Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
The quarterly data are broken down by economic activity (at section level) in accordance with NACE Rev. 2 - Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community.
2.3. Coverage - sector
All economic activities defined by NACE Rev. 2, except the activities of households as employers, public administration and defense; compulsory social security and the activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.
2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
A 'job vacancy' is defined as a paid post that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant in reference period:
for which the employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned; and
which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.
‘Active steps to find a suitable candidate’ include:
notifying the job vacancy to the public employment services,
contacting a private employment agency/head hunters,
advertising the vacancy in the media (for example internet, newspapers, magazines),
advertising the vacancy on a public notice board,
approaching, interviewing or selecting possible candidates/potential recruits directly,
approaching employees and/or personal contacts,
using internships.
'Specific period of time’ refers to the maximum time the vacancy is open and intended to be filled. That period shall be unlimited; all vacancies for which active steps are continuing on the reference date shall be reported.
An 'occupied post’ means a paid post within the organization to which an employee has been assigned.
2.5. Statistical unit
Enterprise.
2.6. Statistical population
Enterprises with one and more employees.
2.7. Reference area
The whole territory of the country.
2.8. Coverage - Time
Quarterly data from 2014Q4.
2.9. Base period
Not applicable.
3.1. Source data
Identification of the source of the data
Job Vacancy Survey
Coverage
Geographical
The whole territory of the country.
NACE
All economic activities defined by NACE Rev. 2, except the activities of households as employers, public administration and defense; compulsory social security and the activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.
In the published data, the aggregated sector data from B to S is presented excluding sector "O" – Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
Enterprise size
1+
Definition of the statistical unit
Enterprise
Remarks
-
Sampling design
Base used for the sample
Turkstat business records used for sampling frame.
Sampling design
The samples were drawn separately for enterprises in three size classes: 1-9 employees, 10-49 and 50+ employees. employees. Stratified sampling design was used, with fixed probabilities of selection in strata.
Retention/renewal of sampling units
Not applicable
Sample size
Sample consisted of 17181 units,
Disturbitions of units by size classes;
1-9 employees: 10731
10-49 employes: 3265
50+ employes: 3185
Stratification
The samples are stratified by 17 sectors and 3 size classes
Other sources
Maintenance agency
Not applicable
Updating frequency
Not applicable
Rules for clearance (of outdated information)
Not applicable
Voluntary/compulsory reporting and sanctions
Not applicable
Remarks
Not applicable
3.2. Frequency of data collection
Reference dates
The reference period was the last day of the middle month of the quarter
3.3. Data collection
Brief description of the data collection method(s)
Remarks
Data from the survey is collected through a web questionnaire.
Private login key links are shared via e-mail. The completed forms are reviewed live by the research coordinators.
3.4. Data validation
During and after the survey data is regularly is checked and corrected by our institution’s experts. In this process social security institution systems data’s are used for correction.
3.5. Data compilation
Brief description of the weighting method
Weighting dimensions
The initial design weights were equal to the reciprocals of the sampling fractions. Because of non-response these weights were corrected.
The correction took into account different reasons of unit non-response i.e. refusal, out-of-scope (for example liquidation), and lack of contact with selected units.
Answers are weighted by size of the enterprises and economic sector. No imputation was made.
3.6. Adjustment
No remarks.
4.1. Quality assurance
Statistical information is produced in compliance with the following criteria for quality: adequacy, accuracy, timeliness, punctuality, accessibility and clarity, comparability and logical consistency.
4.2. Quality management - assessment
Not applicable.
5.1. Relevance - User Needs
Description of the national users and their main needs
Remarks
Generally, main users are Turkish Employment Agency stakeholders, academicians, researchers and public (via press).
5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Extent to which the needs of national users are satisfied (voluntary)
Remarks
*In our research, all vacancies are determined on the basis of nace 2 sectors throughout the country. The media's interest our research results, and the main findings are shared with the public through the media channel. *Research institutions, academics and relevant stakeholders use our research results in their own studies.
5.3. Completeness
Description of missing variables and missing breakdowns of the variables
Report progress on the implementation measures regarding quarterly job vacancies statistics of Regulation (EC) No 453/2008, including :
a detailed plan and timetable for completing implementation;
a summary of the remaining deviations from EU concepts.
There are no missing variables or breakdowns.
The Turkish statistics on job vacancies for 2024 do not cover:
public institutions.
5.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%.
6.1. Accuracy - overall
Not applicable.
6.2. Sampling error
See below.
6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Coefficient of variation (taking into account the sampling design) or estimated sampling error for the number of job vacancies (see guidelines).
Cv - Quarter/Size
1+
1-9
10+
2024 Q1
8,29
10,52
12,93
2024 Q2
8,21
10,76
11,84
2024 Q3
8,50
12,54
11,52
2024 Q4
8,50
15,37
9,99
2024 Q1
2024 Q2
2024 Q3
2024 Q4
1+
1+
1+
1+
B to S
8,29
8,21
8,50
8,50
B
27,59
19,82
16,99
19,74
C
14,13
16,99
16,66
16,84
D
21,04
17,40
24,47
30,44
E
27,13
27,02
26,99
19,67
F
17,41
21,78
28,00
29,22
G
18,27
12,99
15,35
17,47
H
25,39
36,45
29,74
38,87
I
17,14
24,10
18,08
24,64
J
22,81
21,01
26,73
25,94
K
25,34
17,30
19,21
20,23
L
58,71
35,21
70,04
29,54
M
19,71
26,30
27,59
33,01
N
50,13
23,13
49,06
33,19
P
20,41
28,16
22,05
35,66
Q
21,51
20,93
26,49
21,99
R
51,61
23,83
46,22
16,74
S
27,40
36,28
37,09
46,16
6.3. Non-sampling error
Information on variables with non-negligible measurement and processing errors
Information on main sources of (non-negligible) measurement and processing errors and, if available, on methods applied for correction
Estimation bias: An assessment of the non-sampling errors, in terms of the absolute number of vacant posts, for the total number of job vacancies and, where possible, for aggregation level of NACE Rev. 2 specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation and size classes (1-9, 10 + employees).
Remarks
There are no missing variables or breakdowns.
Respondents to the survey may have incomplete information, especially for large enterprises. Systemic controls are carried out in possible job vacancies against this situation. Necessary interventions are made in the event that if companies stating that they do not have vacant jobs at that moment however we detect vacancies in our Institution's system.
Necessary interventions are also made in case of detection of the activity of searching vacancy on other channels other than the Agency portal, although they do not report it in the survey.
None.
*Outlier values entered into the system are examined and corrected.
6.3.1. Coverage error
Description of any difference between the reference population and the study population
Description of classification errors
Description of any difference between the reference dates and the reference quarter
Any other relevant information
Source of the survey data is TurkStat's business registration system. The incoming data is verified by the Ministry of Treasury and Finance and Social Security Instutions. There may be inconsistency between the size of the enterprises in the sample and the number of employees collected within the scope of the research.
Sector information in the incoming sample and the actual sector information may rarely differ. In some cases, the business may change the sector during the year. In these cases, the data is not included in the calculations and data is defined as “out of scope”.
Not available
6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
6.3.2. Measurement error
At the beginning of each quarter, the survey screens are checked for errors. All necessary studies are carried out so that users can easily understand and answer each questions easily. In addition, given answers are checked with the SPSS Datamodeller tool against for abnormalities. During this check process given answers are examined by considering enterprises sector and size. In case of any anomaly detection, the situation is reported to the research coordinators working in the local units necessary corrections are made, if any.
6.3.3. Non response error
At the local level, job and vocational counselors make special efforts to ensure that all enterprises in the sample respond to the jvs questionnaires. In addition, if the information or documents requested by our Institution are not delivered in given time, our local units may impose administrative fines on enterprises.
6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Unit response rate
Avarage non-response rate: 16,2%
6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
All fields in the survey screen are mandatory. It is not possible to progress and save until all fields are filled.
6.3.4. Processing error
See 6.3.
6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate
Item imputation rate and methods and, where possible, the effect of imputation on the estimates for the variables transmitted
No imputation.
6.3.5. Model assumption error
If modelling is used, include a description of the models used. Particular emphasis should be given to models for imputation or grossing-up to correct for unit non-response.
Not applicable.
6.4. Seasonal adjustment
Brief description of seasonal adjustment procedures, in particular with regard to the European Statistical System guidelines on seasonal adjustment which have been endorsed and supported by the SPC.
There is no study for seasonal adjustment.
6.5. Data revision - policy
Not applicable.
6.6. Data revision - practice
Provide a revision history, including the revisions in the published number of job vacancies and a summary of the reasons for the revisions.
JVS statistics at the level of 10+ employees are announced as of the fourth quarter of 2014. A methodology change was made in the first quarter of 2021. After the methodology change research scope exceeded to the level of 1+ employees
6.6.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
7.1. Timeliness
The first publication of results (ISKUR official website) – within 15 days after the end of the reference quarter.
Results are published within 45 days after the research is completed.
7.1.1. Time lag - first result
Information on the time span between the release of data at national level and the reference period of the data.
See 7.1.2.
7.1.2. Time lag - final result
Results are published within 15 days after the end of the reference quarter.
7.2. Punctuality
Data are published in full accordance with the given timelines.
7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Deadlines for the respondents to reply, also covering recalls and follow-ups
Period of the fieldwork
Period of data processing
Dates of publication of first results
Remarks
The last day of the middle month of the reference period.
2 weeks
After the research fieldwork is completed, the data are processed within 30 days.
45 days from the end of the reference period.
8.1. Comparability - geographical
Information on differences between national and European concepts, and — to the extent possible — their effects on the estimation.
National and European concepts are the same. However national research does not cover public sector.
8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Results are only published for the in country level there are no geographical distinction is made between regions.
8.2. Comparability - over time
Information on changes in definitions, coverage and methods in any two consecutive quarters, and their effects on the estimation.
Remarks
Methodology change was made in 2021. Before 2021 data was collected from enterprises who has 10+ employees. After 2021 results are available for enterprises 1+ employee level.
8.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Data is comparable 10+ employee level form 2014 Q4. Due to methodology change was made in 2021 results are available and comparable 1+ employee level form 2021 Q1.
8.3. Coherence - cross domain
Comparisons of data on the number of vacant jobs from other relevant sources when available, in total and broken down by NACE at section level when relevant, and reasons if the values differ considerably.
Social Security Intuitions administrative records (for occupied post), ISKUR current job vacancy statistics and turkstat datas are used for comparison.
8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
8.5. Coherence - National Accounts
See 8.3.
8.6. Coherence - internal
Not applicable.
9.1. Dissemination format - News release
The news releases for JVS are published for each quarter in accordance with the given timetable. See the Iskur website.
9.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Dissemination scheme, including to whom the results are sent
Periodicity of national publication
References for publications of core results, including those with commentary in the form of text, graphs, maps, etc.
Information on what results, if any, are sent to reporting units included in the sample
The results are shared with public.
Quarterly
The results are available on ISKUR website. See the Iskur website.
Not applicable
9.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not applicable.
9.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not available.
9.5. Dissemination format - other
Not applicable.
9.6. Documentation on methodology
The methodological explanations are available on the website of ISKUR.
9.7. Quality management - documentation
Description of and references for metadata provided
References for core methodological documents relating to the statistics provided
Description of main actions carried out by the national statistical services to inform users about the data
Remarks
Not available
Not available
Not available
9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not applicable.
9.7.2. Metadata - consultations
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
11.1. Confidentiality - policy
Enterprises are informed that the data collected from them is collected only for statistical studies and the confidentiality of data is protected within the scope of the Turkish Employment Agency Law and the law on the protection of personal data.
11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Disclosure rules: Brief description of when data have to be deleted for reasons of confidentiality
A 'job vacancy' is defined as a paid post that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant in reference period:
for which the employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned; and
which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.
‘Active steps to find a suitable candidate’ include:
notifying the job vacancy to the public employment services,
contacting a private employment agency/head hunters,
advertising the vacancy in the media (for example internet, newspapers, magazines),
advertising the vacancy on a public notice board,
approaching, interviewing or selecting possible candidates/potential recruits directly,
approaching employees and/or personal contacts,
using internships.
'Specific period of time’ refers to the maximum time the vacancy is open and intended to be filled. That period shall be unlimited; all vacancies for which active steps are continuing on the reference date shall be reported.
An 'occupied post’ means a paid post within the organization to which an employee has been assigned.
Enterprise.
Enterprises with one and more employees.
The whole territory of the country.
Not Applicable
Not applicable.
Not Applicable
Brief description of the weighting method
Weighting dimensions
The initial design weights were equal to the reciprocals of the sampling fractions. Because of non-response these weights were corrected.
The correction took into account different reasons of unit non-response i.e. refusal, out-of-scope (for example liquidation), and lack of contact with selected units.
Answers are weighted by size of the enterprises and economic sector. No imputation was made.
Identification of the source of the data
Job Vacancy Survey
Coverage
Geographical
The whole territory of the country.
NACE
All economic activities defined by NACE Rev. 2, except the activities of households as employers, public administration and defense; compulsory social security and the activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies.
In the published data, the aggregated sector data from B to S is presented excluding sector "O" – Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
Enterprise size
1+
Definition of the statistical unit
Enterprise
Remarks
-
Sampling design
Base used for the sample
Turkstat business records used for sampling frame.
Sampling design
The samples were drawn separately for enterprises in three size classes: 1-9 employees, 10-49 and 50+ employees. employees. Stratified sampling design was used, with fixed probabilities of selection in strata.
Retention/renewal of sampling units
Not applicable
Sample size
Sample consisted of 17181 units,
Disturbitions of units by size classes;
1-9 employees: 10731
10-49 employes: 3265
50+ employes: 3185
Stratification
The samples are stratified by 17 sectors and 3 size classes
Other sources
Maintenance agency
Not applicable
Updating frequency
Not applicable
Rules for clearance (of outdated information)
Not applicable
Voluntary/compulsory reporting and sanctions
Not applicable
Remarks
Not applicable
Not Applicable
The first publication of results (ISKUR official website) – within 15 days after the end of the reference quarter.
Results are published within 45 days after the research is completed.
Information on differences between national and European concepts, and — to the extent possible — their effects on the estimation.
National and European concepts are the same. However national research does not cover public sector.
Information on changes in definitions, coverage and methods in any two consecutive quarters, and their effects on the estimation.
Remarks
Methodology change was made in 2021. Before 2021 data was collected from enterprises who has 10+ employees. After 2021 results are available for enterprises 1+ employee level.
