Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
[LU1] National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC) (Luxembourg)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Balance of Payments (Unit MAC3)
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
22 October 2024
2.2. Metadata last posted
22 October 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
22 October 2024
3.1. Data description
Statistics on international supply of services (ISS) by modes of supply (MoS) show how and where services are supplied internationally, namely by answering the question of 'how' services are exchanged across countries and 'where' services are supplied to foreign customers. Detailed information on international supply of services statistics by services category, mode of supply and partner country help policymakers carry out the ongoing and future trade negotiating agenda with facts and strong, evidence-based arguments and they allow to monitor the impact of services trade agreements.
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first multilateral agreement to cover trade in services, defines trade in services as the supply of a service through any of four modes of supply, outlined in the bullet points below.
Mode 1 - cross-border supply: from the territory of one country into the territory of another country;
Mode 2 - consumption abroad: in the territory of one country to the service consumer of another country;
Mode 3 - commercial presence: by a service supplier of one country, through a commercial presence in the territory of another country. The FATS framework is designed to provide information on the activities of enterprises located in foreign markets;
Mode 4 - presence of natural persons: by a service supplier of one country, through the presence of natural persons of that country in the territory of any other country.
Table 1. Product breakdown by EBOPS 2010 main and detailed components, and complementary groupings
EBOPS 2010 Main Components
EBOPS 2010 Detailed components
1. Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
2. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
Optional: 2.a Of which: goods
3. Transport
Optional: Valuation of freight transport services on a transaction-basis
3.1. Sea transport
3.2. Air transport
3.3. Other modes of transport
3.4. Postal and courier services
4. Travel
4.a. Of which: goods*
5. Construction
5.a. Of which: goods
6. Insurance and pension services
7. Financial services
8. Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
9. Telecommunications, computer, and information services
9.1. Telecommunications services
9.2. Computer services
9.3. Information services
10. Other business services
10.1. Research and development services
10.2. Professional and management consulting services
Optional items:
10.2.1. Legal, accounting, management consulting, and public relations services;
10.2.2. Advertising, market research, and public opinion polling services
10.3. Technical, trade-related, and other business services
Optional items:
10.3.1. Architectural, engineering, scientific, and other technical services;
10.3.2. Waste treatment and de-pollution, agricultural and mining services;
10.3.3. Operating leasing services;
10.3.4. Trade-related services;
10.3.5. Other business services n.i.e.
11. Personal, cultural and recreational services
11.1. Audiovisual and related services
11.2. Other personal, cultural and recreational services
12. Government goods and services, n.i.e
12.a Of which goods
EBOPS 2010 complementary grouping C. Total trade-related transactions (optional item) C.a Trade-related services (item 10.3.4 – optional item) C.b Distribution services**
* We have subtracted an estimate of the goods value for Travel (SD), using Tourism Satellite Accounts to determine the percentage of goods.
**Distribution services have been estimated using Trade by partner country and NACE Rev. 2 activity data for NACE G and all NACE activities, along with BOP Goods and SBS Trade Margin.
Product breakdown according to CPA classification is voluntary.
Total international supply of services (total of modes 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Mode 1 (‘cross border transactions’),
Mode 2 (‘consumption abroad’),
Mode 3 (‘commercial presence’), and
Mode 4 (‘presence of natural persons’).
3.5. Statistical unit
Not applicable.
3.6. Statistical population
Total international supply of services by all four modes of supply.
3.7. Reference area
The reference area describes the geographical area covered by the data disseminated. According to the BOP Vademecum, the reference area is the economic territory, country, or region for which external sector statistics are provided. The country code list follows the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 classification and is a "cross-domain" code list, used also in National Accounts. The codes used for various regional groupings are harmonized across international agencies that use the BOP-DSD.
3.8. Coverage - Time
2024
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Data are reported in national currency (thousands).
Eurostat disseminates data in million euro.
Calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics sets the data requirements in the field of international supply of services by modes for the EU Member States and EFTA countries. The exact technical specifications are listed in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197. The requirements concerning the MoS domain are defined in table 38 "Statistics on international activities – International Supply of Services by Mode of Supply – annual data" of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197. The variable must be reported annually with first reference year 2023.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Data is shared between STATEC and BCL
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2011/07/10/n5/jo" The Law of 10 July 2011 on the organization of the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, and amending the amended Law of 22 June 1963 governing the remuneration of State civil servants, stipulates the confidential treatment of individual data.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council stipulates the main principles and provisions for receiving, processing and disseminating the confidential data. According to article 3 of this Regulation, confidential data is defined as “data which allow statistical units to be identified, either directly or indirectly, thereby disclosing individual information. To determine whether a statistical unit is identifiable, account shall be taken of all relevant means that might reasonably be used by a third party to identify the statistical unit” Applied primary confidentiality rules: The frequency rule (less than three enterprises in one cell) The dominance rule (one enterprise with no more of 80% of the value, or two enterprises that have 85% of the value) Applied secondary confidentiality rules: The application of secondary confidentiality ensures that confidential data are not unintentionally revealed, for example when only a single cell under an aggregate value is marked as confidential.
8.1. Release calendar
Currently, there is no national-level release; the data are disseminated exclusively by Eurostat.
8.2. Release calendar access
Not applicable.
8.3. Release policy - user access
Not applicable.
Annual.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Currently no release
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Currently no release
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Currently no release
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
No microdata are accessible for people outside STATEC and BCL
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Data is shared with the national Accounts units inside STATEC
STATEC follows the recommendations on organisation and management of quality given in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and the implementation guidelines given in the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF). The data collection and compilation system contains built-in quality control tools for syntactical, logical and plausibility checks. A special IT application is used to discover outliers on the level of single reporting units. Response rates are closely monitored. The staff evaluates the plausibility of the data and make crosschecks with other available data where appropriate. Trade-offs between quality, cost and respondent burden are discussed internally. In its commitment to the highest quality standards in the compilation of statistics, Luxembourg has adhered to the IMF’s Special Data Dissemination Standard data initiative at the highest level (SDDS+). Quality controls are applied at both disaggregated and aggregated level. Data are checked at the level of the data collection tool for syntax (codification), consistency and completeness. Further controls consist, inter alia, in performing cross-checks with other data sources as VAT declarations and plausibility checks with e.g. business reports. In the monthly production process, top-down quality controls are carried out. In the quarterly and yearly production cycle, bottom-up procedures are applied. Consistency checks between flows and stock data are also performed.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Not applicable for the first reference year.
In general, according to the information available from the quality reports, the data providers have applied the recommendations available in the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
National users are STATEC, BCL, various ministries of the national government.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
In a survey of users'satisfaction launched in 2021 by STATEC, more than 70% of users declared to trust official statistics: https://statistiques.public.lu/en/statistique-publique/statec/qualite/satisfaction.html
12.3. Completeness
Statistics on the international supply of services by modes of supply are compiled in accordance with EU legislation, which is directly applicable in all Member States. All required datasets are duly provided.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Not applicable
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
T+10M after the ref. period for Modes 1,2 and 4 T+22M after the ref. period for Mode 3 and totals
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not applicable
14.2. Punctuality
Transmission date : 31st of October 2025 Data transmission deadline : end of October 2025
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Not applicable.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
From a methodological perspective, comparability across countries is ensured by applying EU-defined concepts and guidelines, notably those from EBS and MoS.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
2024-2023
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
MoS data is available since referenc year 2023.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
MoS (modes 1, 2 and 4) is derived from ITS (BoP) data and is therefore fully consistent with balance of payments services statistics, while mode 3 is based on FATS and is fully aligned with the European Business Statistics framework.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
There are no issues regarding the internal coherence of the time series at the national level.
Not applicable
17.1. Data revision - policy
Revisions in ITS lead to revisions in MOS
17.2. Data revision - practice
Revisions in ITS lead to revisions in MOS
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
Internationa Trade in Services Statistics (ITSS) Foreign Affiliate Trade statistics (IFATS and OFATS) Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) Trade by enterprise characteristics (TEC) Services trade by enterprise characteristics (STEC) Estimations
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual.
18.3. Data collection
Balance of payments Survey Compilation methods according to BPM6
Travel Data from supervisory administrations, survey data (tourism survey, accommodation business survey, household survey), employment data Compilation procedures according to BPM6, common procedures for NA (ESA2010) and BOP (BPM6) for certain subdivisions
After the questionnaires have been accepted by STATEC and the Central Bank, there are a number of validation practices in the compilation process for the BOP, IIP and related statistics. In principle, the plausibility of the data is observed (development of time series), presence of outliers, size of revisions as well as correspondence with other statistical data (e.g. Foreign Trade Statistics, Banking Statistics) as well as mirror data from main partner countries. For the current account in particular, survey data for the BOP are entering I/O analysis as part of reconciling business statistics on a micro level. The results of I/O analysis in turn are entering the BOP/current account in the course of the revision process.
18.5. Data compilation
Not applicable
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
Statistics on international supply of services (ISS) by modes of supply (MoS) show how and where services are supplied internationally, namely by answering the question of 'how' services are exchanged across countries and 'where' services are supplied to foreign customers. Detailed information on international supply of services statistics by services category, mode of supply and partner country help policymakers carry out the ongoing and future trade negotiating agenda with facts and strong, evidence-based arguments and they allow to monitor the impact of services trade agreements.
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first multilateral agreement to cover trade in services, defines trade in services as the supply of a service through any of four modes of supply, outlined in the bullet points below.
Mode 1 - cross-border supply: from the territory of one country into the territory of another country;
Mode 2 - consumption abroad: in the territory of one country to the service consumer of another country;
Mode 3 - commercial presence: by a service supplier of one country, through a commercial presence in the territory of another country. The FATS framework is designed to provide information on the activities of enterprises located in foreign markets;
Mode 4 - presence of natural persons: by a service supplier of one country, through the presence of natural persons of that country in the territory of any other country.
Table 1. Product breakdown by EBOPS 2010 main and detailed components, and complementary groupings
EBOPS 2010 Main Components
EBOPS 2010 Detailed components
1. Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others
2. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.
Optional: 2.a Of which: goods
3. Transport
Optional: Valuation of freight transport services on a transaction-basis
3.1. Sea transport
3.2. Air transport
3.3. Other modes of transport
3.4. Postal and courier services
4. Travel
4.a. Of which: goods*
5. Construction
5.a. Of which: goods
6. Insurance and pension services
7. Financial services
8. Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e.
9. Telecommunications, computer, and information services
9.1. Telecommunications services
9.2. Computer services
9.3. Information services
10. Other business services
10.1. Research and development services
10.2. Professional and management consulting services
Optional items:
10.2.1. Legal, accounting, management consulting, and public relations services;
10.2.2. Advertising, market research, and public opinion polling services
10.3. Technical, trade-related, and other business services
Optional items:
10.3.1. Architectural, engineering, scientific, and other technical services;
10.3.2. Waste treatment and de-pollution, agricultural and mining services;
10.3.3. Operating leasing services;
10.3.4. Trade-related services;
10.3.5. Other business services n.i.e.
11. Personal, cultural and recreational services
11.1. Audiovisual and related services
11.2. Other personal, cultural and recreational services
12. Government goods and services, n.i.e
12.a Of which goods
EBOPS 2010 complementary grouping C. Total trade-related transactions (optional item) C.a Trade-related services (item 10.3.4 – optional item) C.b Distribution services**
* We have subtracted an estimate of the goods value for Travel (SD), using Tourism Satellite Accounts to determine the percentage of goods.
**Distribution services have been estimated using Trade by partner country and NACE Rev. 2 activity data for NACE G and all NACE activities, along with BOP Goods and SBS Trade Margin.
Product breakdown according to CPA classification is voluntary.
Total international supply of services (total of modes 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Mode 1 (‘cross border transactions’),
Mode 2 (‘consumption abroad’),
Mode 3 (‘commercial presence’), and
Mode 4 (‘presence of natural persons’).
Not applicable.
Total international supply of services by all four modes of supply.
The reference area describes the geographical area covered by the data disseminated. According to the BOP Vademecum, the reference area is the economic territory, country, or region for which external sector statistics are provided. The country code list follows the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 classification and is a "cross-domain" code list, used also in National Accounts. The codes used for various regional groupings are harmonized across international agencies that use the BOP-DSD.
Calendar year.
Not applicable
Data are reported in national currency (thousands).
Eurostat disseminates data in million euro.
Not applicable
Internationa Trade in Services Statistics (ITSS) Foreign Affiliate Trade statistics (IFATS and OFATS) Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) Trade by enterprise characteristics (TEC) Services trade by enterprise characteristics (STEC) Estimations
Annual.
T+10M after the ref. period for Modes 1,2 and 4 T+22M after the ref. period for Mode 3 and totals
From a methodological perspective, comparability across countries is ensured by applying EU-defined concepts and guidelines, notably those from EBS and MoS.
