Hungarian Central Statistical Office

Multi-domain Statistics Department/Environmental and Statistics Section

Air emissions accounts (AEA) record flows of gaseous and particulate materials emitted into the atmosphere as a result of economic activity.

AEA are a subset of environmental-economic accounts. They offer a detailed breakdown for 64 emitting economic activities (NACE), plus households, as defined in the national accounts of EU countries. They are aligned with economic statistics and GDP. These features make them suitable for integrated environmental-economic analyses and modelling – for example of 'carbon footprints' and climate-change modelling scenarios.

National Statistical Institutes (NSI) submit AEA to Eurostat through a mandatory annual data collection. The data collection includes an electronic questionnaire and this quality report.

The AEA dataset has the following dimensions:

1)           Air pollutant: Emissions to air of the following gaseous and particulate substances are collected (greenhouse gases, air pollutants):

Carbon dioxide without emissions from biomass (CO2),

Carbon dioxide from biomass (Biomass CO2)*,

Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4),

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs),

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) including nitrogen trifluoride (NF3),

Nitrogen oxides (NOx),

Non-methane volatile organic compounds, (NMVOC),

Carbon monoxide (CO),

Particulate matter < 10μm (PM10),

Particulate matter < 2,5μm (PM2,5),

Sulphur dioxide (SO2),

Ammonia (NH3)

2)           Geopolitical entity: EU Member States, EFTA Countries, Candidate Countries etc.

3)           Economic activities: include 64 production activities (classified by NACE rev.2 A*64), and households’ consumption (3 sub-classes).

4)           Time: reference year for which air emissions are reported

5)           Unit: tonnes and thousand tonnes

The data refer to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants emitted by resident units representing the national economy are covered.

Conceptually AEA belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, AEA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No.691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

AEA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably, they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record emissions related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Air emissions accounts').

Data refer to emissions by resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units.

The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

By following this residence principle, the Air Emission Accounts record emissions from resident units' activities, regardless where they occur. This is the main conceptual difference to emission inventories for greenhouse gases (UNFCCC) and air pollutants (CLRTAP).

1995- for each pollutant and GHG, except the particulate matter 10 and 2,5, which are available from 2000.

Not applicable because AEA are not reported as indices.

The unit of measure is tonnes or thousand tonnes.

F-gases (HFC, PFC, SF₆ and NF₃) are reported in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.

SO_X are reported in tonnes of SO₂ equivalents, and NO_X are reported in tonnes of NO₂ equivalents.

The data refer to calendar years.

Air emissions accounts (AEA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011on European Environmental Economic Accounts.

Not applicable at national level.

Act CLV of 2016 on Official Statistics assures all of the confidentiality issues.

Act CLV of 2016 on Official Statistics assures all of the confidentiality issues.

Air emissions accounts will be disclosed on 6 October 2023.

http://www.ksh.hu/katalogus/#/stadat/tema/environment/en

Users are informed only by our website appearance.

Data is disseminated annually.

We have no news releases.

AEA data is disseminated via Stadat and Dissemination databases and various publications.

Stadat data: https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_eng?lang=en&theme=kor

Dissemination database data: http://statinfo.ksh.hu/Statinfo/themeSelector.jsp?&lang=en

Green economy:https://www.ksh.hu/s/helyzetkep-2022/#/kiadvany/zoldgazdasag

Environmental Report, 2020: https://www.ksh.hu/apps/shop.kiadvany?p_kiadvany_id=1074513&p_temakor_kod=KSH&p_lang=HU

Stadat data: https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_eng?lang=en&theme=kor

Dissemination database data: http://statinfo.ksh.hu/Statinfo/themeSelector.jsp?&lang=en

Number of Stadat tables related to AEA: 5.

Number of dissemination database related to AEA: 1.

We have no microdata for researchers about AEA.

We have no other data dissemination means.

Number of metadata sets related to AEA: 18.

Metadata files are in our password protected database and cannot be linked.

The ratio of the number of metadata elements provided to the total number of metadata elements applicable is 100 percent.

Quality related documents are available only through ESS Metadata Handler.

Our quality procedures comply with the European Statistics Code of Practice.

There are no general deficiencies in the time series. Most of the data are available from administrative sources. There are certain estimations applied, but they do not affect the general data quality.

We have not received any feedback from our users yet. We just monitor the visit frequency of our webpage.

See 12.1

We provide all the information according to the Regulation (EU) No.691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

Most of the data are available administrative sources. There are certain estimations applied, but they do not affect the general data quality.

We do not have information about low data quality.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Data is available nationally 21 months after the reference year finished.

National average production time is 4 months.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Deadline of submitting our dataset is 30 September. We provided the data on 4th September.

We published the data meeting all the deadlines.

AEA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting AEA to Eurostat.

Not applicable.

We do not have break in time series as there have been no changes in the underlying statistical methodology, in which case this should be reported.

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

We do not have information about cross domain incoherences.

Not applicable, because AEA data are annual.

Hungarian AEA are coherent and consistent with the European system of accounts.

Each set of outputs are internally consistent.

Most of the data are available from administrative sources. There are certain estimations applied, but they do not affect the general data quality. There is no additional extra cost filling in the AEA questionnaire.

We estimated about 4 months of full time equivalents for the production of AEA.

There were data revisions for certain data compared to the last year's questionnaire, which were due to the revisions in inventory.

We revised data, because the underlying inventory data also were revised. Otherwise we revise data only, if an error is detected.

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

Our dataset is based on the inventory supplemented with other data sources such as population data, tourism and transport data. We also use GDP figures for certain estimations.

There is an annual data collection.

We receive the inventory data directly from the data provider. We use internal (population and GDP data) and external (Eurostat) queries (transport and tourism data) to have the required information.

We investigate inconsistencies in the statistics and verify the statistics against expectations and domain intelligence, and apply outlier detection.

We also apply the macro providing by Eurostat to detect consistency and plausibility issues.

We use the inventory approach by compiling the AEA.

Not applicable.

Source data are allocated to industries according to the latest version of Manual For Air Emissions Accounts. Where we could not allocate directly, we allocated according to GDP proportions.

We receive Air Emissions National Inventory from the Hungarian Meteorological Service, the compiler of the inventory. The Hungarian Meteorological Service uses COPERT model to calculate road transport air emissions. The COPERT model covers the whole population in Hungary. Our National Accounts Department provides us the gross amount of vehicles in mio HUF. The gross amount of vehicles is estimated by perpetual inventory method and is in correspondance with National Accounts. We allocate the road transport emissions to NACE categories in the proportion of gross amount of vehicles. We receive data about the proportion of passenger cars operated by natural and not natural persons from the Ministry of Interior, which stems from a survey representing all the population. We allocate the emission by the proportion of the number of passenger cars operated by natural persons to households transport and the rest to the different industries in accordance with the previously mentioned share of gross amount of vehicles. We have the tourism and transport statistics in Eurostat database, we prepare these downloads according to the AEA manual. There is a calculating table, that calculates the values of Air Emissions Accounts according to the residence principle for 10 air pollutants. The source of this data for road transport is the following, which is available in Eurobase: data on international annual road and freight transport (goods loaded and unloaded in reporting country), national annual road transport by group of goods and type of transport, population, number of tourism nights, quarterly cross-trade road freight transport by type of transport, road cabotage transport by country in which cabotage takes place. After having downloaded the previously mentioned information, we have data for residents: transport of goods by residents within national territory, transport of goods by residents for international journeys leaving from the country. Non-residents figures have to be subtracted: transport of goods by non-residents within national territory and transport of goods by non-residents for international journeys leaving from the country. Finally we add the figures of transport of goods by residents for international journeys leaving from a foreign country and bound to the country, and transport of goods by residents for international journeys operating entirely abroad. We do the same allocation with passenger car emission figures combining it with tourism and population numbers. This calculating table calculates the relevant bridge table values according to the latest Air Emissions Accounts manual. We adjust to residence principle to all data sources which require it. As we have the above mentioned figures, we are able to allocate road transport between NACE industries and households.

Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority is the reporting institution of PEFA. PEFA and the inventory both are based on energy statistics information and AEA uses the inventory’s values to compile its accounts. On the other hand there is not a direct link between PEFA and AEA compilation, because the reporting institutions are different. But we make discussions at the final phase of PEFA compilation to eliminate discrepancies between AEA and PEFA compilation.  We do not use vehicle registers, periodic motor vehicle inspection, survey data by compiling the AEA.

Land transport: We adjust the residence principle for road transport and railway transport according to the latest AEA manual. For additional information see 18.5.3.

Water transport: We do not have substantial water transport, so we do not adjust it according the residence principle either.

Air transport: We use the mixture of OECD database values, inventory international aviation figures and own estimations for air transport emission. In our own estimations we divide the inland and foreign flight phases together with the resident and non resident operators and calculate proportions out of them. Transport of goods and persons are also taken into consideration. Finally we calculate proportions from OECD database values, inventory international aviation figures and own estimations from the data we have for the lacking years.

Not applicable; i.e. in AEA no time series adjustment necessary.

Not applicable.