Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia.

Environment and Energy Statistics Section.

Litostrojska cesta 54, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.

PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.

This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).

The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:

1. Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
2. Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
3. Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
4. Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
5. Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates. 
6. Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
7. Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.

The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy.
PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA.
As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES).
Three concepts are essential to PEFA:
1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely:
a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.;
b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.;
c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment.
2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA;
3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

Data are available for the following time period: 2008-2021

Not applicable.

The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).

The data refer to the calendar year.

PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).

Not applicable.

Information on national confidentiality rules: http://www.stat.si/statweb/en/FundamentalPrinciples/StatConf

Energy use in NACE U99 are reported under NACE H49, since the number of units is lower then 3 (national rules).

Data are published anually (before data are reported to Eurostat). Release calendar is prepared at the end of every calendar year for the next calendar year.

Release calendar is publicly available via the following link (in English): https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/ReleaseCal

Data tables are disseminated every year on SIStat database, general data information are given in a form of a First Release (short article) on SURS's web page. All data are publicly available.

Data are disseminated annually.

First Releases are published on SURS's website according to the preannounced release calendar. Data tables are published on a same date on SIStat database. All data are publicly available.

PEFA data are publshed in the following formats:

- First Release (short article, with only general data included) on SURS's website;

- data tables on SiStat database.

Data are published in national database and are publicly available: link

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Not applicable.

PEFA data are mostly based on energy statistics data. Those data are available on SiStat national database and Eurostat database.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Methodological explanationas are publicly availabe on SURS' website (also in English): link

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Quality reports are publicly availabe online: link

At the end of every survey (i.e. on annual level, if not determined otherwise), national quality report is prepared and disseminated on SURS' website. Quality guidelines are closely followed by all staff. Training courses, use of best practices (from other institutions, both domestic and foreign), self-assesments and other necessary processes are also a part of quality assurance framework within the unit and institution.

The current statistical outputs are estimated as optimal. Data collecting, processing and the dissemination process are verified. No quality improvements are planned in the near future, although they are not excluded.

Data are freely available to general public. Users are researchers, students, governmental and non-governmental institutions, companies etc.

User satisfaction surveys are being carried out on an institutional level and not for this certain survey. Users can however directly contact the statistitian responsible for the survey (SURS's e-mail address and phone number are provided in SI-STAT database portal), but this is mostly used for data inquries.

The completeness according to relevant regulations/guideliness is 100%.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data are mostly based on national energy statistics data. Accuracy is ensured through close work with data providers and data checks within the NSO.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Collection of data sources about 6 months prior to publication. Data are processed with PEFA tools (PEFA Builder and PEFA NACE Breakdown tool. Every year the entire time series (from 2008 onwards) is updated and the last year is added (T+21 months principle). PEFA data are published nationally before data are sent to Eurostat (usually cca. 2 weeks before). URS disseminates data on national level in September and send data to Eurostat also in September each year.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.

Not applicable.

Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):

 There are no breaks in time series in PEFA data provided by Slovenia.

Although PEFA data are based on energy statistics data, there is no full comparability. Contrary to energy statistics, PEFA data are adjusted to residence principle and are disaggregated to NACE/HH level (2-digit) classification. Some aggregates (totals) may be partially comparable, but the methodological differences in data compilation process should be taken into account when interpreting and comparing the data. 

Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.

PEFA data are coherent with European system of accounts (ESA), in particular with ESA supply and use tables. PEFA follows residence principle.

Yes, the process of calculation is in part connected, specifically with adjusting data to residence principle and disaggregating road transport energy use/emissions to NACE and HH.

Yes, residence principle adjustment and disaggregation of road transport fuel use.

PEFA data are based on energy statistics and adjusted to the residence principle and are in line with SEEA-CF concepts for trade in goods.

Yes, for both PEFA and AEA surveys the OECD data is used for estimating air transport energy use/emissions.

The data compilation process ensures comparability of PEFA data points with corresponding data points in energy statistics. Some rather small possible deviations may be subject of use of auxilliary data in PEFA survey, such as data used for residence principle adjustment and allocating road transport energy use to NACE/HH. However, the aggregates should be fully in line (taking into account residence principle adjustment).

There is no direct cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and the corresponding data points in economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) included in data compilation process at the moment, however it is estimated that the data (given the data sources used) are comparable.

Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.

AEA dataare being processed, disseminated and reported by 1 statistitician. It is estimated that full time equivalent (1) in months normally account to 4 months. There are no additional costs; data processing is made only by staff on SURS.

Standard procedures applied for revisions are available online in document Methodological explanations - revision of statistical data.

PEFA data (whole time series, from 2008 onwards) are being revised annualy.

PEFA data (whole time series, from 2008 onwards) are revised anually. Revisions are planned and are made due to possible annual changes in JQ data, auxilliary data used in data compilation process, changes in Eurostat's requirements for data processing, PEFA tools etc.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.

Main data source are 5 annual Joint Questionnaires for Energy Statistics (COAL, PETROL, ELECTRICITY, OIL and RENEWABLES) from where the data for the use of natural energy inputs are estimated. 

Main data source are 5 annual Joint Questionnaires for Energy Statistics (COAL, PETROL, ELECTRICITY, OIL and RENEWABLES), which are used for estimating supply of energy products.

Main data source are 5 annual Joint Questionnaires for Energy Statistics (COAL, PETROL, ELECTRICITY, OIL and RENEWABLES) and SUT data are also used for estimating use by energy transforming entities.

Main data source are 5 annual Joint Questionnaires for Energy Statistics (COAL, PETROL, ELECTRICITY, OIL and RENEWABLES). In order to allocate energy use of certain energy products by NACE, SURS also uses supply-use tables of energy products (preprared within Section for National Accounts). For residence principle adjustment SURS uses national transport statistics (personal and freight transport), national tourism statistical data (tourism satellite accounts), business reports from major transport companies on fuel used (sea port in Koper, national airport company etc.), OECD data on air emissions from air transport (for 2020), data on petroleum products sold/imported/exported in Slovenia, data on fuel sold by "truck cards" by residence of buyer (data obtained from 3 major companies that sell fuel on gas pumps), etc.. For the purpose of proper allocation of road transport energy use by NACE activities, the data from Registry of vehicles and documents - "MRVL" is used.

Main data source for detailed allocation of energy use are supply-use tables (SUT) of energy products. In case of detailed allocation of household consumption SURS uses the data from Household budget survey (HBS), from where the data on household assets used for transportation, heating and cooling and other purposes are obtained (based on this data, SURS calculates the shares and allocates households energy use). Allocation of road transport energy use is based on administrative data from Registry of vehicles and documents (MRVL).

Yes, for populating PEFA tables and final control.

SURS adjusts energy use to residence principle for air transport based on data on use of fuel by national carrier and jet fuel sold to domestic/foreign air companies (for 2008-2019) and data form OECD on CO2 emissions (data were recalculated to energy use) from air transport (for 2020). For residence adjustment of energy use in water transport SURS used data from only national sea port on fuel sold and data from only national ship transport company on fuel used). For road transport residence adjustment there was a methodological revision carried out in 2022, which included collecting data from major companies that sell fuel on gas pumps in the country (data on fuel sold by "truck cards", based on residency of buyer) and from tourism satellie accounts (for the purpose of personal transport residence adjustment). It has to be noted that since Slovenia only has 1 sea port, 1 national shipping company and 1 national air carrier (operating until 2019), this may result in some rather big fluctuations of energy use of residents abroad and non-residents on the territory for air and water transport, when data for several years are compared.

 Data sources are collected annualy. All data sources are annual data.

 Data are annualy collected directly from administrative (OECD database, major petrol companies truck cards data, National Vehicle Registry data from Ministry of Infrastructure) and statistical data sources (energy, household budget survey, transport statistics).

Data are processed through PEFA Builder and NACE Breakdown tool and are checked in PEFA Questionnaire (automated check). Visual check of the data is also made (comparison with previous reporting years for possible major/unexplained discrepancies) and comparison with JQ data.

Data si compiled through PEFA tools. There is no special imputation or weighting process foreseen for this survey.

Not applicable.

No, supply of elerctricity and heat from autroproduces was allocated to various NACE activities, not only D35. The diaggregation is based on data from annual Joint Questionnaires for energy (JQ). The proper division of data reported in JQ was made based on instructions from "Electricity and heat annual questionnaire and histroical revisions" handbook, where links between reporting values in JQ and NACE codes is described.

The allocation is made with data obtained from Registry of vehicles and documents (MRVL database), where all vehicles are assigned to NACE codes. This allocation was then included in table No. 15 of NACE Breakdown tool. Allocation is based on detailed data: for light and heavy duty vehicles distribution key is based on number of vehicles and mileage, while for personal cars distibution key is based on number of vehicles, mileage and average fuel consumption.

Supply-use tables data are used for allocation of energy use to detailed service industries (i.e. NACE 2-digit divisions 55-98).

PEFA data compilation process is in part connected with AEA data compilation. As PEFA, part of AEA emissions are allocated based on SUT data.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.