Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Services Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (STEC) statistics provide information on the types of enterprises engaged in international trade in services and show how enterprises in different industries supply services and how this relates to their primary activity. STEC disclose additional insights into trade statistics, by allowing the profiling of the enterprises according to selected characteristics such as number of employees, type of ownership and economic activity.
A+B - Agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining and quarrying,
D+E - Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities,
I+L+O+P+Q+R+S+T+U - Accommodation and food service activities; real estate activities; public administration, defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; other services.
· NACE Sections:
C - Manufacturing,
F - Construction,
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles,
H - Transportation and storage,
J - Information and communication,
K - Financial and insurance activities,
M - Professional, scientific, and technical activities,
N - Administrative and support service activities.
1. Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
2. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
3. Transport
4. Travel
5. Construction
6. Insurance and pension services
7. Financial services
8. Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
9. Telecommunications, computer, and information services
10. Other business services
10.1. Research and development services
10.2. Professional and management consulting services
10.3. Technical, trade-related, and other business services
11. Personal, cultural and recreational services
12. Government goods and services, n.i.e.
3.5. Statistical unit
Enterprise.
3.6. Statistical population
The activity breakdown covers NACE sections from A to U.
The product breakdown covers EBOPS 2010 main items.
3.7. Reference area
The reference area is Cyprus
3.8. Coverage - Time
2023 (Revission for 2022 and first release for 2021)
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
All data sent to Eurostat are in Thousands of Euro for Euro Area countries and in Thousands of National currency for non-Euro Area countries. The unit of dissemination is Euro.
Calendar year 2023
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152on European business statistics sets the data requirements in the field of services trade by enterprise characteristics for the EU Member States and EFTA countries. The exact technical specifications are listed in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197, table 17 "Country-level business statistics on trade in services by enterprise characteristics (STEC) – annual data".
The variable must be reported annually with first reference year 2022.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Based on a memorandum of understanding between the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Statistical Service of Cyprus, a data sharing between the two institutions is established on certain areas. Moreover, the division of the various tasks with regards to the development, compilation and dissemination of both external statistics and National accounts, is based on informal/gentlemen's agreements.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
All data transmitted have a flag indicating the confidentiality level. In Cyprus, a data cell is considered primary confidential if the number of statistical units under that cell is less than 3 or the dominance of one or two units in the data cell is larger or equal to 90%. Subsequently, based on primary confidential cells, secondary confidentiality cells are assigned.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidential cells are not disclosed for publication, in accordance with the relevant Community and national legislation.
8.1. Release calendar
STEC data are not currently published by the CBC on its website.
8.2. Release calendar access
STEC data are not currently published by the CBC on its website.
8.3. Release policy - user access
STEC data are not currently published by the CBC on its website.
Annual.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
At the time being STEC data is not published in CBC's website
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
At the time being STEC data is not published in CBC's website
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
At the time being STEC data is not published in CBC's website
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
At the time being STEC data is not published in CBC's website
10.5. Dissemination format - other
At the time being STEC data is not published in CBC's website
Data quality is explicitly reflected in the strategic goals of the Statistics Department and measures for maintaining or improving data quality are regularly addressed in the annual work program of the Department. Quality controls are applied at both disaggregated and aggregated level. Most of the data are checked automatically at the level of data collection based on build in criteria. In addition, quality is assured by the application of various checks applied in the data before this is transmitted. For example, the checks concern, among others, outliers, consistency with related statistics. Finally, for selected large units, the CBC and CYSTAT have established an exchange data mechanism at micro level.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Eurostat assessed the completeness and accessibility of the 2023 dataset by evaluating the proportion of mandatory cells reported and the extent of confidentiality.
All mandatory cells across all tables were fully reported (100%), while approximately 28% of the dataset was flagged as confidential.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The STEC data are prepared in accordance with various recommendations and regulations, which were designed taking into account the user needs.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
No user satisfaction measurement exists in Cyprus
12.3. Completeness
The data transmitted were fully complete, ensuring that all required information was provided and no gaps or omissions were present
Cyprus makes every effort to ensure that STEC data is as accurate as possible and, at the same time, minimizing the need for revisions.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
T+18 months after the end of the reference period
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not applicable.
14.2. Punctuality
For Cyprus, all requested datasets were provided to Eurostat on time.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Not applicable.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The methodological framework underlying the STEC statistics ensures high comparability between countries. Detailed data requirements are defined in the European Business Statistics Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 and the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197.
Cyprus makes every effort to ensure the geographical comparability of its data.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Not applicable.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Not applicable.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
STEC data is consident with ITSS data
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
STEC and ITSS data are fully reconciled
Not applicable.
17.1. Data revision - policy
STEC data revisions are inline with the general revision policy of the CBC regarding external statistics.
17.2. Data revision - practice
STEC data is subject to revisions every September. (when annual trading services data are available) The length of the revisions is not always predefined. Usually, this would cover one year for STEC.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Can not be determined
18.1. Source data
A number of sources is used for the compilation of STEC data. Given that it shares a lot of similarities with BOP services data, the sources are the same. The main data source is surveys addressed to enterprises. Apart from this a number of other sources is used, namely, financial statements, VIES data, administrative data (incl. data received from the Cyprus Statistical Service), commercial data sources, e-commerce data. In addition, estimations are performed in certain cases.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual.
18.3. Data collection
The collection for STEC data is incorporated in the data collection for BOP purposes.
18.4. Data validation
A check was performed between STEC and ITS for any outliers. Also a check was performed to confirm that the subcategories sum up to the main categories and that all the mandatory breackdowns of STEC01, STEC02, STEC03 are created
18.5. Data compilation
Not applicable.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
Services Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (STEC) statistics provide information on the types of enterprises engaged in international trade in services and show how enterprises in different industries supply services and how this relates to their primary activity. STEC disclose additional insights into trade statistics, by allowing the profiling of the enterprises according to selected characteristics such as number of employees, type of ownership and economic activity.
A+B - Agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining and quarrying,
D+E - Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities,
I+L+O+P+Q+R+S+T+U - Accommodation and food service activities; real estate activities; public administration, defence; compulsory social security; education; human health and social work activities; other services.
· NACE Sections:
C - Manufacturing,
F - Construction,
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles,
H - Transportation and storage,
J - Information and communication,
K - Financial and insurance activities,
M - Professional, scientific, and technical activities,
N - Administrative and support service activities.
1. Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
2. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
3. Transport
4. Travel
5. Construction
6. Insurance and pension services
7. Financial services
8. Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
9. Telecommunications, computer, and information services
10. Other business services
10.1. Research and development services
10.2. Professional and management consulting services
10.3. Technical, trade-related, and other business services
11. Personal, cultural and recreational services
12. Government goods and services, n.i.e.
Enterprise.
The activity breakdown covers NACE sections from A to U.
The product breakdown covers EBOPS 2010 main items.
The reference area is Cyprus
Calendar year 2023
Cyprus makes every effort to ensure that STEC data is as accurate as possible and, at the same time, minimizing the need for revisions.
All data sent to Eurostat are in Thousands of Euro for Euro Area countries and in Thousands of National currency for non-Euro Area countries. The unit of dissemination is Euro.
Not applicable.
A number of sources is used for the compilation of STEC data. Given that it shares a lot of similarities with BOP services data, the sources are the same. The main data source is surveys addressed to enterprises. Apart from this a number of other sources is used, namely, financial statements, VIES data, administrative data (incl. data received from the Cyprus Statistical Service), commercial data sources, e-commerce data. In addition, estimations are performed in certain cases.
Annual.
T+18 months after the end of the reference period
The methodological framework underlying the STEC statistics ensures high comparability between countries. Detailed data requirements are defined in the European Business Statistics Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 and the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197.
Cyprus makes every effort to ensure the geographical comparability of its data.
