation
See below.
18.5.1.1. Index formulae
HPI is a Laspeyres-type price index.
18.5.1.2. Aggregation method
Chain linked Laspeyres aggregation.
18.5.1.3. Derivation of sub-index and elementary aggregate weights
For both existing and newly-built dwellings the weighting factors indicate each stratum’s share relative to the total transaction of dwellings in the base year. The weights are updated every year. The price of land is included in the weights. The total HPI weight of year t is based on dwelling transaction values of year t-1.
18.5.1.4. Price updating
The weights are price updated according to the Laspeyres-type formula to the fourth quarter of T-1.
18.5.1.5. Chaining and linking method
The HPI is chained on a yearly basis using the fourth quarter of the previous year as the linking period.
18.5.1.6. Compilation of sub-indices
For the sub-index of existing dwellings the Sale Price Appraisal Ratio (SPAR) method is used to mimic the matched model approach, which is a well-accepted way to adjust for compositional mix changes. For the sub-index of new dwellings the hedonic double imputation Fisher method is used.
18.5.1.6.1. Hedonic method
For the sub-index of new dwellings the hedonic double imputation Fisher method is used. Dependent variable: selling price of dwelling.
Independent variables: living area, type of dwelling, location, garage.
18.5.1.6.2. SPAR method
For the sub-index of existing dwellings the SPAR method is used.
18.5.1.6.3. Stratification
The sub-index of existing dwellings is currently based on 60 strata (provence X dwelling type). The sub-index of newly-built dwellings is currently based on 2 strata (4 biggest cities / rest).
18.5.2. Other processing issues
See below.
18.5.2.1. Timing for pricing
For existing: Prices are recorded when the ownership transfers from the old owner to the new one. For new: Prices are recorded at the moment of sale (contract agreement).
18.5.2.2. Treatment of VAT
VAT is included in the price of new dwellings.
18.5.2.3. Treatment of other taxes
Taxes other than VAT are not included in the price of dwellings.
18.5.2.4. Treatment of government subsidies
House owners can deduct some of the costs of buying a house and the paid interest from their income tax. This applies to all house owners in the Netherlands, therefore no specific action is taken.
18.5.2.5. Treatment of land
The data used for the compilation of the HPI, both for prices and weights, all include the underlying price of land, as recommended in the Manual.
18.5.2.6. Housing cooperatives
All dwellings sold by housing cooperatives to households are covered in the HPI. A transaction price and appraisal are available so these transactions are treated like other transactions. Transactions between housing cooperatives or from households to housing cooperatives are not covered in the HPI.
18.5.2.7. Treatment of non-market transactions
Dwellings transacted by gifts are excluded from HPI coverage since there is no actual transaction price. New dwellings which are not sold to natural persons are excluded. Also moveable dwellings, such as houseboats and mobile homes, are excluded.
18.5.2.8. Treatment of multi-object transactions
The source data only contains transactions of one property.
18.5.2.9. Treatment of fractional transactions
The source data only contains transactions of a whole property.
18.5.2.10. Outliers detection
Not applicable.
The sub-index newly-built dwellings has no outlier detection. Unrealistic data is checked and cleaned if necessary. Transactions are removed is variables used in the hedonic model are missing. After these steps we consider the data to be correct and no further outlier detection is necessary. Besides that there is a change unrealistic but correct data may be wrongly removed. Therefore outlier detection is not applicable.
For the sub-index existing dwellings all unreliable data are removed from the transaction database of the Land Registry Office and the WOZ files (valuations).
18.5.2.11. Treatment of incomplete data source coverage
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
No adjustments other than quality adjustment are applied to the HPI data.
None.
HPIs give comparable measures for changes in the prices of dwellings. They are calculated according to a harmonised approach and a single set of definitions.
HPI data for the purchases of newly built and existing dwellings are compiled on the basis of full transaction prices. The HPI covers all transactions of dwellings made by households regardless of their final use. The weights for the two sub-indices are equal to the total value of dwelling transactions for newly built and existing dwellings, respectively. Both prices and weights include land value, as recommended by the Manual.
The basic statistical unit of the HPI is dwellings in the Netherlands.
The target population is the set of all transactions of dwellings purchased by households.
For overall index and two sub-indices HPI data is available for the Netherlands as a whole and also for 12 provinces (regions defined at NUTS II level; NUTS = Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics). For the sub-index of existing dwellings data is also available for COROP-areas (regions defined at NUTS III level), the four largest cities and five object types.
Prices are collected on a quarterly basis during the whole calendar quarter.
For existing dwellings the accuracy is 100% and for newly-built dwellings about 70%. The relative share of existing dwellings in the HPI is 80-90%. HPI data collection is based on a sample survey for newly built dwellings and integral observation of existing dwellings. The types of survey, sampling, and price collection methods are designed to ensure sufficient coverage and timeliness. The accuracy of the HPIs is assured by following Eurostat’s methodological recommendations.
Index figures are available as well as quarterly and annual growth rates in percentages. Weights are given as parts in 1000 and in national currency (million euros).
See below.
See below.
Monthly for overall index of existing dwellings. Quarterly for overall index of HPI, its two sub-indices and for sub-index of existing dwellings. Annual for all HPI weights.
The national publication of the HPI is in the first week in the fourth month after the reference quarter. The national publication of the HPI for existing dwellings is around 22 days after the reference quarter.
For overall index and the two sub-indices HPI data is comparable at national level and also between NUTS II regions (12 provinces). There are no comparability problems.
The HPI is available from 2005. First an administrative source for newly built dwellings was used. From 2015 surveys are used. This improved the coverage of newly built dwellings. The HPI is chain linked annually and is comparable over time.