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National supply, use and input-output tables (naio_10_n)

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National Reference Metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS)

Compiling agency: Italian National Statistical Institute (ISTAT)

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Supply, use and input-output tables (SUIOTs) are matrices that provide a detailed picture of how goods and services are supplied and used in the economy. The system of supply and use tables (SUTs) forms the basis of national accounts for Italy. The compilation of the accounts is based on an integrated approach, where all national account aggregates are described within an integrated accounting framework, the SUTs, which permits to jointly analyse the formation process of output and the balance between resources and uses. By balancing data from various sources in a consistent framework, SUTs allow compiling a single coherent estimate of gross domestic product (GDP) based on production, expenditure, and income.

SUIOTs comprise four main types of tables:

  • Supply table: This table depicts how products (in rows) enter the economy, either through domestic production by activities or imports (in columns). The supply table also includes data on trade and transport margins as well as taxes less subsidies (in columns) to convert total supply from basic prices to purchasers' prices.
  • Use table: This table depicts how products (in rows) are used by the economy, either for intermediate consumption by activities, or for final uses (both in columns). Final uses are disaggregated into 1) final consumption expenditure by households, general government, and non-profit institutions serving households, 2) gross capital formation and 3) exports. The use table contains additional rows to show, for each activity, how gross value added is generated, distinguishing compensation of employees, other taxes less subsidies on production, consumption of fixed capital, and net operating surplus and mixed income. The use table can refer to all transactions, domestic transactions or imported products.
  • Input-output table: This table captures the supply and use of products in a single matrix, depicting either products or activities in both rows and columns. Similar to use tables, input-output tables can refer to all transactions, domestic transactions or imported products.
  • Margin tables: These tables present separately 1) trade and transport margins and 2) taxes less subsidies, by products (in rows) and activities (in columns)

The supply-use system is built upon two fundamental equations:

  • total supply = production + imports = intermediate consumption + final consumption + gross capital formation + exports = total use (This equation is satisfied for any given product category)
  • value added = production – intermediate consumption = compensation of employees + gross operating surplus and mixed income + other taxes less subsidies on production (This equation is satisfied for any given economic activity).

The SUIOTs for Italy distinguish 64 product and industry categories. Products are classified according to the statistical classification of products by activity (CPA 2.1). Activities are classified according to the statistical classification of economic activities (NACE Revision 2).

The data are presented in million euro.

The tables are compiled in line with the European System of Accounts - ESA 2010 and the related transmission programme. Italy delivers to Eurostat the SUIOTs 36 months after the end of the reference year according to the ESA 2010 transmission programme. This means that, for example, data for the year 2022 have been transmitted by 31 December 2025.

In ESA 2010, SUIOTs comprise annual and 5-yearly data transmissions, however Italy voluntarily provides all the tables on an annual basis in both current and previous year’s prices.

The national annual data dissemination includes the following tables, both in current and previous year’s prices:

Input-output tables are disseminated in current prices, both product-by-product and industry-by-industry.

  • symmetric input-output table at basic prices
  • symmetric input-output table for imports at basic prices.

All supply, use, and input-output tables produced by ISTAT are transmitted to Eurostat. 

5 January 2026

SUIOTs for Italy follow the statistical concepts and definitions of the European System of Accounts - ESA 2010 as implemented through Regulation  (EU) No 549/2013 and amended by Regulation (EU) 2023/734. 

Comprehensive explanations on concepts, data sources, compilation methods, and SUIOT applications are available in the Eurostat Manual of Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables (2008 edition) and the United Nations Handbook on Supply and Use Tables and Input-Output Tables with Extensions and Applications from 2018.

Institutional units are subdivided into Kind-of-Activity Units (KAUs), according to a specific level of the NACE Rev.2 classification. The KAUs that compose the institutional units are classified in 98 industries, derived from the aggregation of NACE Rev.2 groups. This level of aggregation represents the structure breakdown of economic activities used to estimate the supply of goods and services and corresponds to the level at which the Supply and Use Tables (SUT) for Italy are compiled (98 industries by 262 products). The identification of KAUs is based on information drawn from Statistical register, survey, and administrative information.

The statistical population encompasses all resident statistical units that contribute to the production, supply and use of goods and services each year within the Italian economy.

In the Italian national accounts the identification of resident institutional units engaged in production activities is based on information drawn from the System of statistical business registers, which covers all resident active enterprises, both private and public institutions, as well as units classified in the general government sector. In Italy, the Household sector is further subdivided into Consumer households, which act exclusively as consumers, and Producer households, which engage in production activities. This distinction makes it possible to re-aggregate the activities of all enterprises regardless of their size and legal form and, therefore, to identify the set of producers who sell goods and services on the market.

Italian national accounts aim to be comprehensive, covering all resident statistical units. This means that all resident statistical units are covered.

The reference area for national accounts is the total economy of a country. Italy's territory doesn't include the States of Vatican City and San Marino Republic, while includes Campione d'Italia, which is an Italian enclave of the Swiss Confederation.

The reference period is the calendar year.

Not available.

Data are presented in million euro for both current and previous year's prices.

Each year, the estimates of the different aggregates of the national accounts converge in a SUT framework and within this framework they are balanced.

The construction of the SUT scheme begins with the estimate of value added, output and intermediate consumption by industry of each institutional sector. The second step is the construction of the output table at basic prices. Simultaneously, matrices for imports of goods and services are defined, allowing the construction of the supply table at basic prices.

The estimate of the valuation matrices (VAT, duties, taxes on products, subsidies on products, transport and trade margins) allows transforming resources from basic prices to purchasers’ prices.

The following step is the construction of the intermediate uses matrix and an estimate of the final expenditure items valuated at purchasers’ prices.

Subtracting valuation matrices from the use table at purchasers' prices, an estimate can be obtained of the demand at basic prices that allows to check the balance between supply and demand not only at purchasers’ prices but also at basic prices.

At this point we proceed to the analysis of the imbalances of the system with a phase of identification and correction of errors and, at the end of this process, we proceed to the automatic balancing of discrepancies.

The automatic balancing is based on an extension of the method proposed by Stone, Champernowne and Meade (SCM) in 1942. This method consists in transforming the initial estimate system, which does not meet the accounting constraints, to a balanced system, which redistributes the discrepancies between the various aggregates on the basis of the degree of relative reliability assigned to the aggregates themselves based on the quality and completeness of the statistical sources, as well as the accuracy of the calculation methods used to produce the estimates. The method involves the construction of a system of constraints allowing the simultaneous balance of the accounting frameworks being part of resources and uses estimates.

The SUTs at current prices and at previous year's prices are compiled and balanced with the level of detail of 262 product groups and 98 industries. These are aggregated for the dissemination of results to 65 industries, which is the same level of detail of the published SUTs.

From the supply and use tables, ISTAT derives the product-by-product and the industry-by-industry input-output tables.

The product-by-product input-output table is based on the industry technology assumption, which assumes that each industry has its own specific way of production, irrespective of its product mix. The secondary output of each industry, and the corresponding inputs, are transferred to the column of the industry of which they are the primary product and the corresponding inputs are determined by the input structure of the origin industry.

The industry-by-industry input-output table is based on the assumption of fixed product sales structures which assumes that each product has its own specific sales structures to the intermediate and final users, irrespective of the industry where it is produced. In this case the secondary output is assumed to be sold in the same proportions to the industries and the final demand as the same product produced by the industry of which it is the primary product (the estimation methodology is consistent with  the “Eurostat Manual of Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables”).

The compilation of SUIOTs requires a variety of source data from different statistical domains, including administrative data from government statistics, censuses, trade statistics, and various surveys of businesses and households. Sources of ISTAT own production include both business surveys and household surveys, and statistical registers, which are built by integrating survey and administrative data. These are supplemented by specific administrative archives (such as some INPS archives), as well as by information drawn from external sources, both public and private.

For further information about data sources and collection methods, please refer to:

See also section 18.1 in the general metadata for the Italian national accounts.

The Italian supply, use and input-output tables are published once a year (generally in December).

In line with the ESA 2010 transmission programme, Italy transmits SUIOTs to Eurostat in December, 36 months after the end of the reference year. 

Geographical comparability of supply, use and input-output tables is ensured by the application of common definitions and concepts according to the European System of Accounts - ESA 2010.

Starting from the adoption of ESA2010, in September 2014, SUIOTs are available from 2010.

After the September 2024 benchmark revision, SUIOTs are comparable from 2020 onwards (last release December 2025) and are available in xls format on ISTAT website dedicated page (only in Italian).

SUIOT for 2015-2020, released in December 2023, are not comparable with the most recent ones and are available in xls format on ISTAT website at the page Il sistema di tavole input-output - Anni 2015-2020 (only in Italian).

SUIOT for 2010-2015 , released in January 2019, are not comparable with the most recent ones and are available in xls format on ISTAT website  at the page Sistema tavole input-output - Anni 2010-2015 (only in Italian).