Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Directory of Agriculture and Environment Statistics, Sector of Economic Accounts in Agriculture and Environment
1.3. Contact name
Restricted from publication
1.4. Contact person function
Restricted from publication
1.5. Contact mail address
St. Vllazën Huta, Building 35, Entrance 1, Tirana, ZIP Code 1017 Tirane
1.6. Contact email address
Restricted from publication
1.7. Contact phone number
Restricted from publication
1.8. Contact fax number
Restricted from publication
24 April 2024
2.1. Metadata last certified
24 April 2024
2.2. Metadata last posted
24 April 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
24 April 2024
3.1. Data description
Data presents environmental tax revenue (by tax category - energy, transport, pollution and resource taxes) broken down by economic activity (tax payer), using the NACE classification for production activities extended to cover taxes payable by households and non-residents.
Environmental taxes are considered as an economic instrument to control pollution and management of natural resources and are designed to influence the behaviour of businesses, producers and consumers. Environmental taxes are part of the environmental economic accounts, a satellite system of national accounts.
3.2. Classification system
Environmental tax revenue is broken down by: A. type of environmental tax, B. sector/industry of tax payer
A. Classification according to type of environmental tax
For analytical purposes, the environmental taxes are divided into four categories: 1. energy taxes (including CO2 taxes), 2. transport taxes, 3. pollution taxes, 4. resource taxes (excluding taxes on oil and gas extraction).
B. Environmental taxes by economic activity
Environmental tax revenues are allocated to the different tax payers: • by economic activity according to the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.2) • households as consumers • non-residents • not allocated (impossible to be allocated to one of the categories mentioned above)
3.3. Coverage - sector
Environmental taxes by economic activity data cover taxes payable by all sectors of the economy: producers (economic activities by NACE), households as consumers as well as non-residents.
Environmental tax: Environmental tax is defined as "A tax whose tax base is a physical unit (or a proxy of a physical unit) of something that has a proven, specific negative impact on the environment, and which is identified in ESA2010 as a tax".
Environmental tax statistics are part of European environmental economic accounts, which constitute satellite accounts to national accounts. Thus, environmental tax statistics follows ESA2010 definition of ‘taxes’. Consequently, only payments that are identified as taxes in the national accounts can be reported as environmental taxes whereas other types of payments to government are not excluded from the scope of the data collection. Compliance with the tax definition of the national accounts improves international comparability of the statistics, and is in line with the guidance, concepts and definitions of the System of environmental and economic accounting (SEEA).
The national tax list is a starting point for the assessment of environmental tax revenues. The methodology used for their calculation is made in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 and Eurostat guidelines: "Environmental taxes, a statistical guide". These data are harmonized with the European System of Economic Accounts (ESA 2010).
Energy taxes: Energy taxes (including car fuel) include taxes on energy products in the country, as well as on energy products that are also used for transport purposes. This also includes taxes on bio fuels and other forms of energy from renewable sources, as well as taxes on energy product reserves.
Transport taxes: Transportation taxes (excluding car fuel) refer mainly to taxes related to ownership and use of vehicles. These taxes also include taxes on other means of transport (such as aircraft, ships and trains, etc.) and their services.
Pollution taxes: Pollution taxes include emissions to air and water, solid waste management and noise etc. The tax on CO2 emissions, which is covered by the energy tax category, is excluded.
Resource taxes: Resource taxes include taxes on the extraction or use of natural resources (water, forests, wildlife, etc.). VAT and other taxes do not represent a tax that directly or indirectly affects the environment, and is not used in an exclusive way to protect the environment. As a result, these taxes are excluded from these estimates.
3.5. Statistical unit
Data refer to environmental taxes collected by the government and payable by the different economic agents.
3.6. Statistical population
The target population are all production sectors by NACE, households as consumers and non-residents.
3.7. Reference area
The geographical area covered by the data set: Country level
3.8. Coverage - Time
Albania has transmitted the data to Eurostat for the first time on 05 October 2017, covering the year 2008-2016.
Data are available from 2008 ongoing for:
Energy Taxes;
Transport Taxes;
Popullution Taxes;
Resource Taxes.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The unit of measure is: Million Albanian Lek (ALL) - National Currency (MNAC)
The reference period for Environmental Taxes is 31 December 2022. This report refers to 2022.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Annex B of Regulation (EU) No. 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union;
Albania has transmitted the data to Eurostat for the first time on 05 October 2017, covering the year 2008-2016.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
The data collected in the households are considered as strictly confidential and used only for statistical purposes and scientific research in accordance with the national Statistical Law No.17/2018 “On Official Statistics”, date 10 March 2018 and the Law no. 9887, dated 10 March 2008 "Personal Data Protection", Article 15 of the Law on Official Statistics clearly define that all statistical information collected by INSTAT are confidential and may only be used or published in such summary tables that do not identify the information of the unit. The direct identification is called when a statistical unit is directly identified by the name, address or any officially recognized identification number. When data processing is performed in such a way as to enable the data subject to be identified, the data must be coded immediately so that the entities are no longer recognized.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
INSTAT protects and does not disclose what it has collected or has access to, to indicate the possibility of direct or indirect statistical unified identification. INSTAT service intervention appropriate measures to ensure and will not be impossible Identify statistical units through technical means to ensure that they can be used by third parties. All statistics where we can enable statistical unit identification are distributed by INSTAT only if:
a) Possibly Become a Controller of His, The following gives a better assessment of the Regulations, Apply Determination of Such Application, as it does not create prejudice about statistical confidentiality; or
b) The statistical unit has adopted a commitment to creating the city; All confidential to INSTAT only for more statistics and only those who can access it can convict me. Issues and security related to maintaining statistical confidentiality are verified and handled by INSTAT staff.
The responsibilities of this staff, you can see the degree of detail that can be distributed and released by INSTAT. The responsibilities of this staff can be found in more detail: at the most detailed level possible for the dissemination of statistics, so as not to enable direct or indirect identification of the surveyed statistical unit; anonymization criteria for microdata where users can find; use of access for researchers to confirm for scientific uses.
All individual data collected in the statistical unit for the production of official statistics are used only for statistical purposes. These data are published jointly and are not used to make any administrative decision, including decisions on fiscal control or legal investigations.
8.1. Release calendar
Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. The announcements and delays are preannounced in this calendar. In the case of delays, the date of the next publication and the explanation of the reasons for the delays are specified.
In accordance with article 34 of Law No. 17/2018 "On Official Statistics", official statistics are disseminated so that all users have an immediate and equal right and all possible forms of media are used. INSTAT and statistical agencies, having in the program the responsibilities of dissemination, seek to meet every requirement of any organization or individual for unpublished data or specific analysis. The following dissemination channels are used to release the results:
Environmental Taxes statistics are published on annual basis.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
The press release contains information on key indicators such as: energy taxes, transport taxes, etc.
The format of press release is defined by publication sector as well as the date of release. Press releases of Environmental Taxes are published online at INSTATs website.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Publication of Environmental Taxes is published only in press releases, in the “Environmental Taxes in Albania” section. The user can find those publication into the links below: Environmental Taxes in Albania
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
All the information is available in both Albanian and English language. Since 2011, the information is provided to external users in web through the Pc-Axis system. A short methodological explanation exists also in the web page. You can access the database on the section Statistical Database.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Databases at micro level are not published due to confidentiality reasons. Aggregated data is the only type of data that is provided to external users. Even though the micro data are not published they can be accessed based on the article 31, point 7 of the low No. 17/2018, dated 17 April 2018 “On official statistics”.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Users can send other specific requests through a dedicated section for Contacts.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not applicable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The methodology of the Environmental Taxes is based on Eurostat manuals and regulations, which contains a comprehensive set of recommendations on the compilation of the Environmental Taxes statistics indicators. A short explanation related to the definitions of the main concepts and methodological explanations are provided to users in the end of press releases and publications. Additional support information is given to internal users when needed or required. Also the Methodological notes are published at INSTAT’s website.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not applicable.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Economic Accounts in Agriculture and Environment sector documents all processes and procedures used for calculations related to Environmental Taxes for internal purposes.
11.1. Quality assurance
IINSTAT is committed to ensure the highest quality with respect to the compilation of statistical information. In accordance with the Statistics Law, INSTAT use statistical methods and processes in compliance with internationally recognized scientific principles and standards conduct ongoing analyses of the statistics with a view to quality improvements and ensure that statistics are as up to-date. In performing its tasks, it follows the general principles of quality management from the European Statistics Code of Practice. INSTAT declares that it takes into account the following principles: impartiality, quality of processes and products, user orientation, employee orientation, effectiveness of statistical processes, reducing the workload for respondents. Quality controls and validation of data are actions carried out throughout the process. The staffs is involved in different stages of index calculation, such as the data collection, data control, data input and other necessary control are all well trained. This helps the staff to know the enterprises and their responsibilities and keep an updated collaboration.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Environmental Taxes data are compared with the data of the previous years in order to distinguish if the data are coherent or they had big changes. In case of changes, administrative data is used to confirm the situation of cases where large differences of behavior of one year with other years are encountered.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Users on environment taxes are divided into internal and external users:
External users:
Public Administration Institutions
Universities
Non-profit national and international organizations
Businesses
Researchers, students and other similar groups.
Internal users:
Directorate of National Accounts
Directorate of Economic Statistics
Directorate of Social Statistics
Directory of Real Sector
who use fishery statistics as input to their work.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Page Views (Hits) about “Environmental Accounts” data for 2023 are around 951 clicks.
During 2023, INSTAT conducted the user satisfaction survey. The results of the survey shows that the quality of the theme “Environmental Accounts" was rated 3.97 (79.4%) on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good).
Completeness of “Environmental Taxes” data is judged by comparing the quality and quantity of indicators covered by INSTAT with those of the regulations followed. The degree of completeness of the “Environmental Taxes” data, for 2022 will be calculated by EUROSTAT.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not applicable.
The information is based on administrative recording on taxes. There are changes in concepts and some items have environmental taxes as part of them and can’t be extrapolated.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Overall, data is checked with te previous year to identify some important change on the data. In the case has been a chance, INSTAT notifies the relevant institutions and sector inside INSTAT to put to knowledge of the changes that had been found to realize the correction of this data. The general accuracy is considered good.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable because the data are based on administrative sources.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Data review only occurs if the relevant institutions review the data sent to INSTAT for update effect or any potential human error. If the relevant institutions review the data sent to INSTAT, then the most recent publication will reflect these changes and provide brief clarification information to the users. Non-sampling errors are treated with based on the Error Treatment policy.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.4. Processing error
Not applicable.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
The results of Environmental Taxes Statistics are published on the INSTAT website, 481 days after the end of the reference period (T + 481). The reference period for the results of Environmental Taxes Statistics is December 31st, 2022.
Reference period
31 December 2022
Date of publication
24 April 2024
Timeliness
480
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Information on environmengtal taxes is published approximately 19 months after the end of the reference month according to the predetermined date in the INSTAT publication calendar.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Information on environmengtal taxes is published approximately 19 months after the end of the reference month according to the predetermined date in the INSTAT publication calendar.
14.2. Punctuality
The data of Environmental Taxes Statistics are published based on the publication calendar. The publication of Environmental Taxes has been punctual in 100% of the publications made over the years.
Reference period
31 December 2022
Date of announcement
24 April 2024
Date of publication
24 April 2024
Time lag
0
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Not applicable.
For the estimation of environmental taxes data on budget taxes was used. The list of available taxes was analyzed and a defined list of taxes was decided to be more appropriate to be taxes on Environment. A national tax list is present in Albania but for environmental taxes we conducted an extended study of these taxes to have a better estimation. Monthly information is analyzed from the Ministry of Finance data source. The new taxes are analyzed in detail and if new environmental taxes are added the taxes are consulted between NA and the Environment sector to decide for a appropriate treatment of these taxes.
In the end of December 2023 INSTAT estimated and transmited for the first time experimental data on Environmental Taxes data according by NACE 64 industries based on SUT 2020 for years 2019-2020-2021.For the reference year 2022 INSTAT also transmited data on Environmental Taxes, disaggregated by NACE 64 based on SUT 2020.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Coverage of data for Environmental Taxes is comprehensive at country level, data is administrative and statistical information is always available.
Data on Environmental Taxes are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting Environmental Taxes data to Eurostat.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
“Environmental Taxes” Statistics date back to 2008 referring to the statistical database providing a comparability over time of 15 years
(CC2=Jlast-Jfirst+1=15).
The data are constantly checked to ensure their comparability over time.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Not applicable.
15.2.2. Comparability - over time detailed
Tax type
Reference period
Reasons for breaks
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.3.2.1. Coherence - National Accounts detailed
Tax type
Discrepancy
Size of discrepancy
Reasons
15.4. Coherence - internal
Not applicable.
The staff involved in the preparation of Environmental Taxes Statistics is: 2 employees at INSTAT headquarters, in Economic Accounts in Agriculture and Environment sector.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Revision policy is done in accordance with general revision policy and errors treatment policy introduced by INSTAT in the links below:
In the event that local authorities that send information on Environmental Taxes to INSTAT will report changes this information will be updated and published in the next month's publication accompanied by an explanatory note to the user.
During 2022 INSTAT has conducted revisions on tax classifications and are in line with Statistical Revision Policy. As a result it was necessary to review the entire Environmental Tax time series. Changes in Environmental Taxes, as a result of classification revisions, are listed below:
Classification of two of the taxes that affect the environment and their inclusion as part of the taxes on pollution and natural resources.
Reclassification of one of the taxes that has an impact on the environment, from Transport Tax to Energy Tax, used for transport purposes.
These changes are reflected in the entire time series of environmental taxes published on the INSTAT website and in the statistical database, as well as explained in the "Methodology" section of this website.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
17.2.2. Status of data
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
For statistics on Environmental Taxes, INSTAT uses information provide by Memorandum of Understanding Beteween INSTAT and Ministry of Finance and Economy.
18.1.1. Source data detailed
Tax Name/ESA Code
Source data for compiling tax revenue by payer
Energy taxes
Transport taxes
Pollution taxes
Resource taxes
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Frequency of data collection on “Environmental Taxes” is done on annual basis.
18.3. Data collection
Data on Environmental Taxes are administrative data. Statistical information on Environmental Tax is collected by the Ministry of Finance and Economy and then, this information is made available to INSTAT in detail according to the following categories:
Energy taxes;
Transport taxes;
Pollution taxes;
Resource taxes.
18.4. Data validation
There are applied some rules for analyzing the quality of data on Environmental Taxes which includes: logical and mathematical controls. These checks are performed throughout the data processing process for all indicators that INSTAT publishes.
18.5. Data compilation
Not applicable.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.5.2. Use of imputation methods
Tax type
Reference years
Method for breaking down revenue to payer
18.5.3. Compilation of estimations
Not applicable.
18.5.4. Compilation of revenue payable by non-residents
Not applicable.
18.5.5. Compilation of revenue broken down by payer for years before 2008
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
Data presents environmental tax revenue (by tax category - energy, transport, pollution and resource taxes) broken down by economic activity (tax payer), using the NACE classification for production activities extended to cover taxes payable by households and non-residents.
Environmental taxes are considered as an economic instrument to control pollution and management of natural resources and are designed to influence the behaviour of businesses, producers and consumers. Environmental taxes are part of the environmental economic accounts, a satellite system of national accounts.
Environmental tax: Environmental tax is defined as "A tax whose tax base is a physical unit (or a proxy of a physical unit) of something that has a proven, specific negative impact on the environment, and which is identified in ESA2010 as a tax".
Environmental tax statistics are part of European environmental economic accounts, which constitute satellite accounts to national accounts. Thus, environmental tax statistics follows ESA2010 definition of ‘taxes’. Consequently, only payments that are identified as taxes in the national accounts can be reported as environmental taxes whereas other types of payments to government are not excluded from the scope of the data collection. Compliance with the tax definition of the national accounts improves international comparability of the statistics, and is in line with the guidance, concepts and definitions of the System of environmental and economic accounting (SEEA).
The national tax list is a starting point for the assessment of environmental tax revenues. The methodology used for their calculation is made in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 and Eurostat guidelines: "Environmental taxes, a statistical guide". These data are harmonized with the European System of Economic Accounts (ESA 2010).
Energy taxes: Energy taxes (including car fuel) include taxes on energy products in the country, as well as on energy products that are also used for transport purposes. This also includes taxes on bio fuels and other forms of energy from renewable sources, as well as taxes on energy product reserves.
Transport taxes: Transportation taxes (excluding car fuel) refer mainly to taxes related to ownership and use of vehicles. These taxes also include taxes on other means of transport (such as aircraft, ships and trains, etc.) and their services.
Pollution taxes: Pollution taxes include emissions to air and water, solid waste management and noise etc. The tax on CO2 emissions, which is covered by the energy tax category, is excluded.
Resource taxes: Resource taxes include taxes on the extraction or use of natural resources (water, forests, wildlife, etc.). VAT and other taxes do not represent a tax that directly or indirectly affects the environment, and is not used in an exclusive way to protect the environment. As a result, these taxes are excluded from these estimates.
Data refer to environmental taxes collected by the government and payable by the different economic agents.
The target population are all production sectors by NACE, households as consumers and non-residents.
The geographical area covered by the data set: Country level
The reference period for Environmental Taxes is 31 December 2022. This report refers to 2022.
Overall, data is checked with te previous year to identify some important change on the data. In the case has been a chance, INSTAT notifies the relevant institutions and sector inside INSTAT to put to knowledge of the changes that had been found to realize the correction of this data. The general accuracy is considered good.
The unit of measure is: Million Albanian Lek (ALL) - National Currency (MNAC)
Not applicable.
For statistics on Environmental Taxes, INSTAT uses information provide by Memorandum of Understanding Beteween INSTAT and Ministry of Finance and Economy.
Environmental Taxes statistics are published on annual basis.
The results of Environmental Taxes Statistics are published on the INSTAT website, 481 days after the end of the reference period (T + 481). The reference period for the results of Environmental Taxes Statistics is December 31st, 2022.
Reference period
31 December 2022
Date of publication
24 April 2024
Timeliness
480
Coverage of data for Environmental Taxes is comprehensive at country level, data is administrative and statistical information is always available.
Data on Environmental Taxes are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting Environmental Taxes data to Eurostat.
“Environmental Taxes” Statistics date back to 2008 referring to the statistical database providing a comparability over time of 15 years
(CC2=Jlast-Jfirst+1=15).
The data are constantly checked to ensure their comparability over time.
