Czech Statistical Office

Tourism and Environmental Statistics Unit

helena.nemeckova@czso.cz

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) is one module of the European environmental-economic accounts - Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Annex VI. PEFA record the flows of energy (in terajoules) from the environment to the economy (natural inputs), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residuals), using the accounting framework of physical supply and use tables.

PEFA provide information on energy flows arranged in a way fully compatible with concepts, principles, and classifications of national accounts – thus enabling integrated analyses of environmental, energy and economic issues e.g. through environmental-economic modelling. PEFA complement the traditional energy statistics, balances and derived indicators which are the main reference data source for EU energy policies.

This national metadata refers to the PEFA questionnaire delivered to Eurostat: data on supply (table A), use (table B), transformation use (table B1), end use (table B2) and emission-relevant use (table C), key indicators of physical energy flow accounts by NACE Rev. 2 activity (table D), and physical energy flow accounts totals bridging to energy balances totals (table E).

The PEFA questionnaire is available on Eurostat's website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/methodology

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) datasets have the following dimensions:

1. Supply and use tables (STK_FLOW): the elements of this dimension are the five tables detailing energy supply (questionnaire table A) and use; the total energy use (table B) is the sum of transformation use (table B1) and end use (table B2), and a certain part of it is emission relevant (table C).
2. Energy product (PROD_NRG): (not relevant for questionnaire table D and E) The flows of energy recorded in PEFA are broadly grouped into natural energy inputs (flows from environment to economy), energy products (flows within economy), and energy residuals (flows from economy to environment mainly). Each of these generic groups is further broken down. In total this dimension distinguishes 31 items which are regulated in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/172.
3. Classification of economic activities - NACE Rev.2 (NACE_R2): (not relevant for questionnaire table E) The supply and use of energy flows is broken down by NACE classification of economic activities. The aggregation level used is A*64 (i.e. 64 branches), fully compatible with ESA supply and use tables. Furthermore, this dimension includes private households, accumulation (e.g. product inventories), the rest of the world economy for imports and exports, and the environment.
4. Indicators (INDIC_PEFA): (only relevant for questionnaire tables D and E): Various key indicators that can be derived from the physical supply and use tables and so-called 'bridging-items' which present the various elements explaining the differences between the national totals as reported by PEFA vis-a-vis the national totals as reported by Eurostat's energy balances.
5. Geopolitical entity (GEO): EU Member States, EFTA countries, candidate countries, and potential candidates. 
6. Period of time (TIME): Energy flow data are annual.
7. Unit (UNIT): Energy flows are reported in Terajoules.

The data set covers the entire national economy as defined in national accounts (ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04), as well as its physical relation to economies in the rest of the world and the environment.

Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA) are conceptually rooted in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) which is an international statistical standard. The SEEA central framework provides standard concepts, definitions, classifications, accounting rules and tables for the provision of statistics on the environment and its relationship with the economy.
PEFA constitute satellite accounts to the National Accounts (NA). Hence, the statistical concepts and definitions of PEFA are derived from those of NA.
As far as applicable PEFA is also compliant with the statistical concepts and definitions internationally established for energy statistics: the International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES).
Three concepts are essential to PEFA:
1) The concept of three generic types of energy flows as established in SEEA, namely:
a) natural energy inputs: flows from the natural environment into the economy such as fossil energy carriers in solid, liquid and gaseous form, biomass, solar radiation, kinetic energy in form of hydro and wind, geothermal heat etc.;
b) energy products: output flows from production processes as defined in national accounts (ESA); typically products produced by extractive industries, refineries, power plants etc.;
c) energy residuals: mainly energy in form of dissipative heat arising from the end use of energy products, flowing from the economy into the natural environment.
2) The accounting framework of (physical) supply and use tables as established in NA and SEEA;
3) The residence principle as established in NA and SEEA, i.e. PEFA records energy flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Data refer to activities of resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and national accounts (ESA); i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units (see ESA 2010, paragraph 2.04). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

Czechia

from 2019 to 2021

Not applicable.

The unit of measure is terajoule (TJ).

The data refer to the calendar year.

PEFA are legally covered by Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 538/2014. EEEA currently include six modules (air emissions accounts, environmentally related taxes by economic activity, economy-wide material flow accounts, environmental protection expenditure accounts, environmental goods and services sector accounts, and physical energy flow accounts).

Not applicable.

Last confidential figures were for reference year 2016. The confidential figures are only records, which were reported by one or two enterprises. 

Last confidential figures were for reference year 2016. The confidential figures are only records, which were reported by one or two enterprises. 

The Czech Republic transmitted the data 2019-2021 to the Eurostat on 29.9.2023. After Eurostat validation, the data is also available on the national level.

The results for data 2014-2020 were published nationally on the CZSO website (https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/environmental_accounts) as soon as possible after Eurostat checking.The results for data 2021 we are planning  to publish on the same website at the beginning of 2024.

The results for data 2014-2020 were published nationally on the CZSO website (https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/environmental_accounts) as soon as possible after Eurostat checking.The results for data 2021 we are planning  to publish on the same website at the beginning of 2024.

Data is disseminated yearly.

Regular - https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/environmental_accounts

Regular - https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/environmental_accounts

No databases

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Not applicable.

Not applicable

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Environment - Quality reports | CZSO

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Environment - Quality reports | CZSO

Not applicable

Not applicable.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade of the CZ uses the resulting PEFA Tables for internal needs (data analysis).

Not applicable.

All statistics for compilation of PEFA are available

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Not applicable.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

Not applicable to statistical accounts.

T+21 months

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data on PEFA are compiled according to international guidelines and  insofar comparable. Application of the PEFA Builder tool ensures comparability to a certain extent.

Not applicable.

Please see the table in 15.2.1.1.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):

Not applicable

Not applicable; reported PEFA data are only annual.

ESA use tables we used as one of the auxiliary data source to obtain  NACE A*64 and households distribution key for Table B (in case that data from the Energy companies database were not available for some energy fuels or products). 

ESA data was not available for 2021, so 2020 data was used. Department of National Accounts of CZSO next year is going to plan to publish a major revision of the National Accounts, detailed supply and use tables will be compiled only for this publication, consistent with the revised National Accounts time series.

We started to work on consistency with AEA during data collection 2017, during the data collection 2023 we continued the work on this consistency. Mainly it is focused on data on fuel consumption by residents abroad and non-residents in our country. Common data sources for residents abroad and non-residents in our territory  were  used  from different areas of statistics (foreign trade statistics, tourism and transport statistics, NA data). For residents in our territory we used common sources from energy statistics (Annual Oil Questionnaire, Energy survey EP 5-01, ENERGO survey - households). 

Common data sources for residents abroad and non-residents in our territory  were  used  from different areas of statistics (foreign trade statistics, tourism and transport statistics, NA data). For residents in our territory we used common sources from energy statistics (Annual Oil Questionnaire, Energy survey EP 5-01, ENERGO survey - households). 

We use the PEFA Builder tool, imports and exports of products are automatically loaded from International energy questionnaires.

We use OECD´s  data on CO2-emissions as a data source for PEFA data on air transport.

TABLE A,B,B.1,B.2,E: The primary data source for residents in the CZ was five IEA/Eurostat Annual Energy Statistics Questionnaires. These questionnaires were  imported and processed in the PEFA Builder.   

Not applicable. We plan it for the next data collection.

Eurostat's validation procedures should ensure full internal consistency, at least for the mandatory data points.

0,9 person a year  

All revisions were made in cooperation with the Energy Statistics Unit (CZSO). There is no revision policy for PEFA, revisions are in connection with energy statistics revisions.                         

Table C: Revisions have been made for energy product  P23, NACE 32 and P11,NACE 31 in data 2019-2020.

Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data sources used to produce physical energy flow accounts are described in the following sub-concepts.

The primary data source for natural energy inputs was five IEA/Eurostat Annual Energy Statistics Questionnaires. These questionnaires were imported and processed in the PEFA Builder.

TABLE A,B,B.1,B.2,E: The primary data source for residents in the CZ was five IEA/Eurostat Annual Energy Statistics Questionnaires. These questionnaires were imported and processed in the PEFA Builder. The data source for resident enterprises abroad was the Foreign trade Statistics, survey ZO 1-04 (Quarterly questionnaire on imports and exports of services) and the database on air transport CO2 emissions published by OECD.
The data source for resident households abroad and non-residents in the CZ was national account statistics (primarily from the Czech National Bank data) - Balance of payment statistics. TABLE C: The data source was the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (data on emission- relevant use of energy flows). Data related to fuel combustion (except for motor fuels) were provided in TJ by the specific energy product and residual in a breakdown to NACE A*64 and households.

TABLE A,B,B.1,B.2,E: The primary data source for residents in the CZ was five IEA/Eurostat Annual Energy Statistics Questionnaires. These questionnaires were imported and processed in the PEFA Builder. The data source for resident enterprises abroad was the Foreign trade Statistics, survey ZO 1-04 (Quarterly questionnaire on imports and exports of services) and the database on air transport CO2 emissions published by OECD.
The data source for resident households abroad and non-residents in the CZ was national account statistics (primarily from the Czech National Bank data) - Balance of payment statistics. TABLE C: The data source was the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (data on emission- relevant use of energy flows). Data related to fuel combustion (except for motor fuels) were provided in TJ by the specific energy product and residual in a breakdown to NACE A*64 and households.

TABLE A,B,B.1,B.2,E: The primary data source for residents in the CZ was five IEA/Eurostat Annual Energy Statistics Questionnaires. These questionnaires were imported and processed in the PEFA Builder. The data source for resident enterprises abroad was the Foreign trade Statistics, survey ZO 1-04 (Quarterly questionnaire on imports and exports of services) and the database on air transport CO2 emissions published by OECD.
The data source for resident households abroad and non-residents in the CZ was national account statistics (primarily from the Czech National Bank data) - Balance of payment statistics. TABLE C: The data source was the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (data on emission- relevant use of energy flows). Data related to fuel combustion (except for motor fuels) were provided in TJ by the specific energy product and residual in a breakdown to NACE A*64 and households.

The auxiliary data source was data from the Energy companies database (data in TJ) managed by the Energy Statistics Unit (CZSO) in cooperation with the Ministry of Industry and Trade.In cases where data from the Energy companies database were not available for some energy fuels or products, then another auxiliary data source was used - the annual Monetary use table (with a three digit level),data in monetary units (CZK) were filled into the file PEFA NaceBreakdown (distribution key).
For more detailed data on specific road transport fuel used in NACE A*64 the Annual survey EP 5-01 (Energy survey on fuel and energy consumption in economic entities) was used for data 2021 as the data source (NACE breakdown key based on direct physical information on fuel use). The Energy use census Energo 2021 (data on resident households) was used as the auxiliary source of data on fuel and energy consumption in households by type of fuel and use.

Yes, for populating the PEFA Tables. 

Adjustments to the residence principle were made only for air and road transport.
International air transport – purchases by residents abroad
Data 2019-2021: Data were taken from OECD database: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=AIRTRANS_CO2

International air transport – purchases by non-residents on the territory
Data 2019-2021: Data were taken from OECD database https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=AIRTRANS_CO2

Road transport fuel use – resident enterprises abroad
The ZO 1-04 was used, item fuel purchased by carriers at other places than airports and seaports. Data in CZK are available in the distribution of purchases in the EU and outside the EU, were transferred to liters by using the average price of fuel for road transport in the EU.Simplified assumption – we supposed the price was the same for road diesel purchased in the EU and outside the EU.The amount in liters was transferred to kilograms by using the density of road diesel, kg was transferred to TJ by using the NCV of road diesel, biodiesel.

Resident households abroad, non-resident households in the CZ–data on spended money by Czech households for road fuel purchases abroad and data on money spent by foreign households for fuel purchases in the CZ are taken from the Balance of payment statistics. Data are available in the distribution of purchases in the EU and outside the EU. We have obtained data on total fuel payment, but without distribution into fuel types. The distribution of specific fuel consumption of resident abroad was based on the results of the ENERGO 2021. The distribution of specific fuel consumption of non-residents in the CZ was based on the shares of fuels on the car fleet in the EU.Data in CZK for residents abroad were transferred to liters by using the weighted average price of fuels for road transport in the EU, for non-residents in the CZ–data on average annual fuel prices in the CZ are from the Price statistics,liters were transferred to kg by using the density of fuels.The amount in kg was transferred to TJ by using the NCV of fuels.

 The source data are collected annually.

 Not applicable.

We make comparing the statistics with previous cycles, confronting the statistics against other relevant data, for Table C  with external source  the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, compilator AEA (data on emission- relevant use of energy flows) and than we make investigating inconsistencies in the statistics.

Not applicable.

Data 2019 -2021: Some electricity  and heat supply was assigned to other NACE divisions than D35. Data 2019 -2021 was obtained from the Energy companies database managed by the Energy Statistics Unit (CZSO) in cooperation with the Ministry of Industry. 

The primary data source was IEA/Eurostat Annual Oil Energy Questionnaire.The Annual Oil Energy Questionnaire was imported and processed in the PEFA Builder. Only total transport fuel use data in TJ for individual fuels were obtained.Total road transport fuel use data therefore had to be re-allocated into NACE A*64 by the auxiliary data source.The NACE aggregation level A*64 is not publicly available for road transport fuel use in energy statistics, but expert estimates were made in the Energy Statistics Unit (CZSO) for the purpose of PEFA .The estimated data are based on results of the survey EP 5-01.
The obligation to report EP 5-01 applies to economic entities of all activities with a number of 20 or more employees. The survey method is a combination of exhaustive and sample surveys. Respondents are economic subjects with their activity related to CZ-NACE from 01 to 96. Sample size is about 22-23 000 enterprises, companies.
One of the questions in the report EP 5- 01 is on the whole consumption of 3 types of fuels (motor spirit, transport diesel and LPG) and consumption in road transport. The result is the share of fuel (motor spirit, transport diesel and LPG) using in road transport in individual NACE. This share is used as distribution key.
The method for estimation of biogasoline and bio road diesel consumption in road transport by NACE group was based on the mandatory shares of biofuels in the fuels sold in the CZ.
Households - for the allocation of road transport energy use to households the results from ENERGO survey were used (the same method as in the previous data collection).

Expert estimates were made in the Energy Statistics Unit (CZSO) for the purpose of PEFA .The estimated data are based on results of the survey EP 5-01.

For the next data collection in 2024, as part of the cooperation on data coherence, the AEA compilers were provided with the same data 2021 in the NACE A*64 breakdown as used by PEFA. The AEA compiler will analyze the data against its data source and resolve inconsistencies.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

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