Dares - French Ministry of Labour

Département CTS

39-43, quai André-Citroën 75902 Paris Cedex 15

The French ESAW data come from four sources: the CNAM for the majority of employees of the private sector (78% of work accidents), CNRACL for territorial and hospital public sector employees (11%), the  CT2016 survey  for employees of the state public sector (6%) and the CCMSA for employees of the agricultural social scheme (5%).

The following classifications are used in ESAW:

NACE Rev. 2: 2nd revision of the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community managed by Eurostat. For ESAW data NACE Rev. 2 is used from reference year 2008 onwards;
ISCO-08: International Standard Classification of Occupations managed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) (revision of 2008). ISCO-08 should be used from reference year 2011 onwards (not all countries use it yet);
NUTS 2013: Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics. The current NUTS 2013 classification is valid from 1 January 2015, though many datasets will still include other NUTS versions.
ICSE-93: International Classification by Status in Employment (revision of 1993)

For full details on these classifications, please see our nomenclature server Ramon (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets).

All employees of the general social security scheme are covered.

The public sector employees, employees of households as employers, the majority of the agricultural sector employees, and employees of certain special social security schemes are excluded.

This excluded the majority of workers in sectors A, D, O, P, Q and T.

COVERAGE OF ECONOMIC SECTORS (NACE), (Annual update expected)

Additional comments on coverage of economic sectors

Codes:

y Sector fully covered
n Sector not covered at all
p Secor partially covered
n.a. Not applicable, i.e. sector does not exist in country

European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) are based on case-by-case data for accidents at work resulting in more than 3 days' absence from work, permanent incapacity or death of the victim.

An accident at work is 'a discrete occurrence in the course of work which leads to physical or mental harm'.

- This includes all accidents in the course of work, whether they happen inside or outside the premises of the employer, on the premises of another employer, in public places or during transport (including road traffic accidents or accidents in any other mean of transportation) and at home (such as during teleworking). It also includes cases of acute poisoning and wilful acts of other persons;
- It excludes: accidents on the way to or from work (commuting accidents); deliberate self-inflicted injuries; occurrences caused solely by a medical condition (such as heart attack or stroke) that occurred during work, i.e. which were not (at least partially) caused by the occupational activity of the victim;; accidents to members of the public, for example family members of a worker who are not working; and occupational diseases.

A fatal accident at work is defined as an accident which leads to the death of a victim within one year of the accident. In practice the notification of an accident as fatal ranges from national registration procedures where the accident is registered as fatal when the victim dies during the same day (Netherlands) or within 30 days after the accident (Germany) to cases where no time limits are laid down (Belgium, Greece, France except for deaths occurring after the recognition of a permanent disability, Italy, Luxemburg, Austria, Sweden and Norway). For the other Member States the time limit is one year, except for Spain where the limit is 1,5 years after the date of the accident.

In a typical fatal accident at work, the death occurs within a few days after the day of the accident and the limitation to the day of the accident would result already in a significant underestimation of such very severe accidents.

The ESAW methodology is in accordance with the ILO (International Labour Office) "Resolution concerning statistics of occupational injuries (resulting from occupational accidents)" adopted by the Sixteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians in October 1998.

The following 15 phase I and II variables have to be sent by Member States to Eurostat from reference year 2011 onwards on an annual basis:
1. Case number
2. Economic activity of the employer (NACE)
3. Occupation of Victim (ISCO)
4. Age of Victim
5. Sex of Victim
6. Type of Injury
7. Part of Body Injured
8. Geographical Location of the Accident
9. Date of the Accident
10. Time of the Accident (optional)
11. Size of the Enterprise (optional)
12. Nationality of the Victim (optional)
13. Employment Status of the Victim
14. Days Lost (severity)
15. Weight ESAW collection

In addition, three of the following nine phase III variables on 'causes and circumstances of the accident' have to be sent annually to Eurostat from reference year 2013 onwards:
16. - 18. Workstation, Working Environment, Working Process
19. - 20. Specific Physical Activity, Material Agent associated with the of Specific Physical Activity
21. - 22. Deviation, Material Agent associated with the Deviation
23. - 24. Contact - mode of injury, Material Agent associated with the Contact - Mode of injury.

Finally, the weight on Causes and Circumstances has to be sent if the Member State applies an additional sampling for the encoding of the ESAW Phase III variables on causes and circumstances.

If not applicable the default value is 1.

The definition of the variables is stated in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 349/2011 and further specified in the ESAW methodology.

COVERAGE OF ESAW VARIABLES (Annual update expected)

Additional comments on coverage of ESAW variables

Codes:

Coverage
y Variable fully covered
n Variable not covered at all, i.e. variable is so far not collected in country
p Variable partially covered

Days lost
y num Days lost are covered and in data file listed by numbers (004 - 182)
y cat Days lost are covered and in data file listed by categories (A01 - A06)
p num, p cat Days lost are partly covered and listed by numbers (categories)

Type of weight
U weight to correct under-reporting
S weight to account for sampling
Sp weight to correct special sampling

Data are collected for each accident.

If a person is a victim of more than one accident during the reference year, several cases are reported (one for each accident).

If there are several victims in the same event of accident, also several cases are reported (one for each victim).

All employees of the general social security scheme are covered.

The public sector employees, employees of households as employers, the majority of the agricultural sector employees, and employees of certain special social security schemes are excluded.

This excluded the majority of workers in sectors A, D, O, P, Q and T.

COVERAGE OF PROFESSIONAL STATUS (Annual update expected)

Additional comments on coverage of professionnal status

Codes:

y Professional status fully covered
n Professional status not covered at all
p Professional status partially covered
n.a. Not applicable, i.e. professional status does not exist in country

COVERAGE OF ACCIDENTS OUTSIDE PREMISES (Annual update expected)

Additional comments on coverage of accidents outside premises

Codes:

y Accidents fully covered
n Accidents not covered at all
p Accidents partially covered
F Data of fatal road traffic accidents and fatal accidents on board of any means of transport provided in the main CSV data file
A Data of fatal and non-fatal road traffic accidents as well as fatal and non-fatal accidents on board of any means of transport provided in the main CSV data file

France

Data are available since reference year 1994 for all EU-15 Member States, from 1995 also for Norway.

In addition, Croatian data are included since 2010.

Data for Switzerland was added from 2004 and Icelandic data from 2012.

Not applicable.

The following measurement units are used in ESAW data:

- Numbers of accidents

- Percentages of accidents (in relation to different totals and breakdowns)

- Incidence rates of accidents: number of accidents per 100,000 workers

- Standardised incidence rates: number of accidents per 100,000 workers adjusted for the relative sizes of economic sectors at EU level (see section 20.6 Adjustment for more details)

In France, all accidents are included which have resulted in a first administrative paiement procedure or which have resulted an incapacity rate or are mortel during the reference year.

The implementing Regulation under which Member States report ESAW data to Eurostat is Commission Regulation (EU) No 349/2011 of 11 April 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics on public health and health and safety at work, as regards statistics on accidents at work (text with EEA relevance; see http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32011R0349).

The afore mentioned Regulation 349/2011 implements the framework Regulation EC N° 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics on public health and health and safety at work (see http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32008R1338).

Commission Decision 2011/231 of 11 April 2011 grants derogations to certain Member States with respect to the transmission of statistics pursuant to Commission Regulation (EU) No 349/2011 of 11 April 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics on public health and health and safety at work, as regards statistics on accidents at work (see http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32011D0231).

The ESAW summary methodology (version of 2013), defines further details of the data to be transmitted (see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-RA-12-102).

The current strategy of the EU concerning health and safety at work is outlined in the following EU Commission Communication: EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2014-2020 (see http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0332).

The health and safety at work strategy of the EU from 2007 until 2012 was: Community strategy 2007-2012 on health and safety at work (see http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2007/com2007_0062en01.pdf).

The health and safety strategy of the EU from 2002 and 2006 was: Commission Communication COM (2002) 118 Final and Council resolution 2002/C 161/01 on a new Community strategy for safety and health at work 2002-2006 (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi%21celexplus%21prod%21DocNumber&lg=en&type_doc=COMfinal&an_doc=2002&nu_doc=118).

Not applicable.

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164; http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:087:0164:0173:En:PDF), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.

Commission Regulation (EU) No 557/2013 of 17 June 2013 implementing Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European Statistics as regards access to confidential data for scientific purposes and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 831/2002 Text with EEA relevance (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-cont), 'establishes the conditions under which access to confidential data transmitted to the Commission (Eurostat) may be granted for enabling statistical analyses for scientific purposes, and the rules of cooperation between the Commission (Eurostat) and national statistical authorities in order to facilitate such access' (article 1).

There is currently no treatment of ESAW data with regard to statistical confidentiality taking place.

ESAW data is usually released between January - September of each year (in year N+2, where N is the reference year in which the accidents took place), with a focus on end of June - July (release of most countries' data). There is no specific release calendar for ESAW data (see the Eurostat website for all published ESAW data).

See section 14 Timeliness and punctuality for more details about the timing and punctuality of ESAW data releases.

Not available.

In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-32-11-955) Eurostat disseminates European statistics on Eurostat's website (see worksheet 10. Accessibility and clarity) respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably.

The detailed arrangements are governed by the Eurostat protocol on impartial access to Eurostat data for users (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/quality/european-statistics-code-of-practice).

Annual.

See Eurostat website (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat) for occasional news releases.

See Eurostat website (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat) for publications on accidents at work including:

Accidents at work statistics (Statistics Explained article - updated once per year; http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Accidents_at_work_statistics)

8.6% of workers in the EU experienced work-related health problems - Issue number 63/2009 (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/product_details/publication?p_product_code=KS-SF-09-063)

Health and safety at work in Europe (1999-2007) (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-statistical-books/-/KS-31-09-290)

Work and health in the European Union - A statistical portrait - Data 1994-2002 (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/de/web/products-statistical-books/-/KS-57-04-807)

Accidents at work in the EU 1998-1999 (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/product_details/publication?p_product_code=KS-NK-01-016)

Accidents at work in the EU in 1996 (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-statistics-in-focus/-/CA-NK-00-004)

See 'data' on the Eurostat website (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat; datasets under 'Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Health/Health and safety at work (hsw)/Accidents at work (ESAW…)' ).

Not available

ESAW data is not available as microdata.

Not applicable

Not available (at EU level).

The ESAW summary methodology (version of 2013) defines further details of the data to be transmitted (see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-RA-12-102).

All countries provide metadata (see metadata annex).

This file and similar files of (other) countries consitute the documentation available on data quality of ESAW.

Quality considerations play a central role with regard to Eurostat corporate management as well in the day-to-day statistical operations.

The European Statistics Code of Practice (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-32-11-955) sets the standard for developing, producing and disseminating European statistics (see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/quality/overview for more information). It builds upon a common European Statistical System (ESS).

The Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (ESS QAF; see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/64157/4392716/qaf_2012-en.pdf/8bcff303-68da-43d9-aa7d-325a5bf7fb42) identifies possible activities, methods and tools that can provide guidance and evidence for the implementation of the Code of Practice when developing, producing and disseminating European statistics.

Eurostat organises about each year a Working Group on European Statistics on Accidents at Work, in which statistics and its metadata are presented. In particular, various quality issues such as data coverage and reporting levels are discussed and related improvements are discussed.

Data validation measures are desribed in concept 18.4 data validation.

In general, Eurostat aims to continuously improve the quality of ESAW data together with Member States.

ESAW is an administrative data collection which provides information on accidents at work as they are reported by employers in Member States to relevant national state authorities.

The type of data transmitted to Eurostat as well as its timing and other aspects follow strict rules (see section 6. 'Institutional mandate'). Eurostat together with Member States systematically check and validate data transmissions according to the following legal acts and further guidelines:

Member States fulfill their obligations in relation to these legal acts and guidelines. This includes all classification systems. Exceptions are mentioned in the other concepts of this file (including 19. Comments).

However, the data sources in Member States are to some degree heterogenous. For example, in some Member States accidents are reported in the framework of accident insurances whereas in other Member States universal social security system apply in case of accidents. This issue is covered in section 13. on Accuracy and relibaility of this file.

A particular challenge of ESAW data are the issues of (i) under-reporting of non-fatal accidents in some Member States, (ii) differences in the coverage of self-employed, family workers and other non-employee workers (voluntary data), and (iii) accuracy of reference populations (number of employed persons in economic sectors) and incidence rates (reference populations are the denominators of incidence rates). These issues are currently worked on but are not likely to be solved completely in the short term.

According to the ESAW implementing Regulation No 349/2011, only three out of nine phase III variables need to be reported to Eurostat. Although many Member States report on more than three phase III variables, the average coverage of phase III variables accross all Member States and all variables is currently about 50% only.

In line with the European Union legal framework and principle 6 (impartiality and objectivity) of the Code of Practice, Eurostat develops, produces and disseminates European statistics respecting scientific independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably (see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/quality/european-statistics-code-of-practice for more information).

The main users of the ESAW data at EU level are:
- Other EU organisations concerned with health and safety at work, in particular Directorate-General for Employment, social affairs and inclusion (http://ec.europa.eu/social/home.jsp?langId=en) as well as the EU agencies EU-OSHA (http://osha.europa.eu/) and EUROFOUND (http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/);
- Member States authorities such as statistical authorities, labour ministries, labour inspectorates;
- International organisations dealing with health and safety at work such as ILO;
- Business associations, trade unions and NGOs;
- Researchers and students;
- Media.

Eurostat regularly meets other EU and international organisations as well as representatives of relevant Member State authorities, business associations, workers and employer associations. In addition, it communicates with other user groups such as researchers, students and the media via several channels including its user support, website and through events such as conferences and meetings. The needs and comments from these user groups are continuosly taken into account when deciding about what statistics are collected and disseminated.

ESAW data users are often interested in information concerning individual economic sectors. Incidence rates are important for comparing the situation in different Member States and economic sectors. While absolute numbers of accidents for individual economic sectors (at NACE Rev.2 at 2-digit or more detailed level) reflect appropriately the accidents reported in Member States, incidende rates (number of accidents per 100,000 workers) depend also on reference populations which are sometimes not very accurate for smaller sectors.

Eurostat carries out regular user satisfaction surveys (see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/quality/general-evaluation-results) including for statistical domains such as 'health'.

Information about the downloads of individual datasets, detailed tables, publications and Statistics Explained articles is regularly compiled and analysed.

All available information about user satisfaction is taken into account when developing data collections.

However, there is currently no dedicated user satisfaction survey on ESAW statistics.

See metadata file in annex which lists for all countries in detail the available variables, economic sectors, employment status and information on traffic accidents.

ESAW phase I and II variables are covered at nearly 100% level (for derogations and other exceptions see relevant sections in this file).

However and as outlined in section 13. on accuracy and reliability, ESAW data suffers at various degrees from under-reporting in some Member States (see among others section 19. Comments).

Some Member States do not cover certain economic sectors, professions and employment types (some of which are voluntary to cover; see metadata file in annex).

ESAW Phase III variables are currently covered by about 50% on average for all Member States and variables (only three out of nine phase III variables' data are mandatory to transmit to Eurostat).

REPORTING LEVELS OF ECONOMIC SECTORS (NACE), (Annual update expected)

Global reporting level

Reporting levels by sector

Additional comments on global reporting level

Codes:

N sector not covered by data collection
UNK sector covered but unknown reporting level
(value %) reporting level
(e) rough estimate (instead of "medium" or "high")

Explanation: Please fill in every cell with information, either "N" for sector not covered by the data collection, "UNK" for sectors covered but unknown reporting level, or a percentage value for sectors covered for which the reporting level is known (such as "52%"). Instead of "medium" or "high" please fill in a approximate value and flag it with "(e)" at the end, such as "50% (e)". Please fill in both, the global reporting cells and the detailed rows for individual sectors. If for example no sector is covered for your country, then fill into every cell "0", if all sectors are covered but all reporting levels are unknown fill in "UNK" in every cell. "N/A" should be replaced by either "N" or "UNK".

As an administrative data collection, the data transmitted by Member States to Eurostat are thought to exactly reflect the number of accidents notified to the relevant national authorities. Therefore, ESAW data are considered to have a high level of accuracy in relation to the absolute number of accidents notified in Member States.

Significant issues for the accuracy of ESAW are, however, under-coverage and under-reporting of accidents in several countries (see other sections in this file for more information).

Under-coverage means that a known part of the economy or workforce of a country is not covered by the data, for example if an economic sector or a certain professional status (e.g. self-employed) is by definition not included in the notification system.

Under-reporting means that certain accidents that should have been reported were in fact not reported, e.g. if enterprises or workers are not aware of the obligation/possibility to notify or if they are afraid of the consequences of notification for the company such as investments in health and safety. In general, it is thought that most fatal and very severe accidents are reported. In addition, it is assumed that more non-fatal and less severe accidents are reported in insurance based systems offering significant financial compensation for victims more accidents.

The national ESAW data sources are the notifications of accidents at work, either to national insurance systems for accidents at work (BE, BG, DE, EL, ES, FR, IT, LU, AT, PT, FI and CH) or to relevant national authorities such as labour inspectorates in the framework of a universal social security system (CZ, DK, EE, IE, CY, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, RO, SI, SK, SE, UK and NO).

Incidence rates and standardised incidence rates (number of accidents per 100,000 workers) vary often strongly between the two main types of notification systems, the insurance based and the universal social security based systems as listed before.

Non-fatal accidents (serious accidents) at work:

Incidence rates are often only comparable between Member States of the same notification system (insurance or universal social security).

In some Member States, weights are added to adjust the number of accidents, e.g. using data from Labour Force Surveys (LFS).

Fatal accidents at work:

In general, fatal accidents at work are assumed to be of higher accuracy than non-fatal accidents at work as fatal accidents are usually investigated by relevant state authorities.

The ESAW data collection is mainly based on data from administrative registers, and therefore there is usually no sampling involved.

However, data from Germany and the Netherlands (all variables), Malta (variables on causes and circumstances) and Switzerland (some variables) and more recently from the UK (all variables) are (partially) based on sampling. In some countries weighting procedures are applied to correct for sampling errors.

Not available.

General information about under-reporting errors can be found in other sections of this file.

The Czech Republic, Denmark, Ireland, Spain (for the public sector since 2013), Estonia, Hungary, Italy, Sweden and Norway apply weights to correct for under-reporting.

Information about the coverage of variables, economic sectors, employment types and occupations can be fond in the metadata annex to this file.

Not available.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not available.

Not applicable.

The legal requirement for Member States is to send Eurostat ESAW data until 30 June of year N+2, where N is the reference year in which the accidents took place.

As soon as one or several Member States have sent their data they are published on the Eurostat website.

In some cases this may happen already some months before the legal deadline of June.

Approximately 12 months after the end of the reference year (experience of previous years).

Approximately 21 months after the end of the reference year (experience of previous years).

Most countries transmit data before and a few days -weeks after the legal deadline of 30 June of year N+2. Eurostat then checks and validates this data and publishes most of it on its website within a few weeks (in July N+2 or before).

A few countries may send data only during July - September of year N+2. All data is usually published until September - October of year N+2.

See above.

Data on fatal accidents have a high level of comparability between all countries.

Data on non-fatal accidents are considered to be of limited comparability across certain groups of countries. See section 13. on 'accuracy' for further details, in particular concerning the existence of two different types of accident notification systems (insurance based and universal social security system based).

Standardised incidence rates are calculated in order to enable between comparison between countries (some countries have larger high-risk sectors in terms of work accidents, for example concerning certain occupations in transport, construction, manufacturing and agriculture; see section 18.6 Adjustment for more details).

Not applicable.

Data on the Eurostat website is divided between datasets with reference year up to 2007 (included), and datasets with reference year from 2008 onwards.

The datasets up to reference year 2007 are restricted to EU-15 Member States, Norway and Switzerland, and uses NACE Rev. 1 classification for economic activities.

The datasets from 2008 onwards include all countries of the previous datasets. They use NACE Rev. 2 classification of economic activities.

The last major break for ESAW data was between 2007 and 2008 including a change from NACE Rev.1 to NACE Rev. 2 and concerning the addition of the 13 new Member States which joined the EU in 2004, 2007 and 2013 respectively.

Therefore, the length of comparable ESAW time series is for example six years for reference years 2008 - 2013.

ESAW data may be compared with relevant data from the Labour Force Survey ad-hoc modules on accidents at work and other work-related health problems available from the same main data tree branch 'Health and safety at work (hsw)' for the reference years 2013, 2007 and 1999.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

ESAW data on the Eurostat website since 2008 are largely coherent between the different datasets.

There are some exceptions if some countries use old classification systems such as for ISCO-88 classification for occupations.

There is currently no cost/burden analysis available for ESAW data at EU level.

ESAW data are occasionally revised, such as when a country notifies Eurostat about changes in the data and metadata.

In 2014 - 2015 a revision of reference populations of some countries was done which impacts on incidence rates (the reference populations is the denominator for incidence rates, the numerator is the numbers of accidents).

The practice for data revisions is similar to the practice of publishing new data: either the country sends revised data to Eurostat which checks, validates and publishes it in agreement with the responsible national authority, or Eurostat calculates revised data and sends it to the country's authority for agreement.

Not available.

Eurostat receives ESAW data from the relevant national authority or insurance system (administrative data sources).

The original national data sources are employers' declarations of accidents at work, either to (1) relevant insurance companies, (2) national social security systems or (3) labour inspectorates or similar national authorities. For non-fatal accidents in the Netherlands only survey data are available (a special module in the national labour force survey).

The number of employed persons (reference populations) are provided either by the countries (at NACE 2-digits level), or are taken from the EU Labour Force Survey (when countries are not able to provide their own reference populations; see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/lfs/overview).

Annual

ESAW data are extracted from relevant national administrative databases according to ESAW concepts, definitions, variables and classifications (see also section '18.1. Source data' above).

Various automatic and manual checks are performed on ESAW data transmitted from Member States to Eurostat in order to identify possible errors and inconsistencies with the ESAW methodology.

Countries are asked to check all inconsistencies and corrections and re-send data if necessary.

Validation activities at EU level include:
- completeness of data files transmitted (variable fields)
- correctness of codes for each variable
- comparing aggregated data at EU level with aggregates at national level
- coverage of variables, sectors, employment types and other breakdowns
- checking for differences in reporting levels (under-reporting)
- comparing ESAW reference populations with EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) populations
- consistency of totals and various breakdowns
- use of use of variable weights to correct for sampling and/or under-reporting
- checking for outliers

11 out of 31 countries provide weights for non-fatal accidents. Eurostat uses these weights to calculate the number of accidents and all derived indicators.

EU aggregates are calculated on the basis of available data from countries.

Standardised and non-standardised incidence rates are calculated using number of accidents and reference populations (see relevant annex to this file).

Standardised incidence rates are calculated in addition to normal incidence rates in order to eliminate the effect that some countries have larger high-risk sectors than others. The standarisation method consists in multiplying incidence rates with weights corresponding to the shares of sectoral workforces in the total EU workforce. High-risk sectors are those in which the number of work accidents per 100,000 workers is typically higher. Examples are the sectors transport, construction, manufacturing and agriculture (in particular concerning some occupations within these sectors).

For more details, please refer to the ESAW summary methodology and to the annex of this file.

Not applicable.

In general, there are no adjustments done for ESAW data.

ESAW standardised and non-standardised incidence rates are checked to some degree for outliers.

In case of unreasonable high or low values of these incidence rates, in particular for certain more detailed breakdowns of data, Eurostat may remove related incidence rates from dissemination and replace the values by appropriate codes.

As ESAW is an annual administrative data collection, there are no seasonal adjustments nor other time series adjustments done.

Not applicable.