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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistics Netherlands (Centraal Bureau van de Statistieken) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | National Accounts/Environmental Accounts |
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1.5. Contact mail address |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 29/09/2023 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 29/09/2023 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 29/09/2023 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
Air emissions accounts (AEA) record flows of gaseous and particulate materials emitted into the atmosphere as a result of economic activity. AEA are a subset of environmental-economic accounts. They offer a detailed breakdown for 64 emitting economic activities (NACE), plus households, as defined in the national accounts of EU countries. They are aligned with economic statistics and GDP. These features make them suitable for integrated environmental-economic analyses and modelling – for example of 'carbon footprints' and climate-change modelling scenarios. National Statistical Institutes (NSI) submit AEA to Eurostat through a mandatory annual data collection. The data collection includes an electronic questionnaire and this quality report.
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3.2. Classification system | |||
The AEA dataset has the following dimensions: 1) Air pollutant: Emissions to air of the following gaseous and particulate substances are collected (greenhouse gases, air pollutants): Carbon dioxide without emissions from biomass (CO2), Carbon dioxide from biomass (Biomass CO2)*, Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) including nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Non-methane volatile organic compounds, (NMVOC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Particulate matter < 10μm (PM10), Particulate matter < 2,5μm (PM2,5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Ammonia (NH3) 2) Geopolitical entity: EU Member States, EFTA Countries, Candidate Countries etc. 3) Economic activities: include 64 production activities (classified by NACE rev.2 A*64), and households’ consumption (3 sub-classes). 4) Time: reference year for which air emissions are reported 5) Unit: tonnes and thousand tonnes |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
The data refer to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants emitted by resident units representing the national economy are covered. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Conceptually AEA belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, AEA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No.691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts. AEA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably, they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record emissions related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically. Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Air emissions accounts'). |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Data refer to emissions by resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), including households. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory. By following this residence principle, the Air Emission Accounts record emissions from resident units' activities, regardless where they occur. This is the main conceptual difference to emission inventories for greenhouse gases (UNFCCC) and air pollutants (CLRTAP). |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
from 1995 to 2021 (when possible 2022) |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable because AEA are not reported as indices. |
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The unit of measure is tonnes or thousand tonnes. F-gases (HFC, PFC, SF6 and NF3) are reported in tonnes of CO2 equivalents. SOX are reported in tonnes of SO2 equivalents, and NOX are reported in tonnes of NO2 equivalents. |
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The data refer to calendar years. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Air emissions accounts (AEA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011on European Environmental Economic Accounts. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable at national level. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
CBS collects data from people, companies and institutions. Upon receipt of these data, all directly identifying personal details are removed as soon as possible and replaced by a pseudo key. CBS uses these so-called pseudonymised data to conduct statistical research. CBS will only publish statistical information without identifiable or traceable personal data. Furthermore, CBS has taken measures to ensure protection from theft, loss or abuse of personal data. CBS meets the most stringent requirements as regards data protection. Every year, a privacy audit takes place which is carried out by an accredited external organisation and which results in a Privacy Audit Proof certificate. This is how CBS demonstrates its compliance with the regulations of the GDPR (the accountability principle). Annexes: Statistics Netherlands Privacy Policy |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
The General Data Protection RegulationCBS is bound by the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This Regulation helps protect the privacy of citizens. In addition, CBS adheres to the privacy stipulations in the Statistics Netherlands Act, the European Statistics Code of Practice, and its own Code of conduct (Dutch only). Annexes: Statistics Netherlands Privacy Policy |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
We will publish this data in our statistical database ‘StatLine’ in November 2022. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
We will publish this data in our statistical database ‘StatLine’ in November 2023. |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Data published on the Statistic Netherlands’s website (Statline) is freely accessible for all users. |
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Data are disseminated annually. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Several publications (see 10.2) will be updated with the latest data, on the website of Statistic Netherlands and the ‘Compendium voor de leefomgeving’, which is a shared platform containing data about nature and environment of Statistics Netherlands, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and Wageningen University. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
The following publications can be found on the website of Statlistic Netherlands and the website ‘Compendium voor de leefomgeving’. Compendium voor de leefomgeving is a shared platform containing data about nature and environment of Statistics Netherlands, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and Wageningen University.
Hoe verhoudt de uitstoot zich tot de economische groei?
Hoeveel broeikasgas stoot de transportsector uit?
CO2-emissies verklaard http://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0170-de-co2-emissie-verklaard
Bruto toegevoegde waarde en milieudruk door de industrie
Milieurekeningen: emissies en afval door de Nederlandse economie https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0212-milieurekeningen-herkomst-en-bestemming-van-stoffen
Milieurekeningen: bijdragen van consumenten en producenten aan milieuthema’s
Milieurekeningen: bijdragen van economische activiteiten aan milieuthema’s en bruto toegevoegde waarde https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0214-milieurekeningen-milieudruk-en-economische-activiteiten
Broeikasgas en CO2-intensiteit bedrijven https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0542-broeikasgasintensiteit-bedrijven
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Online database of Statistics Netherlands- Statline Annexes: Online database Statistics Netherlands - Statline |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Emissions to air by the Dutch economy; national accountsAnnexes: Statline-Emissions to air by the Dutch economy; national accounts |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not available |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Online database -Statline |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Metadata is included / can be downloaded along with the data table. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Short research description (in Dutch): |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Metadata compleet in Statline |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
There are quality reports for the emission inventory. Eventually AEA quality reporting to ES provided last year. Data on Dutch AEA (metadata can be found as well) can be found: https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/en/dataset/83300ENG/table?dl=2BCF9 Metadata is included / can be downloaded along with the data table. Short research description (in Dutch):
For the national PRTR data, some dedicated reportings are compiled on uncertainties of the data. These are made on demand, on an irregular basis. Several assessments are made on uncertainties in the data / data compilation. I.e. following reportings: 1. ‘Assessment of uncertainties and QA/QC procedures in the Dutch GHG Inventory Report’, 2010’, or; 2. ‘Uncertainty in the Netherlands’ greenhouse gas emissions. Inventory Estimation of the level and trend uncertainty using the IPCC Tier 1 approach, 2009 or; 3. Inter comparison of emission estimates for the Netherlands following the EMEP/EEA Guidebook and the Dutch Emission Registry, 2009; Etcetera. These documents can be found via: https://www.ceip.at/status-of-reporting-and-review-results http://www.emissieregistratie.nl/erpubliek/erpub/default.nl.aspx ‘IPCC protocollen - Greenhouse gasses protocols’ : These reportings deal with several aspects underlying the Dutch NIR reporting (updated for NIR 2014) and treats each substance and sector in detail. The documents contains chapters on: ‘Uncertainty and quality’, ‘Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC)’, ‘Verification’, ‘sources’ etc. These documents can be found via: https://unfccc.int/ghg-inventories-annex-i-parties/2020
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
See 10.7 on the quality of the sources. And during the compilationprocess checks are carried out and analyses are performed on the data. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
See 10.7 on the quality of the sources.And during the compilationprocess checks are carried out and analyses are performed on the data. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Main users are policy researchers, modellers in energy and climate research, input-Output researchers and analysts. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
No surveys are conducted on user satisfaction. Enquiries on figures and statistics can be submitted at our Infoservice |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Complete |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
See Annex 1. Annexes: Annex 1 |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
The Netherlands transmitted the data to Eurostat on 30-9-2023, covering the years 1995-2022 When required complete time series 1990 – 2022 can be supplied. Data is based on the NACE Rev.2. break down. The national AEA dataset of 1990-2022 was ready September 29th 2023 We will publish this data in our statistical database ‘StatLine’ in November 2023. . |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
The percentage of releases delivered on time: 100% |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
The Regulation requires air emissions accounts to be provided by 30 September every year.
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
AEA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting AEA to Eurostat. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
See Annex 2. Annexes: Annex 2 |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Greenhouse gas emissions by the Dutch economy are higher than Dutch emissions according to the IPCC. This is because the IPCC leaves out emissions of short cycle CO2 , bunkering and international transport. Whereas IPCC data are mainly used to monitor international agreements, the emissions by the Dutch economy can also be used for environmentaleconomic analyses. This is because the method for calculating emissions by the Dutch economy is in line with the concepts, definitions and classifications of the national accounts. Year-on-year developments in CO2 emissions according to the above two calculation methods show great similarities. In both cases, they mainly concern emissions from stationary sources. Over the long term, we do observe differences in the developments in the period 1990–2019.
See also CO2 emissions as related to IPCC emissions and emissions on the Dutch territory: https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0170-de-co2-emissie-verklaard Annexes: Greenhouse gas emissions by the Dutch economy |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Not applicable, because AEA data are annual. |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
AEA is in coherence with the National Accounts, as the data is compiled following the guidelines and definitions of the National Accounts. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
We are striving for coherence with other environmental accounts such as Energy Accounts and Material Flow Accounts |
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ICT efficiency- transition of Excel proces to R: 40 hours Improving method/analysing new datasources: 70 hours Compiling data: 150 hours Filling Questionaire, online-database: 40 hours
Total 0,78 FTE - 300 hours |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Every year we recalculate the full time series of AEA from 1990 onwards. Normally till t-1. This is done to align every single year completely with the emissions inventory data (and changes that occur in there). The result is that there are no inconsistencies with the emissions inventory data.
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
See 17.1 |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
For emissions from stationary sources we use the national emission inventory. For emissions from mobile sources for the different transport modes we use either inventory-first or energy-first approach depending on which method leads to the best compilation quality.
The main data source for the estimation of the emissions is the national emission inventory (from stationary and mobile sources). In addition we use traffic performance data for road transport broken down to types of transport. Also for inland navigation we use performance data. Data from the energy statistics /accounts and national accounts is used for transport by air and transport by sea. And we use emission factors obtained from the emission inventory and auxiliary sources such as year reports from airports and carriers. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Anually |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
Not by survey (see 18.1) |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
See 10.7 and 11 |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
For emissions from stationary sources we use the national emission inventory. For emissions from mobile sources for the different transport modes we use either inventory-first or energy-first approach depending on which method leads to the best compilation quality. |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5.2. Method used to allocate emissions to economic activities | |||
The principle data source for emissions from stationary sources is the national emission inventory. This database provides emissions for all required gases and by different sectors. For road transport the traffic performance data is provided at NACE level and used as allocation key (new data source). For air travel, inland shipping and marine vessels the allocating to according economic activity is straight forward, as source data is mainly related to one NACE group. For mobile equipment’s the emission from national inventory is already in a NACE classification. For the further breakdown to NACE A*64, national accounts production data is used as auxiliary data. |
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18.5.3. Method used to determine and distribute road transport emissions | |||
Allocation to NACE and households The total emissions of residents are subsequently allocated to NACE groups and households. Different methods are used for different vehicle types.
The Transport Statistics provide the road performance data of residents’ passenger cars (in km) by location (Dutch territory and abroad), by fuel type (petrol, diesel and LPG), and by ownership (companies or households). These road performance data are calculated into energy used, with information on fuel used by vehicle and fuel types, per year. Fuel used per vehicle and fuel types are technical information also referred to as specific fuel used, and are provided by the National Emission Registration with assistance from the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). The calculated results are now TOTAL energy used by passenger cars by fuel type and by ownership category (companies or households), per year.
Next, steps are made to break down the energy used into NACE groups and households. For this in the Netherlands we have at our disposal the capital stock of passenger cars in NACE (71 groups) per year. However, we need these figures in NACE (128 groups), as this is the required level of the final road transport distribution key for the distribution of air emissions. For this further breakdown we use as distribution key the Production figures from the Supply and Use Table (National Accounts) in NACE (128 groups), per year.
Finally, with data on energy used of NACE groups and households as distribution key, the emissions of residents’ passenger cars (in Dutch territory and abroad) are allocated to NACE groups and households. And adjustments for operator are made by using wages and salaries in kind as key to correct for leased cars.
For freight vehicles, we have better and more detailed road performance data information available from the Transport Statistics than for passenger cars. The road performance figures are available in NACE (19 groups). This is the best quality distribution key in our opinion for the allocation of road transport emissions to NACE groups and households.
As the data are in NACE (19 groups), we need to break them down further to NACE (128 groups). The allocation key we use for this is the capital stock of other vehicles (other than passenger cars) as , which is available in NACE (71 groups), per year. For the breakdown of the capital stock data to NACE (128 groups), we use as distribution key the Production figures from the Supply and Use Table (National Accounts) available in NACE (128 groups), per year.
The distribution keys for the air emission account are per vehicle type and in NACE (128) groups. For PEFA different distribution keys are used. The PEFA distribution keys are per fuel type (petrol, diesel oil, lpg). The keys are compiled using road transport data – transport performance which is per fuel (petrol, diesel oil, lpg) and vehicle type (Freight vehicles, Motorcycles, Buses, Mobile machineries and Special purpose vehicles). And also fuel used data and national account information is used. |
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18.5.4. Adjustments for residence principle | |||
Stationary sources are considered to be equal for both the territory and nation’s economic activity and require no adjustment. For road transport the inventory-first method is used because of the availability of more detail road traffic performances data. The starting point is the national inventory data and bridging items are compiled with traffic performance data as auxiliary data. For air transport, the residential fuel use and emissions are based on the dominating figures by our main national carrier (Air France - KLM with figures for the residential part (KLM – subsidiary). Corrections are made in combination with data of ‘actual emissions’ from the territory obtained by emission inventory. For inland navigation we use national statistics on mileage of (i) residential inland vessels inland and (ii) outside territory and (iii) mileage of non-residential vessels at the territory as auxiliary data with the national inventory data. The first (i) and second (ii) item provides the total residential figures for fuel use and emission. The second (ii) and third item (iii) form the bridging items to get from the territory (i & iii), to the residential figures for fuel use and emissions. For marine shipping we start from the business register which shows the companies that exploit sea vessels. This information is combined with production statistics with as a result intermediary use and for example fuel use monetarily. These monetary figures in NA, combined with fuel price information per fuel type (HFO / MFO), provides us with physical fuel supply and use. This is derived for the different fuel types. For the impact of bunkering additional confrontations are made, i.e. with energy statistics (energy balance), emission inventory data, etcetera. As energy accounts data was not available from 2014 onwards, national accounts data has been used as auxiliary data.
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
There are no other discontinuities in time series. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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