Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) measure the commercial presence through affiliates in foreign markets.
Inward foreign affiliates statistics (IFATS) shall mean statistics describing the activity of foreign affiliates resident in the compiling country.
In country-level business statistics foreign-controlled enterprise shall mean an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which an ultimate controlling institutional unit not resident in the compiling country has control.(Table 14 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
Variables on the country-level business activities in the IFATS data category:
Business activities in foreign control:
210301. Number of foreign-controlled enterprises
220501. Number of employees and self-employed persons in foreign-controlled enterprises
220701. Employee benefits expense in foreign-controlled enterprises
230301. Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises
230401. R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises
240301. Total purchases of goods and services of foreign-controlled enterprises
240302. Purchases of goods and services for resale of foreign-controlled enterprises
250601. Net turnover of foreign-controlled enterprises
250701. Value of output of foreign-controlled enterprises
260201. Foreign-controlled enterprises’ gross investment in tangible non-current assets
250801. Value added of foreign-controlled enterprises
Business activities in total economy:
210101. Number of active enterprises
220101. Number of employees and self-employed persons
220301. Employee benefits expense
230101. Intramural R & D expenditure
230201. R & D personnel
240101. Total purchases of goods and services
240102. Purchases of goods and services for resale
250101. Net turnover
250301. Value of output
250401. Value added
260101. Gross investment in tangible non-current assets
3.2. Classification system
Classification systems used in the FATS are as follows:
Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE Rev. 2);
List of 2-digit country codes (ISO 3166-1);
Currency codes (ISO 4217).
3.3. Coverage - sector
For all variables except for variables Intramural R & D expenditure, Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises, R & D personnel and R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises: Market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to R and divisions S95 and S96;
For variables Intramural R & D expenditure, Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises, R & D personnel and R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises: Market producers of NACE Sections B to F.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) measure the commercial presence through affiliates in foreign markets.
Inward foreign affiliates statistics (IFATS) shall mean statistics describing the activity of foreign affiliates resident in the compiling country.
In country-level business statistics foreign-controlled enterprise shall mean an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which an ultimate controlling institutional unit not resident in the compiling country has control.(Table 14 of the Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
Foreign affiliate in the framework of outward FATS is an enterprise or branch not resident in the compiling country over which an institutional unit resident in the compiling country has ultimate (direct or indirect) control.
Domestic affiliate shall mean an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which a UCI resident in the same compiling country has control.
Ultimate Controlling Institutional of a foreign affiliate (UCI) shall mean the institutional unit, proceeding up a foreign affiliate’s chain of control, which is not controlled by another institutional unit.
Control is the ability to determine the general policy of the affiliate by choosing appropriate directors, if necessary. In this context, enterprise A is deemed to be controlled by an institutional unit B when B controls, whether directly or indirectly, more than half of the shareholders' voting power or more than half of the shares.
Indirect control means that an institutional unit may have control through another affiliate which has control over enterprise A.
Active enterprise is a statistical units which at any time during the reference period was ‘enterprise’, as defined in Regulation (EEC) No 696/93, and also active during the same reference period. A statistical unit is considered to have been active during the reference period if, in said period, it either realized positive net turnover or produced outputs or had employees or performed investments.
Employees and self-employed persons are persons who work for an observation unit on the basis of a contract of employment and receives compensation in the form of wages, salaries, fees, gratuities, piecework pay or remuneration in kind; and persons who are the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work. Family workers and outworkers, whose income is a function of the value of the outputs of the statistical unit, are also included.
Employee benefits expense contains all expenses arising in relation with employee benefits, recognized by the statistical unit during the reference period. Those are are all forms of consideration given by the statistical unit in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment.
Research and experimental development (R & D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge. Expenditures on intramural R & D represent the amount of money spent on R & D that is performed within a reporting unit. Intramural R & D expenditures are all current expenditures plus gross fixed capital expenditures for R & D performed within a statistical unit during a specific reference period whatever the source of funds. R & D current expenditures include labour costs for internal R & D personnel and other current costs (costs for external R & D personnel, purchase of services.). Gross fixed capital expenditures for R & D include: acquisition of land, acquisition of buildings, acquisition of information and communication equipment, acquisition of transport equipment, acquisition of other machinery and equipment, acquisition of capitalised computer software, acquisition of other intellectual property products.
R & D personnel in a statistical unit include all persons engaged directly in R & D, whether employed by the statistical unit or external contributors fully integrated into the statistical unit’s R & D activities, as well as those providing direct services for the R & D activities (such as R & D managers, administrators, technicians and clerical staff).
Total purchases of goods and services contains all amount of goods and services purchased by the statistical unit, recognized in accounting as either current assets or expenses during the reference period.
Purchases of goods and services for resale in are purchases of goods for resale to third parties without further processing. It also includes purchases of services by ‘invoicing’ service companies, i.e. those whose turnover is composed not only of agency fees charged on a service transaction (as in the case of estate agents) but also the actual amount involved in the service transaction, e.g. transport purchases by travel agents.
Net turnover consists of all income arising during the reference period in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit, and is presented net of all price reductions, discounts and rebates granted by it.
Value of output represents the value of the total output of the statistical unit, generated during the reference period.
Value added is a composite indicator of net operating income, adjusted for depreciation, amortization and employee benefits, all components being recognized as such by the statistical unit during the reference period.
Gross investment in tangible non-current assets includes all additions to tangible non-current assets, recognized as such by the statistical unit during the reference period, except any increases from revaluations or reversals of previously recognized impairment losses and from reclassifications (transfers) of other tangible non-current assets.
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistical unit of FATS is the enterprise as defined in line with the Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community.
3.6. Statistical population
For all variables except for variables 230101 (Intramural R & D expenditure), 230301 (Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises), 230201 (R & D personnel) and 230401 (R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises): Market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to R and divisions S95 and S96;
For variables 230101 (Intramural R & D expenditure), 230301 (Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises), 230201 (R & D personnel) and 230401 (R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises): Market producers of NACE Sections B to F.
3.7. Reference area
Denmark
3.8. Coverage - Time
Data are available from 2007 to 2023.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Number of enterprises and employment variables are recorded in absolute figures.
Monetary data of enterprises are recorded in millions of €.
Data refers to the calendar year, which in some cases corresponds to the fiscal year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice, Statistics Denmark disseminates national IFATS statistics on Statistics Denmark website respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably.
Annual for all variables except for variables 230101 (Intramural R & D expenditure), 230301 (Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises), 230201 (R & D personnel) and 230401 (R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises): Market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to R and divisions S95 and S96;
Biennial (every odd-numbered year) for variables 230101 (Intramural R & D expenditure), 230301 (Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises), 230201 (R & D personnel) and 230401 (R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises): Market producers of NACE Sections B to F.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Foreign controlled enterprises (IFATS) 2023 news release was published on 9th September 2025 in danish on Statistics Denmark webside.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not avaliable.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Foreign controlled enterprises (IFATS) 2023 data in online database was published on 9th September 2025 in danish on Statistics Denmark webside.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not avaliable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not available.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Foreign controlled enterprises (IFATS) in news realese is published in danish and in online database is danish and english.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not avaiable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Documentation on Foreign controlled enterprises (IFATS) is published on Statistics Denmark webside.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not available.
10.6.2. Availability of statistical metadata
Not available.
10.6.3. Web links if metadata are published electronically
Documentation on Foreign controlled enterprises (IFATS) is published on Statistics Denmark webside.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Not available.
11.1. Quality assurance
Not available.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Not available.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Users of inward FATS are: European Commission services, international organisations, ministries, chambers of commerce, trade unions, journalists, researchers etc.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not available.
12.3. Completeness
The data covers all the variables required by Eurostat regulations and guidelines (Completeness in a percentage of the number of required cells = 100%).
Please see Table 12.3.1 in the Annex at the bottom.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The foreign-owned companies include only those it has been possible to find using several sources. There may therefore be more foreign owned enterprises than those included in the statistics of foreign owned enterprises and this may affect the statistics overall precision and reliability. There is no uncertainty calculations. One source of uncertainty is that there may be more foreign-owned enterprises than those included in these statistics.
13.1.1. Use of residual geographic codes (Extra EU-27 not allocated, etc.)
There are no extra EU-27 not allocated (D09) enterprises.
13.1.2. UCI Approach applied to identify the relevant population of reporting units
In IFATS, the determination of a enterprise ownership is linked to the ultimate owner (UCI) who has control over the company, i.e. has the ability to determine an enterprise general strategy by electing a board of directors if necessary.
13.1.3. Update date (or frequency of updates) of the information regarding the country of the UCI by the “source administration”
Information on foreign ownership (UCI) is updated annually. The statistics for a given year t, relate to annual accounts ending in the period from 1 May of year t to 30 April of year t+1.
13.1.4. Description of other method used to improve the accuracy of the UCI
The population is formed on the basis of information about ownership from the National bank and the companies' official accounts. National Bank collects data on foreign direct investment in Denmark. Statistics Denmark receives information from the National Bank on foreign owned enterprises in Denmark namely the direct owner, ultimate owner and ownership. National Bank collects information via questionnaire. In addition to the information received from the National Bank used information from enterprises official accounts. This information is kept together with data from National bank. The Business Register is used to identify the enterprises. Non-foreign-owned enterprises are considered Danish owned. The economic variables are obtained from SBS.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable. There has been no separate sample survey for Inward FATS.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
There has been no separate sample survey for Inward FATS.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
13.3.1.3. Misclassification errors
Not applicable.
13.3.1.4. Under- and over-coverage problems
Not applicable.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
IFATS is not a survey. Information on foreign ownership is obtained from various sources. The economic variables are obtained from SBS. SBS is prepared as a combination of survey and administrative data.
Data transmission to Eurostat takes place t+20 months and data dissemination at national level takes place t+20.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Data transmission to Eurostat takes place t+20 months and data dissemination at national level takes place t+20.
14.2. Punctuality
Data have been sent to Eurostat before the deadline.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Final data are disseminated and published on time.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
IFATS data from Denmark is comparable to IFATS data from other EU countries, as the data collection is based on the same manuals and regulations.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
The length of the time series is the year 2007 to 2023 and the length of the comparable time series is 2008-2020 pre EBS regulation and 2021-2023, which is the post the introduction of the EBS regulation, where the scope of NACE activities is expanded.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Length of time series: 2007-2023
Length of comparable time series: 2008 to 2020 and 2021-2023
15.2.2. Reasons and differences in concepts and measurement methods for breaks in time series
In 2007 NACE rev. 1.1 is used. From 2008 NACE rev. 2 is used. From 2021 onwards, EBS regulation is valid, expanding the scope of NACE for the statistics.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
There is coherence between IFATS, SBS, NSBR, National Accounts, FDI, R & D statistics and EGR.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
There is consistency between IFATS and SBS. SBS is a significant input to the National Accounts. SBS is used as a backbone in the National Accounts. There is therefore coherence between IFATS, SBS and the National Accounts.
15.3.3. Coherence – National Statistical Business Register (NSBR)
There is consistency between IFATS and NSBR for the population and the variables that are obtained from NSBR.
15.3.4. Coherence – Structural Business Statistics (SBS)
There is consistency between IFATS and SBS. The variables that are both in IFATS and SBS are the same.
15.3.5. Coherence – R & D
There is consistency between IFATS and R&D. Information regarding R&D for IFATS is available from the R&D statistics.
15.3.6. Coherence – Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
There is coherence between IFATS and FDI. Data from FDI regarding the direct and ultimate owner is obtained from FDI and compared with other sources.
15.3.7. Coherence – EuroGroups Register (EGR)
There is coherence between IFATS and EGR. Data from EGR regarding the direct and ultimate owner is obtained from EGR and compared with other sources.
15.4. Coherence - internal
The aggregates are consistent with their maim sub-aggregates.
Not applicable.
17.1. Data revision - policy
There is no special revision policy for IFATS.
Statistics Denmark's revision policy on the website.
17.2. Data revision - practice
There is no special revision policy for IFATS.
Statistics Denmark's revision policy on the website.
IFATS administrative data is used. Information on foreign ownership is therefore not imputed. The economic variables come from SBS, which is a sample survey combined with administrative data and some imputed values.
18.1.1. Methodological approach
Inward FATS is based on information from the Danish Central Bank, Bureau van Dijk and information gathered by Statistics Denmark.
Statistics Denmark is provided with a register made by the Danish Central Bank containing data for the enterprises with foreign ownership. The Danish Central Bank collects information on foreign direct investments in Denmark on both flow and stock basis. Statistics Denmark receives a register of enterprises with their share of foreign ownership. The enterprises in the register are identifiable by identification numbers. Danish Central Bank using both the UCI and the first shot concepts.
Statistics Denmark is provided with a register from Bureau van Dijk. This register contains ownership data for the enterprises. It is containing information of shared ownership for the direct owner, indirect owner and the ultimate owner.
Statistics Denmark has constructed the Inward FATS population by matching the register made by the Danish Central Bank and the register from Bureau van Dijk.
The registers from the Danish Central Bank and Bureau van Dijk containing information on identification numbers and ownership were aligned with Statistics Denmark's business register for the object of checking identification numbers.
18.1.2. Use of cut-off thresholds
The Inward FATS population and SBS do not cover inactive businesses. The threshold limit regarding the level of economic activity required means that an enterprise should have had an annual performance corresponding to at least a half years work for one person.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual.
18.3. Data collection
Inward FATS is based on information from the Danish Central Bank, Bureau van Dijk and information gathered by Statistics Denmark.
Statistics Denmark is provided with a register made by the Danish Central Bank containing data for the enterprises with foreign ownership. The Danish Central Bank collects information on foreign direct investments in Denmark on both flow and stock basis. Statistics Denmark receives a register of enterprises with their share of foreign ownership. The enterprises in the register are identifiable by identification numbers. Danish Central Bank using both the UCI and the first shot concepts.
Statistics Denmark is provided with a register from Bureau van Dijk. This register contains ownership data for the enterprises. It is containing information of shared ownership for the direct owner, indirect owner and the ultimate owner.
Statistics Denmark has constructed the Inward FATS population by matching the register made by the Danish Central Bank and the register from Bureau van Dijk.
The registers from the Danish Central Bank and Bureau van Dijk containing information on identification numbers and ownership were aligned with Statistics Denmark's business register for the object of checking identification numbers.
18.4. Data validation
Information about foreign ownership is searched for errors in the register of owners and the enterprise's official annual accounts.
18.5. Data compilation
In IFATS administrative data is used. Information on foreign ownership is therefore not imputed. The economic variables come from SBS, which is a sample survey with some imputed values.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.5.2. Use of a method to deal with non-response (both unit and item non-response)
Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) measure the commercial presence through affiliates in foreign markets.
Inward foreign affiliates statistics (IFATS) shall mean statistics describing the activity of foreign affiliates resident in the compiling country.
In country-level business statistics foreign-controlled enterprise shall mean an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which an ultimate controlling institutional unit not resident in the compiling country has control.(Table 14 of the EBS Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
Variables on the country-level business activities in the IFATS data category:
Business activities in foreign control:
210301. Number of foreign-controlled enterprises
220501. Number of employees and self-employed persons in foreign-controlled enterprises
220701. Employee benefits expense in foreign-controlled enterprises
230301. Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises
230401. R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises
240301. Total purchases of goods and services of foreign-controlled enterprises
240302. Purchases of goods and services for resale of foreign-controlled enterprises
250601. Net turnover of foreign-controlled enterprises
250701. Value of output of foreign-controlled enterprises
260201. Foreign-controlled enterprises’ gross investment in tangible non-current assets
250801. Value added of foreign-controlled enterprises
Business activities in total economy:
210101. Number of active enterprises
220101. Number of employees and self-employed persons
220301. Employee benefits expense
230101. Intramural R & D expenditure
230201. R & D personnel
240101. Total purchases of goods and services
240102. Purchases of goods and services for resale
250101. Net turnover
250301. Value of output
250401. Value added
260101. Gross investment in tangible non-current assets
16 September 2025
Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) measure the commercial presence through affiliates in foreign markets.
Inward foreign affiliates statistics (IFATS) shall mean statistics describing the activity of foreign affiliates resident in the compiling country.
In country-level business statistics foreign-controlled enterprise shall mean an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which an ultimate controlling institutional unit not resident in the compiling country has control.(Table 14 of the Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197).
Foreign affiliate in the framework of outward FATS is an enterprise or branch not resident in the compiling country over which an institutional unit resident in the compiling country has ultimate (direct or indirect) control.
Domestic affiliate shall mean an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which a UCI resident in the same compiling country has control.
Ultimate Controlling Institutional of a foreign affiliate (UCI) shall mean the institutional unit, proceeding up a foreign affiliate’s chain of control, which is not controlled by another institutional unit.
Control is the ability to determine the general policy of the affiliate by choosing appropriate directors, if necessary. In this context, enterprise A is deemed to be controlled by an institutional unit B when B controls, whether directly or indirectly, more than half of the shareholders' voting power or more than half of the shares.
Indirect control means that an institutional unit may have control through another affiliate which has control over enterprise A.
Active enterprise is a statistical units which at any time during the reference period was ‘enterprise’, as defined in Regulation (EEC) No 696/93, and also active during the same reference period. A statistical unit is considered to have been active during the reference period if, in said period, it either realized positive net turnover or produced outputs or had employees or performed investments.
Employees and self-employed persons are persons who work for an observation unit on the basis of a contract of employment and receives compensation in the form of wages, salaries, fees, gratuities, piecework pay or remuneration in kind; and persons who are the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work. Family workers and outworkers, whose income is a function of the value of the outputs of the statistical unit, are also included.
Employee benefits expense contains all expenses arising in relation with employee benefits, recognized by the statistical unit during the reference period. Those are are all forms of consideration given by the statistical unit in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment.
Research and experimental development (R & D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge. Expenditures on intramural R & D represent the amount of money spent on R & D that is performed within a reporting unit. Intramural R & D expenditures are all current expenditures plus gross fixed capital expenditures for R & D performed within a statistical unit during a specific reference period whatever the source of funds. R & D current expenditures include labour costs for internal R & D personnel and other current costs (costs for external R & D personnel, purchase of services.). Gross fixed capital expenditures for R & D include: acquisition of land, acquisition of buildings, acquisition of information and communication equipment, acquisition of transport equipment, acquisition of other machinery and equipment, acquisition of capitalised computer software, acquisition of other intellectual property products.
R & D personnel in a statistical unit include all persons engaged directly in R & D, whether employed by the statistical unit or external contributors fully integrated into the statistical unit’s R & D activities, as well as those providing direct services for the R & D activities (such as R & D managers, administrators, technicians and clerical staff).
Total purchases of goods and services contains all amount of goods and services purchased by the statistical unit, recognized in accounting as either current assets or expenses during the reference period.
Purchases of goods and services for resale in are purchases of goods for resale to third parties without further processing. It also includes purchases of services by ‘invoicing’ service companies, i.e. those whose turnover is composed not only of agency fees charged on a service transaction (as in the case of estate agents) but also the actual amount involved in the service transaction, e.g. transport purchases by travel agents.
Net turnover consists of all income arising during the reference period in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit, and is presented net of all price reductions, discounts and rebates granted by it.
Value of output represents the value of the total output of the statistical unit, generated during the reference period.
Value added is a composite indicator of net operating income, adjusted for depreciation, amortization and employee benefits, all components being recognized as such by the statistical unit during the reference period.
Gross investment in tangible non-current assets includes all additions to tangible non-current assets, recognized as such by the statistical unit during the reference period, except any increases from revaluations or reversals of previously recognized impairment losses and from reclassifications (transfers) of other tangible non-current assets.
The statistical unit of FATS is the enterprise as defined in line with the Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community.
For all variables except for variables 230101 (Intramural R & D expenditure), 230301 (Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises), 230201 (R & D personnel) and 230401 (R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises): Market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to R and divisions S95 and S96;
For variables 230101 (Intramural R & D expenditure), 230301 (Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises), 230201 (R & D personnel) and 230401 (R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises): Market producers of NACE Sections B to F.
Denmark
Data refers to the calendar year, which in some cases corresponds to the fiscal year.
The foreign-owned companies include only those it has been possible to find using several sources. There may therefore be more foreign owned enterprises than those included in the statistics of foreign owned enterprises and this may affect the statistics overall precision and reliability. There is no uncertainty calculations. One source of uncertainty is that there may be more foreign-owned enterprises than those included in these statistics.
Number of enterprises and employment variables are recorded in absolute figures.
Monetary data of enterprises are recorded in millions of €.
In IFATS administrative data is used. Information on foreign ownership is therefore not imputed. The economic variables come from SBS, which is a sample survey with some imputed values.
IFATS administrative data is used. Information on foreign ownership is therefore not imputed. The economic variables come from SBS, which is a sample survey combined with administrative data and some imputed values.
Annual for all variables except for variables 230101 (Intramural R & D expenditure), 230301 (Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises), 230201 (R & D personnel) and 230401 (R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises): Market producers of NACE Sections B to N and P to R and divisions S95 and S96;
Biennial (every odd-numbered year) for variables 230101 (Intramural R & D expenditure), 230301 (Intramural R & D expenditure in foreign-controlled enterprises), 230201 (R & D personnel) and 230401 (R & D personnel in foreign-controlled enterprises): Market producers of NACE Sections B to F.
Data transmission to Eurostat takes place t+20 months and data dissemination at national level takes place t+20.
IFATS data from Denmark is comparable to IFATS data from other EU countries, as the data collection is based on the same manuals and regulations.
The length of the time series is the year 2007 to 2023 and the length of the comparable time series is 2008-2020 pre EBS regulation and 2021-2023, which is the post the introduction of the EBS regulation, where the scope of NACE activities is expanded.
