Physical energy flow accounts (env

1.1. Contact organisation

Statistics Portugal

1.2. Contact organisation unit

Environment Statistics Unit

1.3. Contact name

Confidential because of GDPR

1.4. Contact person function

Senior Statistician

1.5. Contact mail address

STATISTICS PORTUGAL – HEAD OFFICE

Av. António José de Almeida

1000-043 LISBOA

PORTUGAL

1.6. Contact email address

Confidential because of GDPR

1.7. Contact phone number

+351226072031

1.8. Contact fax number

2.1. Metadata last certified

21 November 2022

2.2. Metadata last posted

21 November 2022

2.3. Metadata last update

21 November 2022

3.1. Data description

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.

PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.

This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).

The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology

3.2. Classification system

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:

Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates.
Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.

3.3. Coverage - sector

The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.

3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy.
PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA.
As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES).
Three concepts are essential to PEFA:
1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely:
a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.;
b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.;
c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment.
2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA;
3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

3.5. Statistical unit

Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.

3.6. Statistical population

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

3.7. Reference area

Portugal

3.8. Coverage - Time

From 2000 to 2021

3.9. Base period

Not applicable.

The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).

The data refer to the calendar year.

6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements

PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).

6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

Not applicable.

Statistics Portugal's Statistical Confidentiality Policy stems from the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Law No. 22/2008 of 13 May, which establishes the principles, rules and structure of the National Statistical System (SEN), and in particular the Principle of the Statistical Secret. (Article 6) of Regulation (EC) 223/2009 of 11 March (Article 20 et seq.), as amended by Regulation 2015/759 of 29 April establishing the legal framework for development, production and dissemination European Statistics and Regulation (EU) 557/2013 of 17 June concerning access to confidential data for scientific purposes.

It is also governed by the principles agreed between EU Member States and contained in the European Statistics Code of Conduct (2nd revision / 2017), namely Principle 5 on Statistical Confidentiality and, more broadly, by the Fundamental Principles of Statistics Officers, established by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 1994 and approved by the United Nations General Assembly in January 2014 (principle 6).

With regard to the processing of personal data the exercise of statistical activity also complies with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the Parliament and of the Council of 27 April laying down the rules on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. and the free movement of such data and other applicable legislation.

7.1. Confidentiality - policy

Statistical production is a process through which from information gathered (censual or sampling) from institutions or departments, individuals or collectives we produce statistics that represent an important tool for analyzing and taking decisions for the whole Society.

It is recognized that the whole decision process, in its several levels — political, economic and social —, whether individual or collective, is supported on information, including statistical information, which must be accurate, exempt and up-to-date.

However, the knowledge provided by the statistics is inseparable from the respect for confidentiality associated to information collected near Information providers, and leads to the inevitable legal appeal of "considerations of proportionality", which means that production of statistics has necessarily to operate the practical concordance and the harmonization between the information that should be of public domain and the one that should be kept under secrecy. Only in this way it can be ensured confidence in the Statistical System.

Thus, the following publication (available only in Portuguese), was prepared:

Policy of Statistical Confidentiality

7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

Statistics Portugal adopts the logical, physical and administrative measures necessary for the protection of confidential data to be effective, from data collection to its publication.

Survey questionnaires include a legal clause that informs about the protection that protects the collected data.

In the information processing phases, data that allow direct identification is kept only as long as strictly necessary to ensure the quality of the processes.

Publishing result tables analyzes the details of the information to prevent sensitive data from being deduced from statistical units. Where microdata files are disseminated, they are always anonymized.

Environmental Accounts are a statistical operation included in the National Statistical Plan, therefore subject to the Law no 22/2008, of May 13th, 2008, that defines the general basis of the National Statistical System. and, therefore, their data are protected by the Statistical Secret, at all stages of their preparation process.

8.1. Release calendar

Dissemination policy

Statistical data are a key asset in today society, and an essential tool in supporting the most relevant decision-making processes, both at the public and private level, and in carrying out analyses and research.

Statistical data are therefore of great interest to public and private decision-makers, politicians, economic agents, analysts and researchers, paving the way for all individuals to gain more awareness of their citizenship.

Data dissemination, which is a key stage of statistical activity, is instrumental in implementing and highlighting strict compliance with the mission of statistical authorities.

The Dissemination policy of Statistics Portugal lays down the fundamental principles governing the dissemination of official statistics, directly or indirectly produced under its responsibility. It should have as main reference the applicable principles of the National Statistical System: technical independence, statistical confidentiality, quality and accessibility.

In accordance with provision 15, Chapter B of the Dissemination Policy, prior access, under embargo, to official statistical data is granted (at around 9 am of the release day) to the Directors of Madeira and Azores Regional Statistics Offices, when data allow for NUTS 2 breakdown.

20th November 2023

8.2. Release calendar access

https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?PORTLET_ID=JSP&xpgid=ine_calendarios&xpid=INE&PORTLET_NAME=ine_cont_header_dest_cal_en&PORTLET_UID=%23JSP%3Aine_cont_header_dest_cal_en%23&DESTAQUEStema=5414368&DESTAQUESdata_inicial=&DESTAQUESdata_final=&DESTAQUESfreeText=

8.3. Release policy - user access

Data are simultaneously released, according to the publication schedule, to all stakeholders, in most cases accompanied by a press release. At the same time, the data are published on Statistics Portugal website (https://www.ine.pt). Custom requests are also sent to registered users. Some users may receive information under embargo as specified in the European Statistics Code of Practice. The release policy determines the dissemination of statistical data to all users at the same time. The scope of dissemination is public. Users are informed that data is being released through a press release.

Yearly

Wide and easy access to official statistical data is a standing priority of Statistics Portugal, as well as the commitment to quality improvement of the service provided. In this vein, access to statistical data is made available using modern information and communication technology in order to meet user needs and permitting easy access to information.

10.1. Dissemination format - News release

An updated press release and data tables are yearly released, next on the 20th November 2023

10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

There is no publication on this topic.

10.3. Dissemination format - online database

https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=541038777&DESTAQUESmodo=2

10.3.1. Data tables - consultations

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Not applicable.

10.5. Dissemination format - other

The policy of attention to personalized requests is to analyze if confidentiality and statistical significance conditions are met. After this analysis, a feasibility report is prepared and sent to the petitioner.

10.5.1. Metadata - consultations

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

10.6. Documentation on methodology

A description of national PEFA methodology and metadata is available in our press release and under URL: https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_docmetodsec2010b2016_cn&contexto=cs&perfil=392023991.

10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

10.7. Quality management - documentation

We do not provide any quality reports.

Statistics Portugal is part of the European Statistical System and has adopted the European Statistics Code of Practice, since its first edition (2005), as firm guidance for the success of its mission. Since its last revision (November 2017), the Code comprises the Quality Declaration of the European Statistical System, 16 Principles and 84 indicators of best practices and standards for each of the Principles, defining the European benchmarks for the statistical activity, covering the institutional environment, statistical processes, and statistical outputs.

11.1. Quality assurance

Statistics Portugal (SP) is the main authority for the production and dissemination of official statistics in Portugal and its work is steered by the underlying principles of its mission, vision, and values, which are quality-oriented and known to the public. In what concerns its legal framework, quality in statistics is defined by the Portuguese Statistical System Law, article 7 (Law no. 22/2008) and the Regulation (EC) nº 223/2009, (amended by the European Regulation 2015/759), at national and European levels, respectively.

SP is part of the European Statistical System (ESS) and has adopted the European Statistics Code of Practice, since its first edition (2005), as firm guidance for the success of its mission. Since its last revision (November 2017), the Code comprises the Quality Declaration of the European Statistical System, 16 Principles and 84 indicators of best practices and standards for each of the Principles, defining the European benchmarks for the statistical activity, covering the institutional environment, statistical processes, and statistical outputs. Although all 16 principles are essential, it is important to highlight Principle 4 (Commitment to Quality): Statistical authorities are committed to quality. They systematically and regularly identify strengths and weaknesses to continuously improve process and output quality.

The Quality Assurance Framework (QAF) is a useful tool in implementing the Code of Practice in the member states, recommending possible actions at the institutional and process level for each of the Code’s indicators.

In the framework of its mission and in line with the Code of Practice, SP follows reliable and robust methodologies and adequate procedures, according to the best international practices. It also maintains and makes public an extensive set of documentation on concepts and classifications, included on its Metadata System, as an important and constant groundwork for its activity. Moreover, SP produces and disseminates statistics in an impartial, objective and transparent manner and treats all users equally, in agreement with its Dissemination Policy. All these aspects have a positive impact on the credibility of the produced statistics and the perceived quality and trust of the institution as a whole.

SP’s quality commitment is clearly and publicly stated and is an essential aspect in conveying the trustworthiness of Portuguese official statistics. This standard is the cornerstone of its customer and information provider’s relationship management. SP’s users and partners recognize the quality of statistics, of services and products, of staff’s excellence and of the overall image of the institution, past and present. With this goal in mind, SP’s latest version of its Quality Chart, released in 2019, establishes SP’s public commitment towards the following stakeholders and areas:

•Information security

•Relation with respondents;

•Relation with statistical information users;

•Revisions policy;

•Data dissemination practices;

•Availability of statistical products and other products;

•Tailor-made responses to specific user requests and general user support;

•Welcoming procedures for visitors to SP’s premises;

•Management of users’ suggestions and complaints;

•Users’ satisfaction and evaluation activities;

•Management of Human Resources;

•Cooperation with external entities.

11.2. Quality management - assessment

The General Guidelines of Official Statistical Activity 2018-2022, constitute an important framework for the strategic objectives of the National Statistical System (NSS) and the relevant actions for the Statistical Authorities. Quality-related aspects are prominent in this particular document.

The quality management system implemented by SP follows the principles of the ISO 9001:2015 Standard, whenever convenient, having adopted a systematic and process-oriented approach in accordance with the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle. This system comprises a wide range of instruments, methods, and activities covering process documentation, performance assessment, and user relations, as follows:

•Internal and external audits, highlighting the two rounds of Peer Review (2008 and 2015) in what external audits

are concerned;

•Performance indicators and management tools, drawing attention to QUAR (in the context of the Public Administration performance assessment and management system – SIADAP) and a specific set of quality

monitoring criteria;

•User and respondent satisfaction questionnaires, towards the different services provided (in compliance with the ISO 10004:2012 Standard);

•Suggestions and complaints management system (observing the ISO 10002:2014 Standard);

•Documentation system (E.g. methodological documentation, internal procedures, statistical activity´s quality reports). In the context of the latter, SP reports directly to EUROSTAT, meeting the requirements of the European Standard – ESS Handbook for Quality reports (2014). These reports are available for each survey and can be accessed on EUROSTAT’s website by statistical domain.

The Commission (Eurostat) will assess the quality of the data transmitted and, within one month of receiving the data, may request additional information on the data or a revised data set from the Member State as appropriate (Art.7.4 of Regulation 691/2011).

Environmental accounts allow us to look at the pressure that the economy exerts on the environment and to study how to reduce it. They show the interactions between the economy, households and environmental factors and thus offer a greater degree of information than national accounts in this area.

As a fundamental source of environmental data, they are essential for environmental policy decisions and the development of impact assessments, nationally and internationally. In accordance with the principles of sustainable development included in the Europe 2020 strategy and other initiatives, as well as progress towards a resourceefficient and low-emission economy, it is increasingly necessary to develop and implement a framework structure that systematically include environmental issues along with economic issues. Moreover, as they constitute a synthesis statistic in the environmental field, they allow to identify gaps and improvements in the Portuguese statistical system.

12.1. Relevance - User Needs

Among the users of environmental accounts, it is worth mentioning:

• Ministries and other public bodies (observatories, etc.)

• Regional Administrations

• Researchers and academic institutions

• Companies and non-profit institutions (business study services, foundations, associations, etc.), unions and

employers' organizations.

• Press and specialized media

Since 2017 (first year of PEFA dissemination at national level) some questions were raised by users, from institutions dealing with energy and environment, financial sector and IT platforms.

It is being used by PORDATA (a well-known Database of Contemporary Portugal) ( e.g. https://www.pordata.pt/en/Portugal/Energy+consumption+total+and+by+certain+energy+products-1191). Users are gradually getting used with to this new information.

It is envisaged the use of PEFA to compile circular economy indicators.

There are also institutional foreign users (Eurostat, OECD, United Nations, etc.).

12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

We do not regularly collect user reviews on this topic.

12.3. Completeness

All statistics that are needed are available.

12.3.1. Data completeness - rate

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

13.1. Accuracy - overall

Data on energy consistency with IEA / Eurostat questionnaires and disaggregation among NACE sectors is consistent with NA. However, a comparison between energy products use and NA Intermediate consumption is needed to improve quality.