1.1. Contact organisation
Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
HCSO Services Statistics Department
1.3. Contact name
Restricted from publication1.4. Contact person function
Restricted from publication1.5. Contact mail address
Hungarian Central Statistical Office
(Központi Statisztikai Hivatal)
Keleti Károly utca 5-7.
H-10240
Budapest
Hungary
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication1.8. Contact fax number
Restricted from publication2.1. Metadata last certified
13 December 20242.2. Metadata last posted
13 December 20242.3. Metadata last update
13 December 20243.1. Data description
The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In Hungary, it has been conducted since 2005.
In 2024, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government and e-commerce, internet of things, as well as green ICT.
3.1.1. Survey name in national and English languages
National language: Felmérés a háztartások és az egyének információs és kommunikációs technológiai (IKT) eszköz használatáról, 2024.
English: Survey on the Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Households and by Individuals 2024.
Questionnaire(s) in national language(s) and the translation in English are available in the Annexes below.
3.2. Classification system
The above nomenclatures were used in the national questionnaire. No other nomenclatures were used. The following common concepts and definitions apply under the Integrated European Social Statistics (IESS):
- the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 published in the following breakdowns: low (ISCED levels 0-2: no formal education, primary education or lower secondary education), medium (ISCED levels 3-4: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education) and high (ISCED levels 5-6: tertiary programmes which normally need a successful completion of ISCED 3 or 4, or second-stage tertiary education leading to an advanced research qualification);
- the International Standard Classification for Occupation ISCO-08 at the 2-digit level;
- the Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev.2-2008), at section level;
- the Common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS 1) – finer granularity of NUTS 2 is provided on optional basis by some Member States;
- the SCL – Geographical code list;
- information about household income is provided at lower level of detail.
Additional classifications used in the national questionnaire: The above nomenclatures were used in the national questionnaire. No other nomenclatures were used.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The ICT survey in households and by individuals covers those households having at least one member in the age group 16 to 74 years old. Internet access of households refers to the percentage of households that have an internet access, so that anyone in the household could use the internet.
3.3.1. Differences in scope at national level
There are no differences in scope at national level.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey.
This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of internet, e-government, e-commerce, internet of things and green ICT) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.
For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year. (It's attached in Annex 3.)
Deviations from standard ICT concepts: There are no deviations from the ICT concepts and definitions.
3.5. Statistical unit
Households and Individuals
3.6. Statistical population
In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:
- individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74;
- households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74.
Target population composed of households and/or individuals:
- Number of households: 3659862
- Number of individuals: 7193513
3.6.1. Non-compulsory age groups
Non-compulsory age groups also included in the target population:
| No | Yes | Age scope | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals younger than 16? | X | ||
| Individuals older than 74? | X |
3.6.2. Population not covered by the data collection
| Non-target population (the difference between the total population and the target population) | Households | Individuals |
|---|---|---|
| Approximate number of units outside the general scope of the survey (for example individuals younger than 16 or older than 74; households with all members over 74 years old). | 421817 | 2304251 |
| Estimate of the resulting percentage of under-coverage (non-covered population compared to the total country), if applicable | 0.6% |
3.7. Reference area
The whole territory of Hungary is covered.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Year 2024
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’
For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government refer to the 'last year' before the interview.
Deviation from this statement: There are no deviations from this assertion.
5.1. Survey period
The survey period was from 04 April to 30 June 2024.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The legal basis for the 2024 EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is the Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples (OJ L 261 I, 14 October 2019, p. 1), as implemented by the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1484 of 18 July 2023 specifying the technical items of the data set, establishing the technical formats for transmission of information and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the use of information and communication technologies domain for reference year 2024 in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 182, 19 July 2023, pp. 100-149) and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the number and titles of the variables for the use of information and communication technologies statistics domain for the reference year 2024 (OJ L 233, 21 September 2023).
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals: Art No. CLV of 2016 on Official Statistics.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not applicable.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
1) Official statistical activity is regulated by Act CLV of 2016 on Official Statistics entered into force on 1 January 2017 and by Government Decree 184/2017. (VII. 5.) issued for the implementation of this law.
2) Law CXII of 2011 on the right to self-determination as regards information and freedom of information.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidentiality policy of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (highlighting some principles):
- confidential data management
- protection of personal data
- publicity of statistical data
- prohibition of disclosure of individual-level information
- regulated data protection
In addition to the general data protection information, the household ICT survey has its own data management information (document in Hungarian only): The first name of the person selected to answer is recorded, the full name will not be recorded.
8.1. Release calendar
The target date is January of the survey followed year.
8.2. Release calendar access
The results of the survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals for the year 2024 will be available on the HCSO website under the STADAT-tables by the end of December 2024 and under HCSO's Dissemination database by the end of January 2025.
Tables (STADAT) in 2024: Publication and revision calendar (A KSH kiadványkatalógusa)
Dissemination database: (KSH Statinfo v40 | Theme selection)
Publication: Helyzetkép, 2023 – Digitális társadalom (Kiadványtár - Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (ksh.hu); Publication Repertory - Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu))
Data for 2024 will be published in a separate analyzing publication in the first half of 2025.
The results will be available furthermore in the Statistical Pocket Book in May 2025, in the Statistical Year Book in September 2025 and in the Regional Statistical Year Book of Hungary in second half of 2025.
8.3. Release policy - user access
In line with the Community legal framework and the Eurostat Statistics Code of Practice HCSO disseminates ICT data on HCSO's website respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The detailed arrangements are governed by the Hungarian protocol on impartial access to national data for users: Dissemination Policy
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
- Online news releases to specific occasions (eg. Internet day): Word internet day – 18 May (ksh.hu).
- Data visualisations: Internet usage in Hungary is expanding (ksh.hu).
- Data visualisations:Black Friday, 2018 (ksh.hu).
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
A detailed publication based on the results of the 2024 survey is expected to be available in the first half of 2025.
Detailed, analytical publications published annually (Digital society) are available on HCSO's website, which are accessible through the following links:
- Helyzetkép, 2022 - Digitális társadalom Kiadványtár - Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (ksh.hu)
- Helyzetkép, 2023- Digitális társadalom: Snapshots, 2023 – Digital society Snapshots | 2023 (ksh.hu)
- The results will be available furthermore in the Statistical Pocket Book in May 2025, in the Statistical Year Book in September 2025 and in the Regional Statistical Year Book of Hungary in second half of 2025.
- Magyar Statisztikai Zsebkönyv, 2023; in English: Statistical Pocketbook of Hungary, 2023 Publication Repertory - Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu)
- Magyar Statisztikai Évkönyv, 2023; in English: Statistical Yearbook of Hungary, 2023 Publication Repertory - Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu)
- Magyarország, 2023; in English: Hungary,2023 Publication Repertory - Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu)
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
The aggregated results presented on HCSO's website grouped thematically and organized in static (ready-made) tables, which are accessible through the following link:
The comprehensive collection of completed tables (STADAT): “Information, communication”
12.1.1.14. Proportion of households, according to the type of internet connections
12.1.1.16. Distribution of internet usage frequency [%]
12.1.1.17. The proportion of internet buyers, according the last date of buying [%]
12.1.1.18. Use of e-government websites by level of usage of e-administration [%]
Indicators of ICT usage in households and by individuals by region (2017-2024);
Indicators of ICT usage by individuals according to the age-group (2017-2024);
Indicators of ICT usage by individuals according to the age-group (2017-2024).
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not obtainable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Secure access to microdata files for researchers from 2008 onwards is currently being planned (in the Safe Centre Access in HCSO)
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not requested.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not obtainable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The “Metainformation/Statistical domain” (Concepts and definitions, Classifications, Data sources, Data collections) for ICT usage statistics are available on HCSO's website, which is accessible through the following link: Metainformation/Statistical domain
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
100%
10.7. Quality management - documentation
The QUALITY GUIDELINES for the statistical processes of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office is available on HCSO's website, which is accessible through the following link: Quality guidelines
The Quality policy of HCSO is available on HCSO'S website, which is accessible through the following link: Quality policy
11.1. Quality assurance
In general HCSO also has to make Quality Reports for all statistical domains and make effort to improve quality of data collections and data itself.
The main principles for HCSO's quality policy is available on the website: Policies, guidelines – Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu)
The national survey’s questionnaire is based on the Model Questionnaire (MQ) unified by Eurostat. By applying this questionnaire, the HCSO ensures the possibility of the comparison of the results of the survey on European level. The guidelines of the Methodological manual of Eurostat (Methodological Manual HH2024) are also used for compiling the content of the Hungarian questionnaire and the detailed guide. In addition, during the planning of the Hungarian survey and the different stages of the implementation process, the “Quality Guidelines for the Statistical Process of the HCSO” compiled by HCSO are applied in order to ensure compliance with the requirements defined by Eurostat.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
- From 2015 face-to-face interview was implemented (supported by laptops) during which the interviewers record the data of the questionnaire on the location. The recording software verifies the data input and indicates warnings about the incidental errors.
- From 2015 it is a personal interview aided by laptop/tablet (CAPI), carried out by the interviewer. Between 2015 and 2019 face-to-face interviews tablet aided (CAPI). From 2020 the HCSO was applied a combination of techniques: web based survey (CAWI), face-to-face interviews (CAPI) and telephone interviews (CATI).
- The method of filling in the questionnaire can be chosen by the data provider.
In the survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals 2020 quite a new sample design is introduced. The new frame is the population registry.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The main user of data on ICT usage is EUROSTAT. Other data users are the OECD, the ITU, the Ministry of Interior, several other national government establishments, other decision-makers, under- and postgraduate students, members of the educational and academic sphere, researchers, and the media. Data are published in the EUROSTAT database and are updated yearly.
At European level, the European Commission’s entities (e.g. DG CNECT, DG REGIO, etc.) are the principal users of the data on ICT usage by households and by individuals. Therefore, the main users are consulted regularly (at task forces and ad hoc meetings) on their needs and are involved in the process of the development of the Model Questionnaire from a very early stage.
Users’ needs are considered throughout the whole development process of the Model Questionnaire aiming to provide relevant statistical data for monitoring and benchmarking of European policies.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
1. National Statistics Code of Practice: 3. User orientation
12.3. Completeness
All of the variables required for transmission have been included in the microdata.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The sample design and weighting scheme perform well in general, the net effective sample size is larger by far than required. Non-response rate may indicate some risk of bias which was intended to get reduced by weigh adjustment.
13.2. Sampling error
Jackknife method were applied taking stratification, clustered nature of sample, systematic selection of individuals, rotation, weighting and calibration effects into account. SAS program was used.
Reference: Wolter, Kirk M.: Introduction to Variance Estimation, Springer, 2007
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Precision estimates for the question "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”):
Number of respondents (absolute value for ‘Yes’ answers): 4146
Estimated proportion (in %): 74.18%
Standard error (in percentage points): 0.57
Details of the breakdowns are available in document "Standard errors-Mandatory-Optional questions_HU-2024" in the Annexes below.
13.3. Non-sampling error
See more details on non-sampling error below.
13.3.1. Coverage error
The frame is the population register (individuals with registered address) which is continuously updated. For the selection of new wave the frame of January in 2024 was used. Over-coverage is ~3.4% (moved abroad, institution, dead), the under-coverage is ~0.6% (individuals with no registered address).
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
3.4%
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested in the ICT survey.
13.3.2. Measurement error
- Measurement errors: In some cases it was revealed during the data processing that the person who responded to the questions during the survey was not the individual who had been selected from the sample. Of course, these persons provided their own names when they responded to the questions. These types of errors were detected during the verification of the received data. These personal questionnaires were archived and were not taken into account during the data processing.
- Questionnaire design and testing: The questionnaire of the survey will be created in the MAJA IT system. Information windows will be inserted into the questionnaire with explanations for all modules and all questions to assist the designated person in completing the form. The logic-checks were included in the web-based questionnaires to be completed by data providers and they were also available on the devices used by interviewers. Based on the results of the built-in logic checks, the respondent or the interviewer shall correct the errors before submitting the questionnaire.
- Interviewer training: The HCSO prepares a detailed guide for the interviewers (in printed form and in Word format) and makes available another educational material (in .ppt format for internet use) to the interviewers. This latter material describes the different tasks to be performed in connection with the survey and it provides the professional knowledge related to the content of the questionnaire. Before the interviewers could start their activity, they are going to receive an online educational material prepared for this purpose and the HCSO will also provide additional consultation opportunities. After the training period, the interviewers shall answer test questions to provide feedback on their knowledge gained by going through the educational material.
- Proxy interview rates: No proxy interviews are used.
13.3.3. Non response error
Information about non-respondents: The overall unit non-response rate is 0.51. Non-respondents can be characterised by area, dwelling unit and individual level data available from sampling frame. The remarkable characteristics are below.
Capital Budapest (region HU11) is subject to non-response the most (63%). The other central region (HU12) is also above the average by far with response rate 58%. Other regions are below the average, especially on the East. Besides, it can be stated that the more developed or more urbanized the area is, the higher the non-response rate is. As for individual level, males (48%) and the younger (~ 43%) are harder to reach. Within panel subsample, the movers and former non-respondents are definitely harder to follow or reach.
Non-response rate may indicate some risk of bias which was intended to get reduced by weigh adjustment involving variables related to non-response mentioned above (see 13.3.3.1.2).
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
The unit non-response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope non-respondents (= number of rejected interviews) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame.
Unit non-response rate for
- Households: Not applicable
- Individuals (aged 16-74): 0.51
13.3.3.1.1. Unit non-response – sample sizes
| Number of households | Number of individuals (aged 16-74) |
Number of individuals (< 16) |
Number of individuals (> 74) |
|
| Gross sample [A]The number of households/individuals initially selected from the sampling frame (if not applicable, indicate why below the table) | 12010 | |||
| Ineligible: out-of-scope [B] For example, when a selected household is not in the target population because all members are over 75 years old or when no dwelling exists at the selected address, or a selected individual has died between the reference data of the sampling frame at the moment of the interview. | 219 | |||
| Number of eligible elements [C]Gross sample size corrected of the ineligible cases | 11791 | |||
| Net sample size or final sample [D]The net sample size (or final sample) corresponds to the number of households/individuals that can be used in the final database. | 5800 | |||
| Unit response rate [E] = [D] / [C]The unit response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope respondents (= the number of achieved interviews or the net sample size) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame. | 0.49 |
Comments, if any:
13.3.3.1.2. Unit non-response – methods, minimization and substitution
1) Methods used for dealing with unit non-response: Unit non-response was handled with weighting. Response propensity was estimated by logistic regression with covariates correlated with both response and the main objective variable: gender and age as individual level variables; household size as dwelling unit level variable; type of locality, degree of urbanisation, size of locality, average taxable income per capita, population % of employed, of unemployed and of with tertiary educational attainment level as PSU level variables. To compensate unit non-response in the panel subsample (that is panel attrition) target variable of ICT usage from previous year was also involved.
2) Methods used for minimizing unit non-response:
- Invitation letters were sent to the persons selected for the sample.
- In the first phase of the data-recording period gift vouchers were sent to some respondents raffled from those persons who completed the questionnaire via Internet within the frame of the online self-completion process.
- On the 13th day after the recording started, the HCSO sent a reminder via e-mail or by post to those who had not yet completed the questionnaire.
- In the second and third phases of the recording, the interviewers contacted via telephone or personally those persons who had not completed the questionnaire in the first phase via Internet. In the second phase of the data collection, gift vouchers were offered to those who responded to the interviewers.
3) Substitution permitted: No proxy interviews or substitution was allowed.
4) Substitution rate (in %): 0%, no proxy interviews or substitution was allowed.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Items with low response rates (observed rates in %): It is not relevant.
13.3.4. Processing error
It is not relevant.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
Date of data dissemination at national level: The first data transmission was in time, actually 19 days before the target date. The data of the 2024 survey the HCSO published on 19 December 2024. (Within 25 weeks of the end of the survey).
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Restricted from publication14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Restricted from publication14.2. Punctuality
19 days before the target date.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
19 days before the target date. There were no delays in the transmission of the data in relation to the deadline set by the Regulation (EU 2019/1700).
15.1. Comparability - geographical
There is no problem of comparability across the country’s regions.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not relevant
15.2. Comparability - over time
Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time:
Data collection started in 2005. It has a regulatory background since the data collection year 2006, thus the survey is collected based on a unified methodology. Main indicators have time series from 2005 (indicators coming from the permanent modules). There are permanent modules (internet use, use of e-government, use of e-commerce) and there are ad hoc modules (eg. digital skills) that are not included in the questionnaire every year. The data collected and processed according to the unified methodology can be compared to the results of the previous years until the survey completed in 2019. Due to above methodological changes data of the 2020 survey have a limited comparability with the previous years' data.
However the data collected in 2024 is comparable with data collected in 2023, in 2022, in 2021, in 2020.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and variable considered within each of the modules of the survey.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
All statistics are coherent within the dataset provided by the country.
15.4.1. Survey questionnaire – mandatory questions
MANDATORY questions in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024:
Table 15.4.1. of document "Standard errors-Mandatory-Optional questions_HU-2024" in the Annexes lists the questions for which the coverage of subjects and characteristics reflected in the national questionnaire differs from Annex 2 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1797 of 7 July 2023.
15.4.2. Survey questionnaire – optional questions
Adoption of OPTIONAL questions and items in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024:
Table 15.4.2. of document "Standard errors-Mandatory-Optional questions_HU-2024" in the Annexes lists the optional questions from the annual Eurostat model questionnaire 2024 included in the national questionnaire and their coverage for age groups beyond the standard scope.
15.4.3. Survey questionnaire – additional questions at national level
Table 15.4.3. of document "Standard errors-Mandatory-Optional questions_HU-2024" in the Annexes lists in the additional national variables and questions that were included in the national questionnaire but not to the Eurostat model questionnaire 2024.
Additional questions introduced in the national questionnaire in 2024:
Basic information 11. Do you use a cell phone?
Basic information 13. Do you use the Internet children under the age of 16?** (**THE LAST LINE ONLY APPLIES TO CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 16.)
A2. What types of internet connections are used at home?
a) Fixed broadband connections, e.g. DSL, ADSL, VDSL, cable, optical fibre, satellite, Wi-Fi
b) Mobile broadband connections (via mobile phone network, at least 3G, e.g. UMTS, using (SIM) card or USB key, mobile phone or smart phone as modem)
A3. What are the reasons why your household does not have internet access?
a) We have access to the internet elsewhere.
b) We don't need it (we don't find it useful, we don't want it, etc.).
c) The equipment is too expensive the connection and usage costs are high.
d) We lack the IT skills and knowledge to operate it.
e) We have data protection, security concerns.
f) Internet is not available in our area.
g) Other reasons.
B1.1. What were the reasons for not using the internet in the first quarter 2024a) I had no access to the internet anywhere during this period
b) I did not need it during this period
c) I lack IT skills and knowledge.
d) Because of privacy, security concerns
e) Because of health concerns
f) Costs of the internet connection or equipment too high
g) I do not trust information from the Internet.
h) I am afraid of online harassment or have been harassed online in the past.
i) Other
B1.2. Why have you never used the internet? (tick all that apply)
a) I have never had access to the internet.
b) I never needed it.
c) I lack IT skills and knowledge.
d) Because of privacy, security concerns.
e) Because of my health problems.
f) Equipment is too expensive, high subscription and usage costs.
g) I do not trust information from the Internet.
h) I am afraid of online harassment or have been harassed online in the past.
i) Other
B2.1 How much time did you spend on average a day with surfing the Internet? Please give it in hours! (tick one)
B3. Extended response options in the national questionnaire:
r1) Using a smart watch or other digital device to track key physiological indicators
s2) Purchase products or services online through a website or app
t1) Use of independent internet financial service (Fintech) (e.g. Paypal, Revolut, Barion, PayU, etc.)
t2) Use of job search and social work services
B9. How often did you use the Internet for telecommuting (home office) in the first quarter 2024?
B10. How often have you used mobile internet in general in the first quarter 2024?
C7.1 Which of the following services do you use for private purposes?
a) Online tax return
b) Ügyfélkapu (Digital gateway)
c) SzüF
d) Highway sticker shopping online
e) Parking online
f) Neptun / eKréta/ e-Felvételi (www.felvi.hu) / KIFIR (kifir2.kir.hu) g) nyilvantarto.hu
h) e-bejelentő (e-bejelentő.gov.hu)
i) e-papír (epapir.gov.hu)
j) Rendelkezési nyilvántartás (rendelkezes.gov.hu)
k) Elektronikus Fizetési és Elszámolási Rendszer (EFER)"
C8. f) I have encountered technical problems when checking, amending or approving a tax return online from the NAV.
D6.1 When you buy a good or service online, from a browser, or through an app, which of the following payment options do you use?
a) cash on delivery
b) by bank transfer
c) by online credit card payment
d) through a banking application
e) via an independent application (e.g. Paypal)
f) other (e.g. in cash for personal collection)"
GY1 ICT use by children under 16 living in the household
Which of the following activities were carried out by children under 16 living in the household in the first quarter 2024?
a) use of educational, development software
b) use of online games
c) watching online video content, television programmes available on the Internet
d) use of social networking sites
e) using internet-related tools and games (e.g. robot toys, dolls, drones)
(f) using word processing, spreadsheet, presentation or other image, video or music editing software
(g) writing code in a programming language
GY2 How did adults in your household monitor online content consumption by children under 16 in the first quarter 2024?
a) By limiting the time spent in front of the screen.
b) Using child protection filtering software to monitor their Internet use.
c) Talking to children about the dangers of online content consumption (e.g. online bullying).
d) Allowing children to use the Internet only with an adult or in the presence of an adult.
e) Checking afterwards which links children clicked on (e.g. in the history of the internet browser application).
f) Children's online content consumption was not monitored due to the lack of IT skills of adult household members.
g) Children's online content consumption was not monitored because it was not considered necessary.
Details of the questions are in document "Standard errors-Mandatory-Optional questions_HU-2024" in the Annexes below.
15.4.4. Survey questionnaire – deviations
Effects of deviations from the routing used in the Eurostat model questionnaire: All statistics are coherent within the dataset.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Revision policy/practice: Validated data are transmitted and published.
1. Scheduled revision
1.1 Routine revision: there is no routine (regular) revision
1.2 Major revision: between 2006 and 2014 none occurred, one took place in 2015.
HCSO used the population number formed and updated on the basis of the 2001 census as key figure for the population surveys, among them for grossing up the voluntary data collection OSAP 2003 Survey on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in households and individuals. However the key figures formed from the 2011 census by 1 October 2011, used for population surveys differed from the updated population number, making the reweighting, revision of the population censuses. The revision included all regular population related data collections for the publication period from October 2011. A new key figure system has been completed for the 2006 - 2011 period considering the 2011 census and showing a corrected population number; with the help of this tool the population sampling had to be reweighted for this timeframe. Based on the major revision of the HCSO population data collection, data published in 2015 had been grossed up and re-processed based on the new key figures as per the 2011 census.
2. Non scheduled revisions: Data revisions not announced in advance occur only in exceptional cases namely if any unforeseeable event (data error, technical problem, etc.) makes the revision of data necessary. Last year there was no non-scheduled revision in this statistical domain.
17.2. Data revision - practice
The Data revision policy of HCSO is available on the HCSO's website, which is accessible through the following link: Data revision policy of HCSO (ksh.hu).
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not relevant
18.1. Source data
The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.
18.1.1. Sampling frame
Registry of settlements at the 1st stage. Population registry restricted to individuals aged 16-74 at the 2nd stage. The percentage of invalid addresses, movers and other frame errors may be over 10%. This can be handled with effective field work (follow-up) and the possibility of CAWI. The survey is stand-alone and voluntary. The frame is continuously updated. The time lag between last update and data collection was four months.
18.1.2. Sampling design
ICT sample is a stratified two-stage probability sample of individuals.
PSUs are localities. In the population of smaller towns or villages settlements are stratified by NUTS2 regions, size, average taxable income per capita (tax office) and population with tertiary educational level (census). In the population of larger towns each town is a stratum of its own. They are self-representing towns. PSUs are selected with pps method.
Individuals are selected within PSUs with systematic random selection method from a list sorted by date of birth.
ICT sample has a ¼ rotational pattern.
18.1.3. Net effective sample size
Restricted from publication18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual
18.3. Data collection
Methods used to gather data: the recording period was divided into 2 parts as follows:
- Only CAWI
- Combination of techniques: CAWI, CAPI, CATI;
Short description of the survey method: From 2015 it is a personal interview aided by laptop/tablet (CAPI), carried out by the interviewer. Between 2015 and 2019 face-to-face interviews laptop/tablet aided (CAPI). From 2020 web based survey (CAWI), face-to-face interviews (CAPI) and telephone interviews (CATI).
In 2024:
- CAWI: 32.6% (The CAWI cannot be stated if IF<>1 (individual has not used the internet in the last 3 months), but in Hungary, individual, who not used the internet in the last 3 months can submit the questionnaire online (CAWI) with the help of relatives, friends or other external helpers. Such questionnaires account for 0.41%. We also ask about the type of person helping on the questionnaire: relative, friend or other social helper.)
- CAPI: 24.5%
- CATI: 42.9%
Total: 100%
Variables completed from an external source:
- The date of birth of the person;
- Address (Name of settlement, and the districts of Budapest, name of street, street-number).
18.4. Data validation
Hungary validates the data according to the standards provided by Eurostat. At electronic data collections the questionnaire’s basic connections are built in the data collection instrument, the data provider has to correct errors prior to sending in the questionnaire. In the framework of the sub-process takes place the coding and registration of reasons for missing questionnaires or data receptions. For eliminating errors in microdata, there are validation rules built in the data entry and processing system. The result of the survey is logically analysed by age, regions and other indicators by experts of HCSO. Statistical analysis is carried out based on the general and specific indicators.
18.5. Data compilation
Unit non-response is handled with weighting and calibration. For the treatment of unit non-response we had broader possibilities with new frame with gender, age and household composition being available for weight adjustment. Besides, other area level auxiliary variables were used just as before. Calibration was made with iterative raking.
In case of the household's net monthly income the data of a randomly chosen household having the same socio-demographic characteristics will be imputed.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
For the target indicator "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”): It is not relevant.
In case of the household’s net monthly income the data of a randomly chosen household having the same socio-demographic characteristics was imputed.
Imputation rate (% of observations): 19.1%
Imputation rate (share of estimate): 19.8%
18.5.2. Use of imputation methods
Methods used to impute item non-response: Deterministic imputation: Donor
18.5.3. Grossing-up procedures
Grossing up procedures have been applied to Individuals and/or Households: Individuals and Households
Description of the weighting procedures:
Households:
- Generalised weight share method applied to the final individual weight provided the input weight for household level calibration. Iterative raking method was used with the following controls at NUTS2 level:
- population by gender and age (16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30,34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74);
- 16-74 population by degree of urbanisation;
- 16-74 population in household of size 1 (estimated from LFS);
- number of households in scope (estimated from LFS);
- Final household weights were bounded with the interval (200, 3000).
Individuals:
Design weights were given by sample design.
First adjustment was the weighting for non-response (see 13.3.3.1.2.).
The adjusted weights were then calibrated to population counts with iterative raking. The following constraints were used at NUTS2 level:
- population by gender and age (16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30,34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74);
- 16-74 population by degree of urbanisation;
- 16-74 population in household of size 1 (estimated from LFS).
- Final individual weights were bounded with the interval (360, 3600).
18.6. Adjustment
Not relevant
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not relevant
The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In Hungary, it has been conducted since 2005.
In 2024, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government and e-commerce, internet of things, as well as green ICT.
The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey.
This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of internet, e-government, e-commerce, internet of things and green ICT) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.
For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year. (It's attached in Annex 3.)
Deviations from standard ICT concepts: There are no deviations from the ICT concepts and definitions.
Households and Individuals
In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:
- individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74;
- households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74.
Target population composed of households and/or individuals:
- Number of households: 3659862
- Number of individuals: 7193513
The whole territory of Hungary is covered.
For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government refer to the 'last year' before the interview.
Deviation from this statement: There are no deviations from this assertion.
The sample design and weighting scheme perform well in general, the net effective sample size is larger by far than required. Non-response rate may indicate some risk of bias which was intended to get reduced by weigh adjustment.
Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’
Unit non-response is handled with weighting and calibration. For the treatment of unit non-response we had broader possibilities with new frame with gender, age and household composition being available for weight adjustment. Besides, other area level auxiliary variables were used just as before. Calibration was made with iterative raking.
In case of the household's net monthly income the data of a randomly chosen household having the same socio-demographic characteristics will be imputed.
The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.
Annual
Date of data dissemination at national level: The first data transmission was in time, actually 19 days before the target date. The data of the 2024 survey the HCSO published on 19 December 2024. (Within 25 weeks of the end of the survey).
There is no problem of comparability across the country’s regions.
Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time:
Data collection started in 2005. It has a regulatory background since the data collection year 2006, thus the survey is collected based on a unified methodology. Main indicators have time series from 2005 (indicators coming from the permanent modules). There are permanent modules (internet use, use of e-government, use of e-commerce) and there are ad hoc modules (eg. digital skills) that are not included in the questionnaire every year. The data collected and processed according to the unified methodology can be compared to the results of the previous years until the survey completed in 2019. Due to above methodological changes data of the 2020 survey have a limited comparability with the previous years' data.
However the data collected in 2024 is comparable with data collected in 2023, in 2022, in 2021, in 2020.