EDUCATION AND TRAINING

National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS)

Compiling agency: Office of Statistics Liechtenstein


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Statistical presentation
3. Statistical processing
4. Quality management
5. Relevance
6. Accuracy and reliability
7. Timeliness and punctuality
8. Coherence and comparability
9. Accessibility and clarity
10. Cost and Burden
11. Confidentiality
12. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)
 



For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support

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1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation

Office of Statistics Liechtenstein
1.2. Contact organisation unit

Education statistics
1.5. Contact mail address

Äulestrasse 51
9490 Vaduz
Liechtenstein


2. Statistical presentation Top
2.1. Data description

A general description of the statistical process and its outputs, and their evolution over time.

 

NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
The following documents provide general information on the educational system; please add the relevant links for your country.

General link to Eurydice:
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/home_en
National system broad overview:

https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/liechtenstein_en
National Education System Description:

https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/legislation-36_en
National Education System - Provisions regarding language learning:

ISCED 1: 1st and 2nd grade: 1 lesson foreign language (English) per week, 3rd to 5th grade: 2 lessons foreign language (English) per week

ISCED 2: Number of foreign language lessons is depending on the type of school and varies between 3 to 4 lessons per week for a first foreign language (English) and 0 to 3 lessons per week for a second foreign language (French). 

ISCED 3: 3 lessons English and 3 lessons French per week. 

ANNEX I
Structure of Education and Training Systems:
https://www.llv.li/files/sa/4000%20Grafik%20Aufbau%20Bildungswesen%20deutsch%20140411.pdf

 

Please, use the box below if you wish to complement or amend the information provided by Eurydice:

 

 

Link to the ISCMAP programme and qualification:
ANNEX II
National link to programmes and qualifications:
 

 

Further information on data flagged ‘d’ in the database is available to download from the Annex of the Metadata page for Education administrative data from 2013 onwards (ISCED 2011):
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/educ_uoe_enr_esms.htm
2.2. Classification system

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available for the next collection.
2.3. Coverage - sector

All educational institutions in Liechtenstein are reported, except early childhood educational development (ISCED 01).
2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

The main characteristics collected are gender, age and natinoality of different statistical units.

In addtion educational trainings are assigned to ISCED 11 categories, split into full-time/ part-time trainings and split into general/ voactional respectively into academic/ professional categories.
2.5. Statistical unit

Main statistical units are number of pupils/ students, number of graduates and number of personnel (FT, FTE) at public and private insitituions. 

In addition all public expenses for education (Swiss Franc) are reported.
2.6. Statistical population

Population consists of all pupils/ students/ graduates registered at public an private educational institutions in Liechtenstein.
2.7. Reference area

Reference is Liechtenstein.

2.8. Coverage - Time

Through the change from ISCED 1997 to ISCED 2011, a break in time series in 2013 has occured. Nevertheless older data with limited comparability from 2003 on is available.

In national publication longer time series are existing.
2.9. Base period

Not applicable.


3. Statistical processing Top
3.1. Source data

For each UOE table, please list the source(s) used to compile information: UOE table, name, type, date of availability and responsibility.

 

Sources used for data on enrolments
Detailed variables concerned Name of the source Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
ISCED 0-8 list of pupils and students: ministry of education, one public school and four private institutions. Register data UOE data provider

 

Sources used for data on entrants
Detailed variables concerned Name of the source Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
ISCED 1-3 Minestry of education Register data UOE data provider

 

Sources used for data on personnel
Detailed variables concerned Name of the source Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
ISCED 0-8 list of staff: ministry of education and four private institutions. Register data UOE data provider

 

Sources used for data on enrolments at regional level
Detailed variables concerned Name of the source Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.

 

 

Sources used for data on foreign languages learning
Detailed variables concerned Name of the source Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
ISCED 1-3 list of pupils: ministry of education and two private institutions. Register data UOE data provider

 

 

Sources used for data on graduates
Detailed variables concerned Name of the source Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
ISCED 3, 6, 7, 8 3 public schools, 3 private schools Register data UOE data provider

 

Sources used for data on education expenditure
Detailed variables concerned Name of the source Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other) Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
ISCED 0-3 central government expenditure data from the finance departement UOE data provider
3.2. Frequency of data collection

All datas are collected annually.
3.3. Data collection

Data is collected via email. All data for the UOE data collection is delivered in excel files. 
3.4. Data validation

Data is systematically checked for completeness. Some results are randomly compared to the raw data and values published in previous years. In some cases internal tables from other offices are available for comparison. In additon noticeable values are checked by contacting the institution or office responsible. 
3.5. Data compilation

Operations performed on data to derive new information according to a given set of rules.

 

Weighting methods
Weighted figures for differing reference periods Weighted figures for differing theoretical ages Conversion factors from part-time to full-time equivalent (FTE) data
Not applicable Not applicable Part-time is considered as 0.5 FTE.

 

 

Estimations methods used in the UOE questionnaires
Type of data Detailed variables concerned ISCED level Reference year(s) Data source (internal to UOE or not) Data type (sample-based or not) Data source name in English Reason Description of the estimation method
Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.
3.6. Adjustment

Not applicable.


4. Quality management Top
 
4.1. Quality assurance

Data is systematically checked for completeness. Some results are randomly compared to the raw data and values published in previous years. In some cases internal tables from other offices are available for comparison. In additon noticeable values are checked by contacting the institution or office responsible. 
4.2. Quality management - assessment

Information for the UOE questionnaire is based on register data.

In Liechtenstein there exists an obligation for the Office of Education to register all children in compulsory education (art. 80 para. 1 Education law). Pupils who do an apprenticeship (ISCED 3, vocational) are registered at the Office for Vocational Training and Career Counseling, which is supervising this area of education (art. 27, para. 1, Vocational education law). Most pupils are registered by these two Offices. All other - mainly private - institutions send information to the Office of Statistics every year. 

Concerning personnel data, most teachers are also registered at the Office of Education with all the necessary details. Additional data is sent to the Office of Statistics by different institutions on a yearly basis. 

All the information was available in time and complete. Consistency checks did run without any noticeable problems. The general quality of the register data used can be rated as very good. 


5. Relevance Top

Every 5 year an online survey is done to check if public statistics meet user needs.

In addition the office of statistics tries to integrate input from external sources, e.g. some variables in tables are added on bases of remarks from users.
5.1. Relevance - User Needs

Main users: institutions of education, government, parliament, other offices
5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

Not available.
5.3. Completeness

The extent to which all statistics that are needed are available.

 

ISCED levels not covered
  Enrolments Entrants Personnel Foreign languages learning Regional enrolments Graduates Education expenditure
Data not covered All covered. New Entrants ISCED 6, 7 and 8: As there lots of mobile students from abroad, Liechtenstein cannot check on an individual basis who is a new entrant in tertiary education. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. First time graduates - graduates by duration  Data on independent private institutions and tertiary education. 
Reasons for unavailable data and, planned actions to improve coverage Not applicable. This information is not available in registers. As a lot of students study abroad or come to Liechtenstein, information on new entrants to a level are hard to get.  Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. As a lot of students study abroad, information about first time graduates is hard to get. Data is not published to avoid possible conclusions on single institutions.
5.3.1. Data completeness - rate

100%


6. Accuracy and reliability Top
6.1. Accuracy - overall

As most data is based on offical registers and all other schools have a good interest in complete and accurate lists of pupils and personnel, the data quality is very good. 
6.2. Sampling error

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3. Non-sampling error

See below.
6.3.1. Coverage error

Divergence between the frame population and the target population.

 

Vocational training Programmes shorter than one semester
(or Implementation of the semester rule)
Are vocational and technical training programmes in enterprises included in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)? If Yes, how is the 10% school based component over the whole length of the programme assessed? Do (formal) programmes of shorter duration than one semester, full time equivalent duration as defined nationally, exist (YES/NO)? If Yes, how their duration (shorter than one semester) is assessed? Are all programmes of shorter duration than one semester, full time equivalent duration as defined nationally excluded from the UOE data collection (YES/NO)? If NO, how does the coverage deviate from the UOE Manual recommendation?
Yes. All vocational trainings reported are including a 20% school base. No.      

 

 

Early childhood education programmes
ISCED 01 programmes Reporting of Age in ISCED 0 Personnel in ISCED 0 What is the starting age of compulsory Primary education (ISCED 1)? This is needed for the calculation of ECE indicators such as 'Pupils aged between 4 years old and the starting age of compulsory education, by sex - as % of the population of the corresponding age group'
Do Early Childhood Educational Development programmes (ISCED 01) exist in the country
(YES/NO)?		 If Yes, are these programmes included in the UOE data collection
(YES/NO)?		 Are children under the age of 3 reported as participating in ISCED 02 Pre-primary education programmes? (YES/NO) If YES, please explain why. Are Classroom Teachers and Teacher Aides reported separately in the UOE data collection? (YES/NO) If NO, why? How are they reported? What is the minimum level of qualification required to become a Classroom Teacher at ISCED 01 and 02? Please give ISCED level. What is the minimum level of qualification required to become a Teachers’ Aide at ISCED 01 and 02? Please give ISCED level.
 NO                

 

Special education needs (SNE) programmes
Are students in special education included in the data provided on enrolments, entrants, graduates and regional data
(YES/NO)?		 If NO, could you please specify for which questionnaires and explain why?
 YES  

 

Adult education programmes and "continuing education"
Are adult education programmes included in the data? (YES/NO)  If NO, why?  If YES, does the national definition of “adult” or “continuing” education fully comply with the category as defined by the UOE manual? If the national definition of “adult” or “continuing” education programmes does not fully comply with the category as defined by the UOE manual, how it is assessed that the national “adult” or “continuing” programmes are similar or equivalent to corresponding initial education? 
 YES    YES  

 

Students enrolled in educational institutions organised by ministries other than ministry of education
Do educational programmes organised by Ministries other than Ministry of education exist in the country (YES/NO)?  If Yes, what is the coverage of these programmes in the UOE data collection?  If Yes, and if relevant, which of those programmes are excluded from the UOE data collection?
 NO    

 

Domestic educational activities Distance learning / e-learning programmes
Are all country’s domestic educational activities reported in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)? If NO, which domestic educational activity (e.g. for example Distance learning/e-learning involving two countries, commuting students, foreign campus, European administration schools, etc.) are not reported and why? Are distance learning programmes data reported in the UOE questionnaires? (YES / NO / Partially / Not relevant) If NO, please explain why. If Partially, which ones are excluded and for what reasons? If distance students are included in the data, are national distance learners in programmes organised by institutions outside your country excluded?
Yes.

Such programs do not exist in Liechtenstein.

 There are no distance learning programs in Liechtenstein, therefore: not relevant.      

 

Students participating in exchange programmes (credit mobile students) Foreign languages learning
Are students in short term postings (i.e. exchange programmes (credit mobility)) excluded from the population of students in the data collection (YES/NO)? If Yes, how the length of their stay abroad is assessed? If NO, why they are not excluded? Are students with SNE (Special Needs Education) enrolled in special schools excluded from the data on foreign languages? (YES/NO) Apart from SNE pupils, is the scope of the population the same as the total of students enrolled? (YES/NO) If NO, which pupils are not included?
 No.   Because they stay enrolled during their exchange program.  Yes. Yes.  
 

 

National programmes not covered by the UOE data collection, by ISCED level - Reasons why they are not covered
Programmes not covered at ISCED 0-Early childhood education Programmes not covered at ISCED 1-primary level of education Programmes not covered at ISCED 2-lower secondary level of education Programmes not covered at ISCED 3-upper secondary level of education Programmes not covered at ISCED 4-post-secondary non-tertiary education Programmes not covered at ISCED 5-short-cycle tertiary education Programmes not covered at ISCED 6– Bachelor's or equivalent level Programmes not covered at at ISCED 7 – Master's or equivalent level Programmes not covered at ISCED 8 – Doctoral or equivalent level  
Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not applicable.  

 

Graduates: unduplicated count
Is the method of unduplicated count used for calculation of Graduates in the UOE data collection
(YES/NO)?		 If YES, please explain the method.
 Yes. Very rare cases, randomly assigned if main subject cannot be identified.

 

Tertiary education programmes (ISCED Levels (5-8)
Orientation of programme in tertiary education Personnel in tertiary education, Academic staff
Does the orientation (general/academic, vocational/professional) in tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 7) exist in the country
(YES/NO)?		 If YES, what is the national definition of the programme orientation? Are PhD candidates who are employed and hold titles such as teaching assistant, teaching associate, teaching fellow, research assistant reported as academic staff in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?
     
6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3.2. Measurement error

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3.3. Non response error

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3.4. Processing error

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.3.5. Model assumption error

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).
6.4. Seasonal adjustment

No seasonal adjustments are made. For pupils/students November 15th is the reference date. For apprentices (ISCED 3, vocational), personnel and finance data December 31st is the reference date. 
6.5. Data revision - policy

No data revision, educations statistics is published every year containing only final values. 
6.6. Data revision - practice

Any change in a value of a statistic released to the public.

 

Type of data reviewed Detailed variables concerned Reference time period Year when the revision was made Reason having led to the revision Consequences on accuracy
Finance Expenses: Ministry of education, publisher of education books, general education expenditures, teaching education 2008 2010 Feedback from Eurostat concerning finance data. Until then only costs for different ISCED levels have been reported. From reference period 2008 on expenses of e.g. general education, Ministry of education have been split between different ISCED levels and added to the other costs. Since 2010 Liechtensteins finance data is more accurate and on a better basis to be internationally compared.
6.6.1. Data revision - average size

Not applicable.


7. Timeliness and punctuality Top
7.1. Timeliness

See below.
7.1.1. Time lag - first result

Length of time between data availability and the event or phenomenon they describe. Typically includes:

 

Information related to the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
Data collection Post-collection phase Dissemination/publication in your country Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness
Type of data Start date End date Start date End date Start date End date
Register data November year t November year t+1 Not applicable. Not applicable. March year t+2 April year t+2 For the national publication on education statistics, we use data which is collected between November t and November t+1. For the UOE questionnaires the data collection period is only from November t until April t+1.
7.1.2. Time lag - final result

Not applicable.
7.2. Punctuality

See below.
7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication

The number of days between the delivery/release date of data and the target date on which they were scheduled for delivery/ release.

 

Submission dates for the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
Deadline for transmission of data: 30 September t+2 Deadline for transmission of data: 30 November of t+2
Enrolments Entrants Personnel Foreign languages learning Regional data Graduates Education expenditure
27.9.2019 27.9.2019 27.09.2019 07.10.2019 Not applicable. 28.11.2019 28.11.2019

 

If relevant,reasons for late delivery and action taken or planned for improving punctuality
Enrolments Entrants Personnel Foreign languages learning Regional data Graduates Education expenditure
Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.


8. Coherence and comparability Top
8.1. Comparability - geographical

The extent to which statistics are comparable between countries.

A. Deviations between the national methodology and the UOE Manual: non financial data

Reference period Data collection period Reference date for student and personnel ages
No devations.   No deviations.  No deviations.

 

Enrolment: data collection period Enrolment in multiple fields of education Count of students: if relevant, detailed list of variables for which double counting are significant and why. Regional enrolment Foreign languages learning
No deviations.  No deviations.  No double counting.  Not applicable.  No deviations.

 

Entrants New entrants by field of education Graduates from specific programmes Graduates by field of education
 Not applicable.  Not applicable.  No deviations.  No deviations.

 

Educational personnel in work- and school-based combined programmes Educational personnel taxonomy: classroom teachers (ISCED 0-4) and academic staff (ISCED 5-8) Educational staff at ISCED level 0 Educational personnel at ISCED levels 5-8 Educational personnel and temporary replacements
 Not applicable.  No deviations.  No deviations.  No deviations.  No deviations.

 

B. Deviations between the national methodology and the UOE Manual: financial data

Expenditure at the pre-primary level - the childcare component
Reference period Expenditure at the pre-primary level: is the childcare component excluded (yes/no/partially)? If yes, which is exactly the share of "day care component" to be excluded from the data on the pre-primary level? If no, which estimation method is used to determine the share? Expenditure for teaching/academic hospitals Ancillary services expenditure Evening child care
 No deviations.  Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not deviations.  Not applicable.

 

Cost of a dual-system programme to the employer. Adjustment of enrolments in case there is no data on expenditure at the workplace Expenditure for contributions on pension schemes Households' payments for private tutering Student living costs Ancillary services coverage
 Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not applicable.  Not applicable.  No deviatons. 
8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

No applicable.
8.2. Comparability - over time

The extent to which statistics are comparable or reconcilable over time.

 



 Main changes compared to data transmitted for the previous reference period
Enrolments Entrants Personnel Foreign languages learning Regional data Graduates Education expenditure
Changes in the educational system Yes. No. No. No. Not applicable. No.  No.
Changes in the coverage No. No. Yes. No. Not applicable. No.  No.
Changes in the methodology No. No. No. No. Not applicable. No.   Yes.
Other changes No. No. No. No. Not applicable. No.  No.

 

Main changes over time
Type of data Detailed variables concerned Reference year(s) Changes in the educational system Changes in the coverage Changes in the methodology Other changes
Enrolments ISCED 3 (general education) 2011 Since 2010 also a few full-time classes. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.
Personnel ISCED 0-8 2011 Not applicable. Data for teaching staff is also available for private schools. Not applicable. Not applicable.
General ISCED 1 + ISCED 2 No fix starting date ISCED 1 and 2 are getting more mixed: staff (head and teaching) and finances are more and more difficult to spilt between the two ISCED levels. Kindergarten and primary school are sometimes teached together, material costs, classes and head of schools are put together. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable.
8.2.1. Length of comparable time series

With the change of ISCED 1997 to ISCED 2011 data for pupils (ISCED 0 - ISCED 3)/apprentices (ISCED 3)/students (ISCED 6 - ISCED 8), finance and personnal changed. For Liechtenstein the changes between the ISCED categories are smaller than for other countries, as not all ISCED categories affected are part of the educational system in Liechtenstein. UOE data is comparable from 2013 on, but in the national education statistics longer time series are available.
8.3. Coherence - cross domain

The extent to which statistics are reconcilable with those obtained through other data sources or statistical domains.

 

Name of the national publication Coherence issues
Bildungsstatistik, Indikatoren für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung, Statistisches Jahrbuch, Volkszählung No coherence issues.
8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

No crosschecks with other data sources possible.
8.5. Coherence - National Accounts

The extent to which statistics are reconcilable with National Accounts.

 

Calculation method Scope of education
Education expenditure in the education statistics excludes some costs that are for a broader public like expenses for indoor swimming pools. In summary this is a very small percentage of all education expenditure. Subsquently education expenditure in the education statistics is comparable with national accounts.  Education statistics has the same scope of education as national accounts.
8.6. Coherence - internal

No internal coherence issues. 


9. Accessibility and clarity Top
9.1. Dissemination format - News release

A newsletter is sent out. It countains some short information about the publication released, a link to download the publication and a link to the topic on the homepage of the Office of Statistics. 
9.2. Dissemination format - Publications

The Office of Statistics releases one publication per year on the topic education statistics: https://www.llv.li/files/as/ibildungsstatistik_2018.pdf  

It contains information about pupils/apprentices/students, exams, school personnel, finances, indicators and time series. 

All tables and graphs of the printed version and some additional, more detailed tables are available online in excel.
9.3. Dissemination format - online database

Since spring 2017 education topics are made available on the online database of the Office of Statistics: https://www.llv.li/#/115371/online-daten-etab-portal

Information is also available in English: https://etab.llv.li/PXWeb/pxweb/en/eTab/?rxid=a4cb8296-58ac-4452-821a-0c587794da64
9.3.1. Data tables - consultations

Not applicable.
9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

No micro-data released.
9.5. Dissemination format - other

Not applicable.
9.6. Documentation on methodology

Methodical information is published in the chapter methodology and quality of the education statistics: https://www.llv.li/files/as/ibildungsstatistik_2018.pdf  
9.7. Quality management - documentation

Information about quality are published in the chapter methodology and quality of the education statistics: https://www.llv.li/files/as/ibildungsstatistik_2018.pdf  
9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate

Not applicable.
9.7.2. Metadata - consultations

Not applicable.


10. Cost and Burden Top

Indication of the cost associated with the collection and production of a statistical product and burden on respondents.

Time spent (in working days) Comments

25 working days (about 170 working hours) for UOE questionnaire. Additional 700 working hours for the national education statistics, which is the basis for the UOE questionnaire.

  


11. Confidentiality Top
11.1. Confidentiality - policy

Data protection is part of the national statistics law (LGBl. 2008 Nr. 271).
11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

Because there are only two private institutions in compulsory education and only three universities, financial data on private institutions and tertiary education is not published in order to avoid conclusions on single institutions.


12. Comment Top

Supplementary descriptive text can be attached to data or metadata.


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top
ANNEX I
ANNEX II