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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich (Statistics Austria) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Directorate Spatial Statistics |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Guglgasse 13, 1110 Wien |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 23/09/2022 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 23/09/2022 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 23/09/2022 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
Air emissions accounts (AEA) record flows of gaseous and particulate materials emitted into the atmosphere as a result of economic activity. AEA are a subset of environmental-economic accounts. They offer a detailed breakdown for 64 emitting economic activities (NACE), plus households, as defined in the national accounts of EU countries. They are aligned with economic statistics and GDP. These features make them suitable for integrated environmental-economic analyses and modelling – for example of 'carbon footprints' and climate-change modelling scenarios. National Statistical Institutes (NSI) submit AEA to Eurostat through a mandatory annual data collection. The data collection includes an electronic questionnaire and this quality report.
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3.2. Classification system | |||
The AEA dataset has the following dimensions: 1) Air pollutant: Emissions to air of the following gaseous and particulate substances are collected (greenhouse gases, air pollutants): Carbon dioxide without emissions from biomass (CO2), Carbon dioxide from biomass (Biomass CO2)*, Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) including nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Non-methane volatile organic compounds, (NMVOC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Particulate matter < 10μm (PM10), Particulate matter < 2,5μm (PM2,5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Ammonia (NH3) 2) Geopolitical entity: EU Member States, EFTA Countries, Candidate Countries etc. 3) Economic activities: include 64 production activities (classified by NACE rev.2 A*64), and households’ consumption (3 sub-classes). 4) Time: reference year for which air emissions are reported 5) Unit: tonnes and thousand tonnes |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
The data refer to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants emitted by resident units representing the national economy are covered. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Conceptually AEA belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, AEA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No.691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts. AEA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably, they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record emissions related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically. Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Air emissions accounts'). |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Data refer to emissions by resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), including households. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory. By following this residence principle, the Air Emission Accounts record emissions from resident units' activities, regardless where they occur. This is the main conceptual difference to emission inventories for greenhouse gases (UNFCCC) and air pollutants (CLRTAP). |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
2008 to 2021 |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable because AEA are not reported as indices. |
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The unit of measure is tonnes or thousand tonnes. F-gases (HFC, PFC, SF6 and NF3) are reported in tonnes of CO2 equivalents. SOX are reported in tonnes of SO2 equivalents, and NOX are reported in tonnes of NO2 equivalents. |
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The data refer to calendar years. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Air emissions accounts (AEA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011on European Environmental Economic Accounts. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable at national level. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Article 17 of the Austrian Federal Statistics Act 2000 regulates the confidentiality of statistics. Article 19 of the Austrian Federal Statistics Act 2000 specifies rules for publication of statistics. According to it statistics shall be published in a manner that prevents any connection being made with statements concerning specific or identifiable data subjects unless the data subject concerned has no interest warranting protection in his/her data remaining confidential. In the event such connections cannot be ruled out, publication is subject to the explicit prior written consent of the data subject involved. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
AEA is an accounting system that makes use of already processed and anonymised data deriving from primary statistics. Only in case of NACE 07 and 08 (Mining of metal ores , other mining and quarrying ) on national level confidentiality is an issue. Data derive from short term business statistics flagged confidential according to the following rules: Aggregates have to be flagged confidential if data refer to less than 3 statistical units (primary confidentiality). If a company proves dominance in a specific aggregate, the cells of the table might be closed, even if there are more than 3 contributing units. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
All data is available and published in t+21. Usually the release date is around October 10 each year. Annexes: Release calendar |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
The release date for the AEA press release is publicly available in the release calendar: https://www.statistik.at/en/medien/release-calendar Annexes: Release calendar |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Results are disseminated to all users at the same time. Standard tables are free access – more detailed tables and special reports are with costs. |
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Data are disseminated annually. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
There is an annual press release on AEA. Published around October 10. Annexes: Section: press releases |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Results are published in the following Statistics Austria publication media: Statistics Austria website – Environment, Statistische Nachrichten (in German only), Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreichs (contents and headings in English, otherwise in German only). The results are also forwarded to the contracting entity in the form of a project report – which is also published at the webpage. Annexes: Statistische Nachrichten and statistisches Jahrbuch (search form) |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
The AEA data are disseminated in the Statistics Austria Database STATcube in full scope. Annexes: Air emission accounts as of 2008 |
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10.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
There is no data available on data table consultations. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
not applicable |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Data are sent to Eurostat to be released as national data and to be used in European aggregates. At national level data are used in the integrated NAMEA and the material flow accounts. Within this publication an overview on the compilation concepts is given and furthermore the reference to AEA project report where the guidelines are given in detail. Annexes: Integrated NAMEA Material flow accounts |
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10.5.1. Metadata - consultations | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Metadata about methodology and quality is available in every paper and electronic publication. The most detailed documentation on methodology and quality is the standard documentation on integrated NAMEA which is released on Statistics Austria's website. Annexes: Standard documentation on Integrated NAMEA |
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10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Quality documentation is included in chapter 3 of the standard documentation. Annexes: Standard documentation |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Statistics Austria is committed to ensuring the highest quality with respect to the compilation of statistical information. In accordance with the Federal Statistics Act (Article 24), Statistics Austria has to use statistical methods and processes in compliance with internationally recognised scientific principles and standards, conduct ongoing analyses of the statistics with a view to quality improvements and ensure that statistics are as up-to-date as possible. This commitment to quality is also specified in Statistics Austria’s mission statement. In adopting the European Statistics Code of Practice, Statistics Austria has committed to adhering to principles and standards for the production and dissemination of high-quality statistics. As part of the European Statistical System (ESS), Statistics Austria recognises the Quality Declaration of the ESS. The Statistics Council has set up a Quality Assurance Committee, a primary focus of which is the ongoing examination of potential quality improvements Statistics Austria uses standard-documentation to provide users with information about the underlying concepts, definitions, methods used and the quality of the statistics (meta-information) in a standardised format. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
In cooperation with the Statistic Committee’s Quality Assurance Committee, feedback meetings concerning the quality of the different statistical products are held regularly within the framework of Statistics Austria’s quality management programme. In addition internal quality audits are carried out by the quality management team. The content and objectives concern critical examination of the quality aspects of statistics with particular consideration of the methods and processes used; identification of quality improvement potential; development of recommendations for improvement measures; and improvement of the standard documentation relating to the statistics in question, with special attention to the views of users and external experts. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Main users at the national level are federal ministries, e.g. Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK), federal chancellery, interest groups, University and non-university research institutes, e.g. Eco Austria, university of natural resources and life sciences (BOKU), students. Main international users are Eurostat, the OECD and the UN. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Currently no satisfaction survey for environmental accounts is undertaken, but in cooperation with the Statistic Committee’s Quality Assurance Committee, feedback meetings concerning the quality of the different statistical products on the basis of the standard documentation are held regularly within the framework of Statistics Austria’s quality management programme. In these feedback meetings special attention is given to the views of users and external experts. Additionally every two years the Advisory council for the environment gathers for a meeting. Results from ongoing work in environmental accounts is presented and discussed among experts. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
The dataset is complete. A higher level of detail (NACE categories breakdown) would be desireable but is not possible at the moment due to missing input data. |
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12.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
See Annex 1. Annexes: Accuracy assessment |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey. |
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13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1. Coverage error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.2. Measurement error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3. Non response error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.4. Processing error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
T+21 |
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14.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
There is no time lag betwen the delivery and the target date (for national publication as well as for the delivery to EUROSTAT). |
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14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
AEA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting AEA to Eurostat. |
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15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Coherence with Air Emission Inventory: AEA considers only emissions caused by persons living in Austria as well as enterprises and institutions registered in Austria. In contrast to this, the Environment Agency Austria compiles – within the framework of international reporting obligations (UNFCCC, UNECE CLRTAP) – the Austrian Air Emission Inventory, where air emissions are reported that are caused in Austria, independently of the polluters´ origin. Annexes: Search for: National Inventory Report and Informative Inventory Report |
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15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||
Not applicable, because AEA data are annual. |
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15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts | |||
The reported AEA data is consistent with ESA. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
The outputs are internally consistent. |
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Reg. (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates cost effectiveness as statistical principle; however, there is no legal obligation to provide cost and burden information in quality reports. Such an obligation is also not covered by sectoral legislation. Due to the fact that consistent standards and definitions for cost reporting are currently not available and are yet to be developed by the RDG-expert group there is a high risk of misrepresentation and distortions when comparing costs of statistics production across countries. Statistics Austria will, hence, not provide any cost information until agreed harmonised reporting standards are in place. |
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Explanations valid for all emissions from 2013 on: For all NACE and households: With the introduction of PEFA we had data available not only on the consumption of motor gasoline, diesel and gaseous fuels but also on liquid biofuels. Bridging items: In accordance with PEFA it was possible to report bridging items for international land transport in more detail than in previous years. Bridging items air transport and H51: For CO2 the OECD data on CO2 emissions of air transport is used and due to the lack of data for the rest of the emissions a breakdown of the CO2 emissions is applied. As the OECD database has data available from 2013 on, Austria used statistical backcasting to compute the data for the years 2008 to 2012. Bridging items water transport and H50: Fuel consumption data and data on tonne-kilometers on the Austrian waterways are used to calculate the time series for H50 as well es the bridging items for water transport. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
The revision policy of Statistics Austria is explained in the link below. Annexes: Revision policy Austria |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
AEA is dependent on basic statistics. In case there are revisions in basic statistics they are performed in AEA as well. Usually the whole time series is revised in order to avoid breaks. |
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17.2.1. Data revision - average size | |||
Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
Structural Business Data - persons employed per NACE: administrative data source Useful Energy Analysis - survey data (details on sample size etc. see quality repot URL) Emission Inventory - uses various data sources (for details see NIR URL) PEFA - uses various data sources (quality report will be published soon) Energy Accounts - uses various data sources (quality report will be published soon) Energy balances and energy transformation balance - uses various data sources (see quality report URL) Motor vehicle statistics - administrative data (see quality report URL) Supply and Use Tables - uses various data sources (see quality report URL) Housing Statistics - uses various data sources (see quality report URL) Eco taxes - administrative data (see quality report URL) UNFCCC / UNECE CLRTAP data: compilation of national data OECD Air Transport Emissions Annexes: Useful Energy Analysis quality report NIR Energy Balance Quality Report Motor Vehicle Statistics Building and Dwelling Register Environmental taxes quality report IIR Freight transport on inland waterways quality report |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Annually. |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
No surveys conducted in AEA. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
The results from the basic statistics for the whole data series are compared with the previous year. In case of deviations that are not explained in the publications the compilers of the statistics are contacted. The same is true if there is no obvious reason for a deviation for the reporting year. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
The inventory-first approach is used, for more details see 18.5.3 |
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18.5.1. Imputation - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5.2. Method used to allocate emissions to economic activities | |||
Air emissions are calculated by the Environment Agency Austria GmbH as a product of emission factors and emission-generating activities based on the CORINAIR system of the European Environment Agency (EEA) using the SNAP classification. They are included in the Austrian Air Pollution Inventory (AAPI), which is the basis for the international reporting obligations under UNFCCC and UNECE CLRTAP and uses the "domestic concept" of the environmental accounts whereas the AEA follows the "residence concept". The SNAP processes must be assigned to the economic divisions of the ÖNACE. With most SNAP codes this is not a problem as they can be assigned directly to an economic activity. The same applies to those emissions that relate to the private households institutional sub-sector. A more complex (indirect) method must be used where multiple economic activities are grouped together under one SNAP process (e.g. coal mining, oil and gas production and pipeline compressors); non-process specific activities, e.g. combustion installations for space heating, need to be broken down or entire emitter groups contain no information for assignment to ÖNACE divisions, e.g. use of solvents, road traffic. In the case of non-specific processes this is performed using auxiliary variables and expert knowledge. Transport emissions are additionally adjusted in line with the "residence concept". The following SNAP codes have to be assigned indirectly. • 020103 Combustion installations < 50 MW in the service sector: These are emissions from the operation of space heating in service industries. The assignment is performed using energy accounts which are following the residence principle as well. From 2012 on emissions deriving from the combustion of industrial wastes (Fuel 115a) are assigned to NACE 35 instead of the services sector. From 2012 on there is no final energy consumption for the services sector in the energy balances. • 030103 Combustion installations < 50 MW in the manufacturing sector: Based on the information in the Austrian Air Pollution Inventory, non-specific combustion processes in the manufacturing sector can to some extent be assigned directly to the iron and steel manufacturing industries, the chemical and petrochemical industries, the paper and cardboard industries and the food, drink and tobacco industries. The remainder is assigned based on the energy accounts. • 040618 Use of limestone and dolomite: Emissions are assigned to the most important responsible parties with the support of experts from the Environment Agency Austria. ÖNACE 2003 2-digit codes 21, 24, 26, 27 and 40 as well as ÖNACE 2008 2-digit codes 17, 20, 23, 24 and 35 are used. • 050103 Storage of solid fuels (coal): Emissions are assigned to users of coal, lignite, lignite briquettes and coke based on the energy accounts (according to the AEA guidelines). • 060108 Other industrial paint applications: Emissions are assigned using the breakdown of the labour force in full-time equivalences to ÖNACE 2003 2-digit codes17-19, 21, 22, 24-27, 29-33, 35 and 36 / ÖNACE 2008 2-digit codes 13-15, 17-18, 20-24, 26-28, 30-32. • 0604 Fireworks: There is no data regarding how the use of fireworks is assigned to private and commercial users. It has therefore been decided to use the pragmatic approach of assigning the emissions equally to the private households institutional sub-sector and the ÖNACE 2003 2-digit code 92 (Culture, sport and entertainment)/ÖNACE 2008 2-digit code 93 (Performance of sport, entertainment and recreation services) in which pyrotechnicians are classified. • 090208 Combustion of waste oil: The emissions are assigned based on information from relevant experts from the Environment Agency Austria to ÖNACE 2003 2-digit codes 26 (Manufacture of glass and glass products, Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products) and 90 (Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities) / ÖNACE 2008 2-digit codes 23 (Manufacture of glass and glass products, Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products) and 38 (Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; materials recovery). • 091001 Waste water treatment in industry: Here emissions are also assigned to the most important responsible parties with the support of experts from the Environment Agency Austria. These are ÖNACE 2003 2-digit codes 15 (Manufacture of food products and beverages), 20 (Manufacture of wood products, except furniture) and 21 (Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products) / ÖNACE 2008 2-digit codes 10 (Manufacture of food products and beverages), 16 (Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture) and 17 (Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products). • 060508 Other (Lubricant use, AdBlue, Paraffin Wax): For the allocation of lubricant use to households and industries the supply- and use tables from national accounts were used as a key. AdBlue was allocated to households and industries with the same percentage breakdown as diesel consumption according to energy accounts. Emissions deriving from the use of paraffin wax are rather small. For reasons of simplicity they are fully assigned to private households. • 091008 Accidental Fires: The National Inventory Report (NIR) 2018 lists the amount of car fires, industrial building fires and fires of detached houses and fires of apartment houses. Car fires were allocated according to a distribution key derived from the number of vehicles aggregated to 9 industries and vehicle tax. Industrial building fires were allocated with the same percentage breakdown as number of work places by industry. Fires in detached houses and apartment houses were fully assigned to private households. F-Gases: The Austrian Air Pollution Inventory reports F-Gases only in CRF codes (no SNAP codes). F-Gases were allocated to economic activities and households as suggested in the guidelines provided in the “Note on allocating emissions of fluorinated gases to NACE industries in air emissions accounts (2017)”. F-Gases were allocated depending on where they occur: during manufacturing, the use of products (stock) or from disposal of products. Some of the reported emissions in a CRF sector had to be split up to several NACE categories. The emissions from stocks in CRF sector 2.F.1.a “commercial refrigeration” were allocated to NACE categories G463, G472, G4711, I55 and I56 using the indicator “goods and service input given in 1.000 euro” from structural business statistics as a distribution key. Emissions from use of domestic refrigeration (CRF-sector 2.F.1.b) were fully assigned to households (compared to other sectors emissions are very small). Emissions from stocks in CRF sector 2.F.1.c “industrial refrigeration” were allocated to NACE categories C10, C11, C19, C20, C21 and H52 assuming 10% of emissions derive from refrigerated storage houses belonging to NACE category H52. The remaining emissions were assigned using the production value as a distribution key. Emissions from stocks in CRF sector 2.F.1.d “transport refrigeration” were allocated to NACE categories G46, G47 and H49 using the production value as a distribution key. Emissions from stocks in CRF sector 2.F.1.e “mobile air conditioning” were allocated to all NACE categories in several steps. First of all 1% of the emissions were allocated to NACE category H49 as this is the percentage of emissions deriving from air condition in trains and underground trains. The remaining emissions were in a first step allocated according to the distribution of the vehicles stock (cars, buses, tractors) over 9 sectors (public administration, agriculture and forestry, production, commerce, transportation, accommodation and food service activities, activities of membership organisations and private persons). In a next step emissions were further distributed to NACE categories using motor vehicle tax as a distribution key. Emissions from stocks from CRF sector 2.F.1.f “stationary air condition” derive from heat pumps and air conditioning in buildings. The share of emissions from heat pumps is around 7.5% in the respective time period. This share was allocated to NACE categories with the distribution key for ambient heat from physical energy accounts. The remaining 92.5% were allocated to households and NACE categories. 2.7% was dedicated to households. This percentage derives from the collected household data of the study “Austrian Electricity and Gas Journal 2016”. NACE categories like agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, construction, transportation and repair services were assumed to have no or only minor room air conditioning and thus no emissions were assigned to them. The remaining emissions were then allocated to all other NACE categories according to share of employees expressed in full time equivalents. Emissions from stock and disposal of CRF sector 2.F.2. “foam blowing agents” were fully assigned to the construction sector. Emissions from stock of CRF sector 2.F.3 “fire protection” is related to fixed systems in server rooms. Emissions were allocated to NACE categories J58, J60, J61, J62-63, K64, K65, K66, M71, M72, M73 and O84 using the production value as a distribution key. Emissions from stock in CRF sector 2.F.4.b “Aerosols, other” refer to a technical aerosol used for the cleaning of cameras. Emissions were split up 50:50 between households and NACE category N74. Emissions of stocks in CRF sector 2.G.2.c “soundproof windows” was allocated to households and the economy using the share of residential buildings in total buildings deriving from the building register. In a next step emissions in the economy were allocated according to the number of work places per economic activity. The use of shoes and tyres and metered dose inhalers were fully assigned to households. Natrium trifluoride (NF3) was reported together with sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) (only NACE category C26 is concerned). |
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18.5.3. Method used to determine and distribute road transport emissions | |||
• 0701-0705 Emissions from road and offroad vehicles: Traffic emissions must be adjusted to the rules of the "residence concept". It is based on the consumption of motor gasoline, diesel, natural gas, liquified petroleum gas and liquid biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol and other liquid biofuels) from PEFA with additional information from national energy accounts (from 2013 on). This represents the consumption that can be assigned to domestic institutional units. To these values the differences are added from energy balances minus energy accounts/PEFA. These are those amounts that cannot be assigned to domestic institutional units. Starting with 2013 and in accordance with PEFA bridging items for international land and air transport are reported in more detail than in previous years. Based on freight road statistics and information on travel preferences by residents, fuel use that cannot be assigned to domestic institutional residents is differentiated into fuel that is used by national residents abroad and fuel that is used by non-residents on the territory. The percentage breakdown thus derived is used to assign the road transport emissions from the AAPI to domestic institutional units and to the two bridging items “land transport by residents abroad” and “land transport non-residents on the territory”. From the reporting period 2019 on, the emissions of off-road vehicles in the agriculture, household and building sector as well as those for military use are assigned with the vehicles emissions as well and not further directly assigned to the respective NACE codes. The reason is, that the base surveys do not differentiate between road and off-road fuel consumption. • 0706 Fuel evaporation: The emissions from fuel evaporation are assigned to domestic institutional units with the same percentage breakdown as petrol. • 0707 Attrition from tyres and brakes: There is no precise data for attrition from tyres and brakes, which is why the assignment is made based on the vehicle population with no consideration of vehicle type or driving behaviour.
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18.5.4. Adjustments for residence principle | |||
for road transport see 18.5.3. Air transport: 2008 onwards: Due to the lack of data concerning flights of resident airlines abroad the OECD data on air transport CO2 emissions is used. This data provides an accurate picture of the emissions of resident airlines abroad. For the other emissions a breakdown of the CO2 emissions is used. Water transport: Data on tonne-kilometres from freight transport on inland waterways statistics and emission factors were used to calculate H50 as well as the bridging items related to water transport.
Annexes: OECD Data on CO2 emissions from air transport |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
There is no need for data modification. |
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18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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