Standard output coefficients of agricultural products (ef_aux

Code	Description	SOC 2017
SOC_CLND018	Sugar beet (excluding seed)	SORS data only for year 2019
SOC_CLND055	Fruits, berries and nuts (excluding citrus fruits, grapes and strawberries)	More accurate SO calculations based on the more detailed data obtained for berries, nuts and mediterranean fruit
SOC_CLND056	Pome fruits	New group added
SOC_CLND057	Stone fruits	New group added
SOC_CLND058	Fruit species of subtropical climate zones	New group added; data on area and production were obtained (figs, kiwis, …)
SOC_CLND081	Vegetables (including melons) and strawberries under glass or high accessible cover	Corrected data from SORS in 2017 for previous years, in particular for tomatoes in a protected area
SOC_CLVS008	Cows	SOC calculated for the heading Cows (SOC_CLVS008), previously only for the subheadings Dairy cows (SOC_CLVS009) and Non-dairy cows (SOC_CLVS010)
SOC_CLVS030	Bees	More accurate SOC calculation for bees based on newly acquired data from administrative sources

Standard Output Coefficients (SOC) are collected under the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) legislation: Council Regulation (EC) No 1217/2009 setting up a network for the collection of accountancy data on the incomes and business operation of agricultural holdings in the European Union, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1198/2014 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/220 amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1975.

For more information, you can consult the Eurostat glossary page on the standard output.

8 October 2024

The standard output coefficient of an agricultural product (crop or livestock), abbreviated as SOC, is the average monetary value of the agricultural output at farm-gate price, in euro per hectare or per head of livestock.

Other concepts and definitions are presented in the Typology handbook (RI/CC 1500 rev 5) prepared by the Committee for the Farm Accountancy Data Network.

Determination of the SOC

The SOC are calculated in accordance with the definitions and principles laid down in Typology Handbook (RI/CC 1500 rev. 5, 2020).

The SOC are updated using the direct observation method. SO is valued on the basis of the quantities produced (by area or livestock unit) and the corresponding unit price, taking into account the value of each secondary product and the replacement value for livestock. SOC was calculated according to the suggested methodologies presented in Annex I of Typology Handbook (RI/CC 1500 rev. 5, 2020).

The main data sources were annual statistics on agriculture provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SORS):

Statistics on crop production (agricultural land use, cultivated area, quantity produced);

Animal husbandry statistics (livestock numbers by category, production of meat, milk, eggs, etc.);

Agricultural price statistics (average absolute prices of agricultural products at farm gate, average absolute green - market prices). [GVM(E1]

For the characteristics for which there was insufficient statistical data, other sources and expert evaluations were used. For SOC 2020, some data were obtained from administrative data sources (Farm register, The register of grape and wine producers, Central data base of cattle). Additional administrative data sources also used are Identification, Registration and Information Systems Division from Ministry of agriculture, forestry and food administration of the republic of Slovenia for food safety, veterinary and plant protection.


In addition to updating the data sources for SOC 2020, the calculation methods of SOC were also reviewed and, where necessary, corrected, amended or supplemented.

Changes to the calculation methods by product code are explained in more detail in the following table.

Methodological updates of SOC 2020

Code	Description	SOC 2020
SOC_CLND015	Peas, field beans and sweet lupines	The purchase price of fodder peas is in relation to the purchase price of soybeans (0,88 : 1,00).
SOC_CLND018	Sugar beet (excluding seed)	Only data for years 2019-2022 are available.
SOC_CLND055 SOC_CLND056_57	Fruits, berries and nuts (excluding citrus fruits, grapes and strawberries) Fruit of temperate climate zones	From 2021 onwards, the price for walnuts is estimated based on the share of the price of walnuts in the food markets. For some less important fruit types, prices are determined based on the share of the price on the food markets (hazelnuts and chestnuts – X 0.7) and in relation to other purchase prices (figs – 2 X the price of persimmons).
SOC_CLVS029	Rabbits (breeding females)	Only purchase price 2018 available; from 2019 price in relation to the purchase price of broilers (2,2 : 1,0).

Extraordinary events in recent years, e.g. the covid-19 epidemic, Russian aggression against Ukraine, various natural disasters also shook agricultural markets. The changing conditions have greatly influenced the price-cost relationships on the market of agricultural products. The prices of most agricultural products rose particularly markedly in 2022, which also affected the increased SOC values.

For some groups of crops, SOC vary considerably from year to year, which can be the result of strong production fluctuations, mainly due to weather factors (crop production) and price movements.

The differences in SOC due to methodological updates are generally rather small.

For some crop groups, the calculated SOC are still unreliable, due to the lack of, irrelevant or unrepresentative data sources. That applies particularly in aromatic, medicinal and culinary plants (SOC_CLND034), flowers – outdoor and under glass (SOC_CLND046 and SOC_CLND082) and nurseries (SOC_CLND070). For these characteristics, SOC calculations are mostly based on expert consultations. For some crop groups, the SOC vary from year to year, which may be due to strong fluctuations in production (weather conditions) and prices. There is no collected data for breeding female rabbits (SOC_CLVS029) past 2018 and for walnuts past 2021.[GVM(E1]

SOC for 2020

SOC 2020 is calculated as arithmetic average of values for 2018–2022 calendar years in EUR without VAT for all codes from the list.[1] Clarification of deviations in SOC 2020 in comparison to SOC 2017 is in the table below.

Table 1: Clarification of important deviations in SOC 2020 in comparison to SOC 2017

Code	Description	SOC 2020
SOC_CLND004	Common wheat and spelt	Record purchase prices in 2022.
SOC_CLND006	Rye	Record purchase prices in 2022.
SOC_CLND007	Barley	Record purchase prices in 2022.
SOC_CLND009	Grain maize and corn-cob mix	Record purchase prices in 2022.
SOC_CLND017	Potatoes (including seed potatoes)	Very high purchase prices in 2019-2022.
SOC_CLND034	Aromatic, medicinal and culinary plants	Production and price data fluctuates greatly between years, large increases in hectare yields and purchase prices in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, a 75 % increase in the price of grain corn compared to 2021 is taken into account.
SOC_CLND037	Forage plants - total
SOC_CLND041_042	Other plants and cereals (excluding maize) harvested green n.e.c.	Forage evaluated based on the energy value and price of MJ corn for grain. Large increase due to high grain maize prices in 2021 and 2022. In 2022, a 75 % increase in the price of grain corn compared to 2021 is taken into account.
SOC_CLND047	Seeds and seedlings	Forage evaluated based on the energy value and price of MJ corn for grain. Large increase due to high maize corn prices in 2021 and 2022
SOC_CLND050	Permanent grassland and meadow - total	Forage evaluated based on the energy value and price of MJ corn for grain. Large increase due to high maize corn prices in 2021 and 2022. In 2022, a 75 % increase in the price of grain corn compared to 2021 is taken into account.
SOC_CLND048_083	Other arable land crops n.e.c. including under glass or high accessible cover	Weighted mean SOC of field crops excluding vegetables, melons, strawberries, flowers and ornamental plants (excluding nurseries) and hops.
SOC_CLND056	Pome fruits	Large annual fluctuations in production due to weather factors.
SOC_CLVS019	Breeding sows, live weight 50 kg and over	Considerable change in prices last two years.
SOC_CLVS021	Broilers	Only animal product, that has SOC 2020 smaller than SOC 2017. There was a data revision of poultry prices by SORS in 2020, updated methodology for price.
SOC_CLVS016 SOC_CLSV017	Breeding female goats Other goats	Deviations in animal numbers data by years, unreliable data.
SOC_CLVS030	Bees	Deviations of produced honey, mainly due to weather influence

[GVM(E2]

RESULTS

Final results in standard transmission table (SI_SO_2020.xlsx) and working tables are delivered to the Statistical office of the Republic of Slovenia in the electronic form (to: Barbara.Kutin@gov.si and Ales.Krajnc@gov.si).

[1] also listed in Annex IV of COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2015/220 laying down rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1217/2009 setting up a network for the collection of accountancy data on the incomes and business operation of agricultural holdings in the European Union

[GVM (E1]could this section be moved to Metadata, item 13.1. Accuracy - overall

[GVM (E2]could this section be moved to Metadata, item 15.2?

[GVM (E1]could this section be moved to Metadata, item 18.1. Source data ?

The agricultural holding is defined by Council Regulation (EC) No 1217/2009 as a farm business, in accordance with its general use in the context of Union agricultural surveys and censuses. See for more information Regulation (EU) 2018/1091, article 2(a) and the IFS 2023 national quality reports, concept 3.5.1

See Regulation (EU) 2018/1091, article 3 and the IFS 2023 national quality reports, concept 3.6.1.

Standard Output Coefficients (SOC) are collected under the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), by FADN regions in each country. FADN regions are mapped with NUTS regions. For more information on NUTS regions, see the NUTS classification.

Article 4 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1198/2014 states on the reference period for the standard output: “For the purposes of calculating standard outputs for the Union farm structure survey for year N, as referred to in Article 5b(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1217/2009, the reference period consists of the five successive years from year N-5 to year N-1. The standard outputs shall be determined using average basic data calculated over the reference period laid down in the first paragraph and commonly referred to as ‘N-3 standard outputs’. These N-3 standard outputs shall be updated to take account of economic trends at least each time a Union farm structure survey is carried out.

The SO coefficients (SOC) are calculated for five consecutive calendar years, i.e. 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and are calculated for the SO region of Slovenia (SI). The SOC 2020 is calculated in EUR as arithmetic average of values for 2018–2022 calendar years.

For the characteristics for which there was insufficient statistical data, other sources and expert evaluations were used. For SOC 2017, some data were obtained from administrative data sources (Farm register, The register of grape and wine producers, Central data base of cattle). Data from new administrative data sources (Identification, Registration and Information Systems Division from Ministry of agriculture, forestry and food administration of the republic of Slovenia for food safety, veterinary and plant protection) which were not yet available for SOC 2013, were also used.

Units of measure utilised in the SOC data set are listed in the data transmission file to Eurostat by product. In general terms the used ones are EUR/100HEAD, EUR/100M2, EUR/HA, EUR/HEAD, EUR/HIVE.

Not requested for this reference year.

The main data sources were annual statistics on agriculture provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SORS):

Statistics on crop production (agricultural land use, cultivated area, quantity produced);
Animal husbandry statistics (livestock numbers by category, production of meat, milk, eggs, etc.);
Agricultural price statistics (average absolute prices of agricultural products at farm gate, average absolute green- market prices).

SOC data are published on Eurobase under the “Ancillary data” page on Agriculture statistics. The publication of the data normally takes place within N+1 year after the deadline for the data transmission. Nevertheless updates of the data can occur, triggered by DG Agri and Eurostat revision and post-validation checks.

SOC2020 was delivered to Eurostat within due deadline of 31 December 2023

Comparing SI coefficients with those of neighbouring regions it can be stated that Slovenian agriculture cannot be directly compared with neighbouring countries due to the small market and the special conditions of agricultural production. Price fluctuations between individual products vary over the years (extremely volatile in recent years in the wake of COVID-19 and the Ukrainian-Russian conflict) and do not always move in the same direction as in neighbouring countries.

For some crop groups, the coefficients of SO vary from year to year, which may be due to strong fluctuations in production (weather conditions) and prices.

A time comparison is possible for SOCs 2020 vs 2017:

Code	2020 vs 17	Comments
A2230	21.3%	Record purchase prices of all Bovine in 2022
A3120	20.5%	Considerable change in prices last two years.
A4200	21.0%	Deviations in animal numbers data by years, unreliable data.
A4210K	21.2%	Deviations in animal numbers data by years, unreliable data.
ARA99T_ARA09S	22.9%	Weighted mean SOC of field crops excluding vegetables, melons, strawberries, flowers and ornamental plants (excluding nurseries) and hops.
C1110T	32.4%	Record purchase prices in 2022.
C1200T	27.8%	Record purchase prices in 2022.
C1300T	34.0%	Record purchase prices in 2022.
C1500T	30.8%	Record purchase prices in 2022.
C1600T_C1700T_C1900T	28.5%	Record purchase prices in 2022.
E0000T	99.1%	SOC for seeds and seedling are calculated as an average value of different species. In last 2 years, percentage of seedling, of which prices are higher, was significantly bigger.
F1100T	27.8%	Large annual fluctuations in production due to weather factors. Record yield in year 2018, which followed extremely bad yield in 2017, which is not included in SOC2020.
F1200T	-45.8%	Large annual fluctuations in production due to weather factors.
F2000T	-24.0%	Large annual fluctuations in production due to weather factors.
G9100T_G9900T	22.5%	Forage evaluated based on the energy value and price of MJ corn for grain. Large increase due to high grain maize prices in 2021 and 2022. In 2022, a 75 % increase in the price of grain corn compared to 2021 is taken into account.
I1110T	24.3%	Record purchase prices in 2022.
I1130T	23.6%	Record purchase prices in 2022.
I5000T	190.3%	Production and price data fluctuates greatly between years, large increases in hectare yields and purchase prices in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, a 75 % increase in the price of grain corn compared to 2021 is taken into account.
R1000T	25.1%	Very high purchase prices in 2019-2022.
R9000T	-20.9%	Lower yields in 2022 because of bad weather.

Standard output coefficients of agricultural products (ef_aux_soc)

1. Contact

1.1. Contact organisation

1.2. Contact organisation unit

1.3. Contact name

1.4. Contact person function

1.5. Contact mail address

1.6. Contact email address

1.7. Contact phone number

1.8. Contact fax number

2. Metadata update

2.1. Metadata last certified

2.2. Metadata last posted

2.3. Metadata last update

3. Statistical presentation

3.1. Data description

3.2. Classification system

3.3. Coverage - sector

3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

3.5. Statistical unit

3.6. Statistical population

3.7. Reference area

3.8. Coverage - Time

3.9. Base period

4. Unit of measure

5. Reference Period

6. Institutional Mandate

6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements

6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

7. Confidentiality

7.1. Confidentiality - policy

7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

8. Release policy

8.1. Release calendar

8.2. Release calendar access

8.3. Release policy - user access

9. Frequency of dissemination

10. Accessibility and clarity

10.1. Dissemination format - News release

10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

10.3. Dissemination format - online database

10.3.1. Data tables - consultations

10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

10.5. Dissemination format - other

10.5.1. Metadata - consultations

10.6. Documentation on methodology

10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate

10.7. Quality management - documentation

11. Quality management

11.1. Quality assurance

11.2. Quality management - assessment

12. Relevance

12.1. Relevance - User Needs

12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

12.3. Completeness

12.3.1. Data completeness - rate

13. Accuracy

13.1. Accuracy - overall

13.2. Sampling error

13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators

13.3. Non-sampling error

13.3.1. Coverage error

13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

13.3.2. Measurement error

13.3.3. Non response error

13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate

13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

13.3.4. Processing error

13.3.5. Model assumption error

14. Timeliness and punctuality

14.1. Timeliness

14.1.1. Time lag - first result

14.1.2. Time lag - final result

14.2. Punctuality

14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication

15. Coherence and comparability

15.1. Comparability - geographical

15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

15.2. Comparability - over time