Physical energy flow accounts (env_pefa)

National Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure (SIMS)

Compiling agency: Statistics Portugal


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Metadata update
3. Statistical presentation
4. Unit of measure
5. Reference Period
6. Institutional Mandate
7. Confidentiality
8. Release policy
9. Frequency of dissemination
10. Accessibility and clarity
11. Quality management
12. Relevance
13. Accuracy
14. Timeliness and punctuality
15. Coherence and comparability
16. Cost and Burden
17. Data revision
18. Statistical processing
19. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)



For any question on data and metadata, please contact: EUROPEAN STATISTICAL DATA SUPPORT

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1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation
Statistics Portugal
1.2. Contact organisation unit

Environment Statistics Unit
1.5. Contact mail address

STATISTICS PORTUGAL – HEAD OFFICE

Av. António José de Almeida

1000-043 LISBOA

PORTUGAL


2. Metadata update Top
2.1. Metadata last certified 21/11/2022
2.2. Metadata last posted 21/11/2022
2.3. Metadata last update 21/11/2022


3. Statistical presentation Top
3.1. Data description

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.

PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.


This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).

The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology
3.2. Classification system

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:

  1. Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
  2. Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
  3. Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
  4. Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
  5. Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates. 
  6. Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
  7. Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.
3.3. Coverage - sector

The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.

 
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy.
PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA.
As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES).
Three concepts are essential to PEFA:
1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely:
a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.;
b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.;
c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment.
2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA;
3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.
3.5. Statistical unit

Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.
3.6. Statistical population

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.
3.7. Reference area

Portugal
3.8. Coverage - Time

From 2000 to 2021
3.9. Base period

Not applicable.


4. Unit of measure Top

The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).


5. Reference Period Top

The data refer to the calendar year.


6. Institutional Mandate Top
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements

PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

Not applicable.


7. Confidentiality Top

Statistics Portugal's Statistical Confidentiality Policy stems from the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Law No. 22/2008 of 13 May, which establishes the principles, rules and structure of the National Statistical System (SEN), and in particular the Principle of the Statistical Secret. (Article 6) of Regulation (EC) 223/2009 of 11 March (Article 20 et seq.), as amended by Regulation 2015/759 of 29 April establishing the legal framework for development, production and dissemination European Statistics and Regulation (EU) 557/2013 of 17 June concerning access to confidential data for scientific purposes.

It is also governed by the principles agreed between EU Member States and contained in the European Statistics Code of Conduct (2nd revision / 2017), namely Principle 5 on Statistical Confidentiality and, more broadly, by the Fundamental Principles of Statistics Officers, established by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 1994 and approved by the United Nations General Assembly in January 2014 (principle 6).

With regard to the processing of personal data the exercise of statistical activity also complies with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the Parliament and of the Council of 27 April laying down the rules on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. and the free movement of such data and other applicable legislation.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Statistical production is a process through which from information gathered (censual or sampling) from institutions or departments, individuals or collectives we produce statistics that represent an important tool for analyzing and taking decisions for the whole Society.
 
It is recognized that the whole decision process, in its several levels — political, economic and social —, whether individual or collective, is supported on information, including statistical information, which must be accurate, exempt and up-to-date.
 
However, the knowledge provided by the statistics is inseparable from the respect for confidentiality associated to information collected near Information providers, and leads to the inevitable legal appeal of "considerations of proportionality", which means that production of statistics has necessarily to operate the practical concordance and the harmonization between the information that should be of public domain and the one that should be kept under secrecy. Only in this way it can be ensured confidence in the Statistical System.
 
Thus, the following publication (available only in Portuguese), was prepared:
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Statistics Portugal adopts the logical, physical and administrative measures necessary for the protection of confidential data to be effective, from data collection to its publication.
Survey questionnaires include a legal clause that informs about the protection that protects the collected data.
In the information processing phases, data that allow direct identification is kept only as long as strictly necessary to ensure the quality of the processes.
Publishing result tables analyzes the details of the information to prevent sensitive data from being deduced from statistical units. Where microdata files are disseminated, they are always anonymized.
Environmental Accounts are a statistical operation included in the National Statistical Plan, therefore subject to the Law no 22/2008, of May 13th, 2008, that defines the general basis of the National Statistical System. and, therefore, their data are protected by the Statistical Secret, at all stages of their preparation process.


8. Release policy Top
Statistical data are a key asset in today society, and an essential tool in supporting the most relevant decision-making processes, both at the public and private level, and in carrying out analyses and research.
 
Statistical data are therefore of great interest to public and private decision-makers, politicians, economic agents, analysts and researchers, paving the way for all individuals to gain more awareness of their citizenship.
 
Data dissemination, which is a key stage of statistical activity, is instrumental in implementing and highlighting strict compliance with the mission of statistical authorities.
 
The Dissemination policy of Statistics Portugal lays down the fundamental principles governing the dissemination of official statistics, directly or indirectly produced under its responsibility. It should have as main reference the applicable principles of the National Statistical System: technical independence, statistical confidentiality, quality and accessibility.
 
In accordance with provision 15, Chapter B of the Dissemination Policy, prior access, under embargo, to official statistical data is granted (at around 9 am of the release day) to the Directors of Madeira and Azores Regional Statistics Offices, when data allow for NUTS 2 breakdown.
8.1. Release calendar
20th November 2023
8.2. Release calendar access

https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?PORTLET_ID=JSP&xpgid=ine_calendarios&xpid=INE&PORTLET_NAME=ine_cont_header_dest_cal_en&PORTLET_UID=%23JSP%3Aine_cont_header_dest_cal_en%23&DESTAQUEStema=5414368&DESTAQUESdata_inicial=&DESTAQUESdata_final=&DESTAQUESfreeText=
8.3. Release policy - user access
Data are simultaneously released, according to the publication schedule, to all stakeholders, in most cases accompanied by a press release. At the same time, the data are published on Statistics Portugal website (https://www.ine.pt). Custom requests are also sent to registered users. Some users may receive information under embargo as specified in the European Statistics Code of Practice. The release policy determines the dissemination of statistical data to all users at the same time. The scope of dissemination is public. Users are informed that data is being released through a press release.


9. Frequency of dissemination Top

Yearly


10. Accessibility and clarity Top
Wide and easy access to official statistical data is a standing priority of Statistics Portugal, as well as the commitment to quality improvement of the service provided. In this vein, access to statistical data is made available using modern information and communication technology in order to meet user needs and permitting easy access to information.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
An updated press release and data tables are yearly released, next on the 20th November 2023
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

There is no publication on this topic.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=541038777&DESTAQUESmodo=2
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
The policy of attention to personalized requests is to analyze if confidentiality and statistical significance conditions are met. After this analysis, a feasibility report is prepared and sent to the petitioner.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
10.6. Documentation on methodology

A description of national PEFA methodology and metadata is available in our press release and under URL: https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_docmetodsec2010b2016_cn&contexto=cs&perfil=392023991.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
10.7. Quality management - documentation

We do not provide any quality reports.


11. Quality management Top
Statistics Portugal is part of the European Statistical System and has adopted the European Statistics Code of Practice, since its first edition (2005), as firm guidance for the success of its mission. Since its last revision (November 2017), the Code comprises the Quality Declaration of the European Statistical System, 16 Principles and 84 indicators of best practices and standards for each of the Principles, defining the European benchmarks for the statistical activity, covering the institutional environment, statistical processes, and statistical outputs.
11.1. Quality assurance
Statistics Portugal (SP) is the main authority for the production and dissemination of official statistics in Portugal and its work is steered by the underlying principles of its mission, vision, and values, which are quality-oriented and known to the public. In what concerns its legal framework, quality in statistics is defined by the Portuguese Statistical System Law, article 7 (Law no. 22/2008) and the Regulation (EC) nº 223/2009, (amended by the European Regulation 2015/759), at national and European levels, respectively.
 
SP is part of the European Statistical System (ESS) and has adopted the European Statistics Code of Practice, since its first edition (2005), as firm guidance for the success of its mission. Since its last revision (November 2017), the Code comprises the Quality Declaration of the European Statistical System, 16 Principles and 84 indicators of best practices and standards for each of the Principles, defining the European benchmarks for the statistical activity, covering the institutional environment, statistical processes, and statistical outputs. Although all 16 principles are essential, it is important to highlight Principle 4 (Commitment to Quality): Statistical authorities are committed to quality. They systematically and regularly identify strengths and weaknesses to continuously improve process and output quality.
 
The Quality Assurance Framework (QAF) is a useful tool in implementing the Code of Practice in the member states, recommending possible actions at the institutional and process level for each of the Code’s indicators.
 
In the framework of its mission and in line with the Code of Practice, SP follows reliable and robust methodologies and adequate procedures, according to the best international practices. It also maintains and makes public an extensive set of documentation on concepts and classifications, included on its Metadata System, as an important and constant groundwork for its activity. Moreover, SP produces and disseminates statistics in an impartial, objective and transparent manner and treats all users equally, in agreement with its Dissemination Policy. All these aspects have a positive impact on the credibility of the produced statistics and the perceived quality and trust of the institution as a whole.
 
SP’s quality commitment is clearly and publicly stated and is an essential aspect in conveying the trustworthiness of Portuguese official statistics. This standard is the cornerstone of its customer and information provider’s relationship management. SP’s users and partners recognize the quality of statistics, of services and products, of staff’s excellence and of the overall image of the institution, past and present. With this goal in mind, SP’s latest version of its Quality Chart, released in 2019, establishes SP’s public commitment towards the following stakeholders and areas:
•Information security
•Relation with respondents;
•Relation with statistical information users;
•Revisions policy;
•Data dissemination practices;
•Availability of statistical products and other products;
•Tailor-made responses to specific user requests and general user support;
•Welcoming procedures for visitors to SP’s premises;
•Management of users’ suggestions and complaints;
•Users’ satisfaction and evaluation activities;
•Management of Human Resources;
•Cooperation with external entities.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The General Guidelines of Official Statistical Activity 2018-2022, constitute an important framework for the strategic objectives of the National Statistical System (NSS) and the relevant actions for the Statistical Authorities. Quality-related aspects are prominent in this particular document.
 
The quality management system implemented by SP follows the principles of the ISO 9001:2015 Standard, whenever convenient, having adopted a systematic and process-oriented approach in accordance with the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle. This system comprises a wide range of instruments, methods, and activities covering process documentation, performance assessment, and user relations, as follows:
•Internal and external audits, highlighting the two rounds of Peer Review (2008 and 2015) in what external audits
are concerned;
•Performance indicators and management tools, drawing attention to QUAR (in the context of the Public Administration performance assessment and management system – SIADAP) and a specific set of quality
monitoring criteria;
•User and respondent satisfaction questionnaires, towards the different services provided (in compliance with the ISO 10004:2012 Standard);
•Suggestions and complaints management system (observing the ISO 10002:2014 Standard);
•Documentation system (E.g. methodological documentation, internal procedures, statistical activity´s quality reports). In the context of the latter, SP reports directly to EUROSTAT, meeting the requirements of the European Standard – ESS Handbook for Quality reports (2014). These reports are available for each survey and can be accessed on EUROSTAT’s website by statistical domain.
 
The Commission (Eurostat) will assess the quality of the data transmitted and, within one month of receiving the data, may request additional information on the data or a revised data set from the Member State as appropriate (Art.7.4 of Regulation 691/2011).


12. Relevance Top
Environmental accounts allow us to look at the pressure that the economy exerts on the environment and to study how to reduce it. They show the interactions between the economy, households and environmental factors and thus offer a greater degree of information than national accounts in this area.
 
As a fundamental source of environmental data, they are essential for environmental policy decisions and the development of impact assessments, nationally and internationally. In accordance with the principles of sustainable development included in the Europe 2020 strategy and other initiatives, as well as progress towards a resourceefficient and low-emission economy, it is increasingly necessary to develop and implement a framework structure that systematically include environmental issues along with economic issues. Moreover, as they constitute a synthesis statistic in the environmental field, they allow to identify gaps and improvements in the Portuguese statistical system.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Among the users of environmental accounts, it is worth mentioning:
• Ministries and other public bodies (observatories, etc.)
• Regional Administrations
• Researchers and academic institutions
• Companies and non-profit institutions (business study services, foundations, associations, etc.), unions and
employers' organizations.
• Press and specialized media
 
Since 2017 (first year of PEFA dissemination at national level) some questions were raised by users, from institutions dealing with energy and environment, financial sector and IT platforms.
It is being used by PORDATA (a well-known Database of Contemporary Portugal) ( e.g. https://www.pordata.pt/en/Portugal/Energy+consumption+total+and+by+certain+energy+products-1191). Users are gradually getting used with to this new information.
 
It is envisaged the use of PEFA to compile circular economy indicators.
 
There are also institutional foreign users (Eurostat, OECD, United Nations, etc.).

 
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

We do not regularly collect user reviews on this topic.
12.3. Completeness

All statistics that are needed are available.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.


13. Accuracy Top
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Data on energy consistency with IEA / Eurostat questionnaires and disaggregation among NACE sectors is consistent with NA. However, a comparison between energy products use and NA Intermediate consumption is needed to improve quality. 
13.2. Sampling error

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3. Non-sampling error

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1. Coverage error

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.2. Measurement error

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3. Non response error

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.4. Processing error

Not applicable to statistical accounts.
13.3.5. Model assumption error

Not applicable to statistical accounts.


14. Timeliness and punctuality Top
14.1. Timeliness

Data is published few weeks after reporting to Eurostat.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result

Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result

Not applicable.
14.2. Punctuality

Not applicable.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.


15. Coherence and comparability Top
15.1. Comparability - geographical

Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and  insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time

Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.
15.2.1.1. Comparability - over time detailed

Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):

 

Year (of the break in series) Questionnaire table(s) Columns (NACE Rev. 2 activity, households etc.) Rows (natural energy inputs, energy products, energy residuals) Reason for' break in time series'
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Both PEFA and AEA are calculated within Portuguese National Accounts framework (ESA SUT A64 NACE breakdown), cross validated with alternative data sources providing coherence between them. Further coherence between AEA and PEFA is cross-checked after its initial calculation, and any detected errors are corrected.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Both PEFA and AEA are calculated within Portuguese National Accounts framework (ESA SUT A64 NACE breakdown), cross validated with alternative data sources providing coherence between them. Further coherence between AEA and PEFA is cross-checked after its initial calculation, and any detected errors are corrected.
15.3.3. Do you cooperate with national colleagues compiling AEA?

Yes
15.3.4. Are there compilation elements that PEFA compilers jointly undertake with AEA compilers (e.g. distribution of road transport fuel use and emissions by NACE)?

Yes
15.3.5. Do you report in PEFA imports and exports according to the SEEA-CF concepts for trade in goods (see SEEA-CF section 3.3.3, paras. 3.121 ff., and para. 1.46)?

Yes
15.3.6. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between your PEFA data on air transport versus OECD's data on CO2-emissions of air transport?

Yes
15.3.7. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and corresponding data points in energy statistics (see PEFA validation rules)?

Yes
15.3.8. Do you perform cross-domain plausibility checks between PEFA data points and the corresponding data points in economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) (see PEFA validation rules)?

Yes
15.4. Coherence - internal

Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.


16. Cost and Burden Top
There is no burden informants, as data used is sourced on existing statistics. No specific data collection operations are performed for PEFA compilation.


17. Data revision Top
17.1. Data revision - policy
Statistical data are a key asset in today’s society, and an essential tool in supporting the most relevant decision-making processes, both at the public and private level and in carrying out analyses and research.
Statistical data are therefore of interest to public and decision-makers, policy-makers, economic agents, analysts and researchers, paving the way for all individuals to gain more awareness of their citizenship.
Statistical data is only truly useful if it is credible and of high quality particularly as regards accuracy and timeliness.
In order to ensure quality dimensions, statistical producers are required to establish a commitment between rigour and swiftness as regards data released.
This commitment often gives rise to the need to conduct data revisions.
The need for revisions may also steam from the introduction of methodological improvements or the updating of statistical standards often decided at international level.
Transparency, which must underlie the production and dissemination of official statistics, thus requires a detailed clarification of the Revisions policy.
Statistics Portugal has a policy that regulates the basic aspects of the revision of statistical data, ensuring the transparency of processes and the quality of products.
The document on the revisions policy set out by Statistics Portugal seeks to clarify the key factors of a revision, the typology of revision that may occur and the dimensions governing a revision’s analysis. It also explains the General and Operational Principles of the revisions policy that Statistics Portugal will consolidate in the future.
This policy is described in the document approved by the Board of Directors in 2008. The document is available in "Revisions policy”.
This general policy defines the criteria that must be followed for different types of reviews: routine - for statistics that, by their nature, are reviewed regularly; major revisions due to methodological changes or basic sources of statistical reference; and extraordinary revisions (due to an error in the statistics already published).
Environmental Accounts data is revised in a manner consistent with the annual National Accounting data review scheme.
17.2. Data revision - practice
The factors that determine the revisions on PEFA are related to National Accounts revision, updates on Annual Energy Questionnaires, AEA revisions, as well as the changes induced by the improvement of the estimation procedures.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.


18. Statistical processing Top
18.1. Source data

Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.
18.1.1. Which are the main data sources you employ for the use of natural energy inputs (i.e. who is extracting)?

 IEA Energy Questionnaires (Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Electricity and Renewable Energy); Statistics Portugal Air Emission Accounts, National Accounts Supply and Use Tables, Transport and Communications Statistics, Fishery Statistics; Directorate General for Energy and Geology data for electricity consumption by industry, fuel sales by industry, natural gas and electricity consumption by Municipalities; Statistics Portugal/Directorate General for Energy and Geology Domestic Sector Energy Consumption Survey.

 
18.1.2. Which are the main data sources you employ for supply of energy products (e.g. electricity, refinery products etc.)?

IEA Energy Questionnaires (Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Electricity and Renewable Energy); Statistics Portugal Air Emission Accounts, National Accounts Supply and Use Tables, Transport and Communications Statistics, Fishery Statistics; Directorate General for Energy and Geology data for electricity consumption by industry, fuel sales by industry, natural gas and electricity consumption by Municipalities; Statistics Portugal/Directorate General for Energy and Geology Domestic Sector Energy Consumption Survey.
18.1.3. Which are the main data sources you employ for the transformation use by energy transforming entities (NACE 2-digit divisions)?

IEA Energy Questionnaires (Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Electricity and Renewable Energy); Statistics Portugal Air Emission Accounts, National Accounts Supply and Use Tables, Transport and Communications Statistics, Fishery Statistics; Directorate General for Energy and Geology data for electricity consumption by industry, fuel sales by industry, natural gas and electricity consumption by Municipalities; Statistics Portugal/Directorate General for Energy and Geology Domestic Sector Energy Consumption Survey.
18.1.4. Which are the main data sources you employ for the end use by end user entities (including non-energy use)?

IEA Energy Questionnaires (Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Electricity and Renewable Energy); Statistics Portugal Air Emission Accounts, National Accounts Supply and Use Tables, Transport and Communications Statistics, Fishery Statistics; Directorate General for Energy and Geology data for electricity consumption by industry, fuel sales by industry, natural gas and electricity consumption by Municipalities; Statistics Portugal/Directorate General for Energy and Geology Domestic Sector Energy Consumption Survey.
18.1.5. Which auxiliary data do you use to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown of production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions) and categories of household consumption?

The auxiliary data used to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown were:
- on the production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions): Statistics Portugal Air Emission Accounts, National Accounts Supply and Use Tables; Directorate General for Energy and Geology data for fuel sales by industry;
- on the categories of household consumption (columns HH_HEAT e HH_OTH): Statistics Portugal Air Emission Accounts, National Accounts Supply and Use Tables; Statistics Portugal/Directorate General for Energy and Geology Domestic Sector Energy Consumption Survey, for product P26 (Electrical Energy).
18.1.6. Do you use the PEFA builder? If yes: for populating the PEFA Tables, or for control only?

Yes, for populating the PEFA Tables. Nevertheless, additional adjustments were needed, namely to replace the calculated Gross Inland Energy Consumption (GIEC), as instructed by Eurostat.
18.1.7. Which data sources do you use to make adjustments for the residence principle?

Statistics Portugal adjusts the main data source on PEFA (Annual Energy Questionnaires), which follows the territory principle, to the residence principle. Data from Portuguese Air Emission Accounts and National Accounts, complemented with other data sources (such as energy balances, transport and communication statistics, fishery statistics, air transport enterprises statistics, OECD Database Specific Air Transport CO2 Emissions) is used to estimate the weight of non-residents on the territory and residents abroad on transport energy use.
18.2. Frequency of data collection

 Annually
18.3. Data collection

The method used at national level is gathering data available internally at Statistcs Portugal (for example, national accounts) and externally (for example annual energy questionnaires). Data sets used are described under 18.1. Source data
18.4. Data validation
Basic information, derived from different statistics, is subject to a series of treatments: identification of outliers, debugging errors, adaptation to the terms of the Environmental and National Accounts.
18.5. Data compilation
The data compilation process used follows the guidelines in Eurostat's Manual for PEFA.
The elaboration process can be structured in several phases:
1. Basic Information Update: Data Collection Available
2. Treatment of basic information: use of PEFA-builder tool, performing a series of treatments, consisting of identifying outliers, debugging errors and adapting to the terms of Environmental Accounts.
3. Preparation of auxiliar compilaion files. With the new information available, the working files are processed at the level of breakdown required by the European Environmental Accounts Regulation. For each type of energy flows, and for the purpose of obtaining more accurate estimates, the auxiliary files are used to work with the highest possible degree of disaggregation of the different identifiable components.
4. Process of analysis and revision of estimates. Time series of results are analyzed for each energy flow to detect possible inconsistencies.
5. Preparation of final results files in the different formats required: format for submission to EUROSTAT and files for dissemination in the Statistics Portugal Portal (Results, Methodology, Press release).
18.5.1. Imputation - rate

Not applicable.
18.5.2. Do you assign all supply of electricity and heat to NACE D35, or do you assign some to other NACE divisions than D35? Is the assignment you did fully aligned to the ESA monetary supply table submitted by your country?

All supply of electricity and heat is assigned to NACE D35.
18.5.3. Which method do you use for the allocation of road transport energy use to NACE industries and households?
Mix method described in document sent to the TF on road transport allocation:
Road transport allocation to NACE/HH starts with Air Emissions Inventories, where all Selected Nomenclature for sources of Air Pollution (SNAP) from road transport emissions are distributed by 64 NACE branches, according to the structure of National Accounts Supply and Use Table (SUT) intermediate consumption of products. The fuel use structure is obtained from the emission-relevant energy consumption (for combustion purposes). Electricity and lubricants are not considered for emission purposes, so the allocation structure for these energy flows is obtained as follows: electric energy for road transport on the territory is obtained from the Directorate-General for Energy and Geology database for electricity consumption by branch; lubricants for road transport on the territory are obtained from the Directorate-general for Energy and Geology database for oil product sales by branch.
18.5.4. Which method do you use for the allocation of energy use to detailed service industries (i.e. NACE 2-digit divisions 55-98)?
The auxiliary data used to develop 'distribution keys' to assign energy use to the detailed breakdown were:
- on the production activities (NACE 2-digit divisions): Statistics Portugal Air Emission Accounts, National Accounts Supply and Use Tables; Directorate General for Energy and Geology data for fuel sales by industry;
- on the categories of household consumption (columns HH_HEAT e HH_OTH): Statistics Portugal Air Emission Accounts, National Accounts Supply and Use Tables; Statistics Portugal/Directorate General for Energy and Geology Domestic Sector Energy Consumption Survey, for product P26 (Electrical Energy).
18.5.5. How do you ensure a coherent assignment of energy use to economic activities (i.e. the use of energy products by a given production activity (NACE A*64 division) reported in PEFA must be coherent with the emissions reported in AEA)?

Both PEFA and AEA are calculated within Portuguese National Accounts framework (ESA SUT A64 NACE breakdown), cross validated with alternative data sources providing coherence between them. Further coherence between AEA and PEFA is cross-checked after its initial calculation, and any detected errors are corrected.
18.6. Adjustment

Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment

Not applicable.


19. Comment Top

Statistics Portugal adjusts the main data source on PEFA (Annual Energy Questionnaires), which follows the territory principle, to the residence principle. Data from Portuguese Air Emission Accounts and National Accounts, complemented with other data sources (such as energy balances, transport and communication statistics, fishery statistics, air transport enterprises statistics, OECD Database Specific Air Transport CO2 Emissions) is used to estimate the weight of non-residents on the territory and residents abroad on transport energy use.


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top