Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Data and metadata are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States in the framework of the Unified Demographic Data Collection which is in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 and their implementing regulations.
The regional breakdown of the Member States in the regional demographic tables is done under the most recent NUTS classification. There are agreements between Eurostat and Candidate countries as well as between Eurostat and EFTA countries, for which statistical regions have been coded in a way that resembles NUTS.
For more information on the versions in force, please see: Eurostat NUTS.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Total usual resident population at national level.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
3.4.1 Statistical concepts and definitions used in the statistics transmitted to Eurostat
1.Usually Resident Population
2. Legal Residence Population
3. Registered Residence Population
4. Other
Population
X
Live births
X
Deaths
X
Immigrants
X
Emigrants
X
Acquisitions of citizenship
X
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
X
Late foetal deaths
X (from 2015)
Usual residence or registred residence (until 2015)
Infant deaths
X
Marriages
X
Divorces
X
3.4.2 Statistical concepts and definitions used in the statistics disseminated in the National Statistical Institute's website
Population
Usually resident population, on 1 January, includes all persons who have their usual residence in Romania for a period of at least 12 months.
The coverage of the resident population represents all persons of Romanian nationality, foreign or stateless who have their usual residence in Romania for a period of at least 12 months.
Theresident population of Romania consists of:
the persons regardless of citizenship having their usual residence in Romania;
the persons of Romanian citizenship who live abroad for less than 12 months (border and seasonal workers, people left for studies, for medical treatment or tourism purposes, etc.);
the persons of foreign citizenship, settled in Romania for a period of at least 12 months (including the staff (and the members of their households) of the European Union institutions and of international civil organizations located in the geographical territory of the country);
the members (including the members of their households) of national armed forces deployed in the rest of the world;
the national diplomatic personnel posted abroad;
the persons of Romanian citizenship (including the members of their households) which are crews members of the fishing vessels, other vessels, aircraft and floating platforms operating partly or entirely outside the economic territory.
Simultaneously, the resident population of Romania does not include:
the persons, regardless of citizenship, located in Romania for less than 12 months (border and seasonal workers, people coming for studies, for medical treatment or for tourism purposes etc.);
the Romanian citizenship persons who have their usual residence abroad for a period longer than 12 months;
the members of the armed forces of a foreign country, deployed in Romania;
the foreign diplomatic personnel posted in Romania.
Live births
Live-birth is a product of conception completely expelled or extracted from its mother's body, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which after such separation shows an evidence of life breath, beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definitive movement of voluntary muscles.
Deaths
Deceased is the person whose final functions definitively ceased after a certain time passed from his birth.
Immigrants
Immigrants are the persons who immigrate to Romania for a period of at least 12 months; immigration means the action by which a person establishes his/her usual residence in the territory of a Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another Member State or a third country.
Included the number of people with Ukrainian citizenship who benefit from temporary protection on January 1, year t, according to the Guidance published by Eurostat.
Emigrants
Emigrants are persons who emigrate abroad for a period of at least 12 months; emigration means the action by which a person who had previously been usually resident in the territory of a Member State, ceases to have his/her usual residence in that Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months;
Acquisitions of citizenship
Persons having their permanent residence in the territory of Romania and having acquired the Romanian citizenship during the reference year on Romanian territory. These persons formerly held the citizenship of another Member State or a third country or having formerly been stateless. The persons who took an oath of citizenship on Romanian territory during the same year are included. Data on usual residence of the persons are not available.
Persons that acquired the Romanian citizenship on the territory of other countries (other than Romania) and did not declare that they have the intention to establish the usual residence in Romania are excluded.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Late foetal death is a product of conception, completely expelled or extracted from its mother body after 28 weeks of pregnancy at least, which after such separation does not show any evidence of life.
Infant deaths
Infant deaths are persons that deceased of age less than 1 year old.
Marriages
Marriage represents the union between a man and a woman, freely consented, concluded according to the legislation.
Divorces
Divorce represents the dissolution of a legally concluded marriage, according to a final decision of Judicial Court, of civil status office or of public notary. Data refer to divorce actions for which marriage dissolution was admitted.
3.4.3 Differences in statistical concepts and definitions between the statistics transmitted to Eurostat and those disseminated in the National Statistics Institute's website
Population
No deviation from definition.
Live births
No deviation from definition.
Deaths
No deviation from definition.
Immigrants
No deviation from definition.
Emigrants
No deviation from definition.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Data on usual residence are not available.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
No deviation from definition.
Infant deaths
No deviation from definition.
Marriages
No deviation from definition.
Divorces
No deviation from definition.
3.5. Statistical unit
Number of persons.
3.6. Statistical population
Statistical population
Population
Population with usual residence within Romania.
Live births
All live births with usual residence within Romania (administrative data source).
Deaths
All deceased with usual residence within Romania (administrative data source).
Immigrants
Immigrants with usual residence within Romania.
Emigrants
Emigrants with usual residence within Romania.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Not available.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
All stillbirths whose mothers have usual residence within Romania (administrative data source).
Infant deaths
All deceased under 1 year old with usual residence within Romania (administrative data source).
Marriages
All marriages that occurred within Romania and all marriages that occurred abroad between Romanian and foreign citizens (administrative data source).
Divorces
All divorces that occurred within Romania and all divorces that occurred abroad between Romanian and foreign citizens (administrative data source).
3.7. Reference area
Population, live births and deaths data are available at national and regional level of geographical detail.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Usually resident population starting from 1 January 2003.
Vital statistics starting from 2013.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Data is collected at unit (person) level.
The reference date for population data is the end of the reference period (midnight of 31 December). The reference period for vital and dual events data is the calendar year in which the events occurred. The reference period for migration flow data is the calendar year in which the migration occurred.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Vital events are disseminated as a press release on the 10th of each month.
Provisional data on population and migration flows are disseminated as a press release on last days of August according to Latest press releases web page.
According to the Article 2.1 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007.
Country of birth
Live births and Deaths - According to the Article 2.1 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007; using the country of residence of the mother at the moment of birth.
Internatuional Migration - According to the Article 2 (b) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014.
Country of birth of the mother
According to the Article 2 (c) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014 (the country of residence (in its current borders, if the information is available) of the mother at the time of the birth).
Country of previous usual residence
According to the art. 2 (a) of Commission Regulation (EU) No 351/2010.
Country of next usual residence
According to the Article 2 (b) of Commission Regulation (EU) No 351/2010.
Deaths
According to Article 2 (f) of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013.
Divorce
Divorce represents the dissolution of a legally concluded marriage, according to a final decision of judicial court, of civil status office or of public notary.
Emigrants
According to Article 2.1 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007.
First-time marrying person
First-time marrying persons are persons that contract for the first time in their life the marriage.
First-time registering partner
Registered partnerships are not available in Romania.
Foetal death
Foetal death is a product of conception, completely expelled or extracted from its mother body, which after such separation does not show any evidence of life.
Foreign-born
According to the Article 2 (e) of Commission Regulation (EU) No 351/2010.
Immigrants
According to Article 2.1 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007.
Infant death
Not available.
Late foetal death
Late foetal death is a product of conception, completely expelled or extracted from its mother body after 28 weeks of pregnancy at least, which after such separation does not show any evidence of life.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Level of development
Not available.
Live birth
According to Article 2 (e) of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013.
Live birth order
Live birth order refers to the numeric order of a live-birth within the total number of live births of the mother.
Marriage
Marriage represents the union between a man and a woman, freely consented, concluded according to the legislation.
Native born
According to the Article 2 (d) of Commission Regulation (EU) No 351/2010.
Person contracting legal union for first-time
Legal unions (registered partnerships), other than marriage, are not available in Romania.
Regional
According to the Art. 2 (b) of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013.
Registered partnership
Registered partnerships are not available in Romania.
Registered partnership legally dissolved
Registered partnerships are not available in Romania.
Separation
Separation, other than divorce, is not available in Romania.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
11.2.1. Quality assessment: Type of duration of stay used when counting a person as a migrant according to Art. 2(b) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007
1. Actual duration of stay of at least 12 months
2. Intended duration of stay of at least 12 months
3. Actual and intended duration of stay of at least 12 months
4. Other. Please specify
Nationals
Immigrants
X
Emigrants
X
EEA citizens
Immigrants
X
Emigrants
X
Non EEA citizens
Immigrants
X
Emigrants
X
Coverage is according with Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 but slightly under/over coverage due to the data sources used for estimate of the usual resident population (e.g.: no possibility to measure the intention of stay).
11.2.2. Quality assessment of the definition of acquisitions of citizenship according to Art. 3(d) of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007
1. Acquisitions of citizenship granted to persons having their usual residence in the territory of the Member State
2.Other. Please specify
Acquisitions of citizenship
Persons having their permanent residence in the territory of Romania and having acquired the Romanian citizenship during the reference year on Romanian territory. These persons formerly held the citizenship of another Member State or a third country or having formerly been stateless. Data on usual residence of the persons are not available.
Persons who acquired the Romanian citizenship on the territory of other countries (other than Romania) and did not declare that they have the intention to established usual residence in Romania are excluded.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Data requested in Article 4.1 of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not available.
12.3. Completeness
Data transmitted in Article 4.1 of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Overall accuracy and special cases (Inclusion/exclusion of asylum seekers and refugees, persons living on unauthorised or irregular basis, international students, persons who do not register/deregister,...)
Population
Possible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration and immigration (especially for the returns and EU member states) needed to compute resident population.
Persons who may be illegal, irregular or undocumented migrants and asylum seekers are not included in usual population data.
Only the number of refugees (persons granted international protection) on the basis of “intended stay” from country’s perspective is included in usual population data.
Resident population include the number of people from Ukraina who received temporary protection during the reference year, according to the Guide published by Eurostat (support for statisticians).
Live births
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Deaths
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Immigrants
Possible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on immigration (especially for the returns and EU member states)
Persons who may be illegal, irregular or undocumented migrants and asylum seekers are not included in migration data.
Only the number of refugees (persons granted international protection) on the basis of “intended stay” from country’s perspective is included in migration data.
Behind category “unknown” in migration statistics are accuracy issue and lack of data in administrative databases. In addition, we cannot cross-tabulate data from mirror statistics. This issue reflects also in population stocks.
Immigration includes the number of people from Ukraina who received temporary protection during the reference year, according to the Guide published by Eurostat (support-for-statisticians).
Emigrants
Possible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration. We used “mirror statistics” to estimate emigration figures.
Behind category “unknown” in migration statistics are accuracy issue and lack of data in administrative databases. In addition, we cannot cross-tabulate data from mirror statistics. This issue reflects also in population stocks.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Possible deviation due to the difficulty of collecting information about acquisitions of Romanian citizenship considering the usual residence criterion.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Infant deaths
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Marriages
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Divorces
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
According to Article 4 (2) of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014, each year Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with data at national and regional level as described in Annex II and related standard reference metadata (in the metadata structure definition defined for the Euro SDMX Metadata Structure) for the reference year within 12 months of the end of the reference year. According to Article 3 (2) of the Commission Regulation (EC) No 862/2007, Statistics on international migration, usually resident population and acquisition of citizenship shall be supplied to the Commission (Eurostat) within 12 months of the end of the reference year.
14.2. Punctuality
Not available.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Extent to which statistics are comparable between geographical areas: NUTS-3.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Comparability - over time
Population
1 January 2003.
Live births
Since 2013, the data is provided using the concept of usual residence.
Deaths
Since 2013, the data is provided using the concept of usual residence.
Immigrants
2008.
Emigrants
2008.
Acquisitions of citizenship
2009.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Since 2015, the data is provided using the concept of usual residence.
Infant deaths
Since 2013, the data is provided using the concept of usual residence.
Marriages
Not available.
Divorces
Not available.
Surface in km2
1996.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
The total usual residence population transmitted by the national statistical offices to Eurostat in the framework of the Usual Residence Population data collection may differ from those available in National Accounts, Labour Force Survey or in the survey on Income and Living Conditions. The difference is given by the population coverage (see metadata specific to each domain).
The differences between Residence Permits Statistics and International Migration Statistics
Data on migration flows are estimated by National Institute for Statistics in accordance with Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007.
Regarding immigrants stocks we used component method to estimate these figures.
According to Article 6 of the mentioned Regulation, data on residence permits (flows and stock) are collected. For this part, General Inspectorate for Immigration is responsible.
The difference stems from the fact that the NIS used the component method to estimate the stock of foreign citizens.
15.4. Coherence - internal
The total usual residence population transmitted by the national statistical offices to Eurostat in the framework of the Usual Residence Population data collection may differ from those available in National Accounts, Labour Force Survey or in the survey on Income and Living Conditions. The difference is given by the population coverage (see metadata specific to each domain).
Not available.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Due to revision policy, usual resident population will be slightly revised with data regarding live births and deaths with late registration of demographic phenomena and resend to Eurostat.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Population data (POPSTAT data collection) sent to Eurostat until 31 December are final.
18.1. Source data
List of data sources
Population
Data sources used:
Vital Statistics;
Migration Statistics.
Live births
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Deaths
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Immigrants
Data on immigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the “mirror statistics” on international migration (the emigrants to Romania declared by other countries representing immigrants for national statistics), data from administrative sources, other national statistical institute websites. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of immigrants’ figures for reference year.
Immigrants include the number of people with Ukrainian citizenship who benefit from temporary protection on January 1, year t, according to the Guide published by Eurostat (support-for-statisticians, Scenario 3).
Emigrants
Data on emigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the “mirror statistics” on international migration (the immigrants from Romania declared by the other Member State representing emigrants on Romanian statistics), econometric model based on small area estimation (SAE) techniques, data from administrative sources,other national statistical institute websites. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of emigrants’ figures for reference year.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Data are obtained from:
The General Directorate for Persons Records (DGEP), body within the Ministry of Administration and Interior.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Administrative data source: National Institute for Public Health.
Late foetal deaths
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Infant deaths
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Marriages
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Divorces
Administrative data sources:
Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities;
Courthouses;
Public notaries.
Surface in km2
Not available.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Vital statistics (live births and deaths, marriages and divorces) – data are collected monthly.
Legally induced abortions – data is collected yearly.
Migration statistics – data are collected twice a year from administrative sources, and immigrants and emigrants are estimated annually.
18.3. Data collection
Vital events (live-births, deaths and marriages) are collected via statistical bulletins filled by the Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Hall while performing the vital record, while divorce statistics are collected by Courthouses and Notaries Public in addition to the Public Community Services.
Statistical bulletins are shipped monthly to the County Statistical Offices (DJS) where they are processed (encoded and inputted) into a database that is transmitted to the National Institute of Statistics of Romania (INS).
An exception is made for legally induced abortions, which are collected as aggregated data from the National Institute for Public Health and disseminated as such.
Vital events are collected monthly by INS through special statistical bulletins for live births and deceased. These statistical bulletins are designed by the National Statistical Institute.
Part of the migrations statistics are obtained from administrative sources, from several bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Data concerns mainly the permanent emigrations, permanent immigrations and part of the temporary immigration, especially for those coming from third countries.
18.4. Data validation
Vital events are validated in two steps: one at local level (DJS) and the second at the central level (INS).
At local (DJS) level the following processing occurs:
encoding the statistical bulletins (text data is encoded in numeric format);
inputting the data within the statistical bulletins in a database;
monthly transmission of the database files to the INS;
collaborating both with INS and the Public Community Services to correct unclear data, inconsistencies and other errors.
At the central (INS) level the following final processing occurs:
received databases are imported in the main database;
checking the data for missing bulletins;
processing the data to identify errors and missing information:
missing data or bulletins not inputted are requested to the Public Community Services via the DJS. If the data is unavailable, it is inputted according to the instructions;
statistical aberrations are verified as above, and if data is accounted for it is kept as such;
inputting errors are corrected after consultation with the Public Community Services;
microdata checking for specific causes of deaths with the Public Health Directorate.
Data processing flow for migration statistics consists in:
at the level of administrative data sources (Ministry of Interior):
Retrieving information from the database;
Sending the files to INS on the agreed format.
at central level (INS):
Validation of individual data using software made by INS;
Logical control on recording level;
Performing the tables with results detailing on various variables (gender, age, county of previous residence, country of citizenship, country of next residence, country of birth);
Data analysis;
Amending the total population with international migration balance with change of residence using software made by INS;
Data preparation for use in the statistical research on the resident population.
Elaboration of data logical control conditions For designing the IT (informatics) solution at questionnaire level were developed logical conditions:
for questionnaire’s data verification;
for verification of the correlations between the variables;
for verification of data integrity.
Logical control conditions at questionnaire level follow: questionnaire’s logical flow tracking and verification, compliance of correlations between variables, verification of framing within the limits of the data for certain variables. By integrity checking conditions it is seek the existence of data for all variables in the questionnaires.
Data on emigrants and immigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the “mirror statistics” on international migration (the immigrants from Romania declared by the other Member State representing emigrants on Romanian statistics and, the opposite, the emigrants to Romania declared by other countries representing immigrants for national statistics), econometric model based on small area estimation (SAE) techniques, data from administrative sources, other national statistical institute websites. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of emigrants and immigrants figures for year 2019.
18.5. Data compilation
Vital events data collected and validated at central level (INS) contain individual records of vital events (live births, deaths, marriages and divorces) during a calendar year, considered by the date of registration.
The data is processed yearly, in April, in the year following the reference year. As vital events could be registered later than the legal interval of 15 days, database records for statistical bulletins filled for those events are appended manually to the database of the reference year; while records of vital events occurring the year before the reference year are deleted (they had been appended to the data of the previous year and already processed).
Once the yearly databases are definitive, containing only records of events that occurred during the reference year, the data is ready for aggregation into tables. Tables aggregated from the yearly database after the yearly processing in April contain semi-final data and the tables aggregated from the yearly database processing in December contain final data.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Data and metadata are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States in the framework of the Unified Demographic Data Collection which is in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 and their implementing regulations.
3.4.1 Statistical concepts and definitions used in the statistics transmitted to Eurostat
1.Usually Resident Population
2. Legal Residence Population
3. Registered Residence Population
4. Other
Population
X
Live births
X
Deaths
X
Immigrants
X
Emigrants
X
Acquisitions of citizenship
X
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
X
Late foetal deaths
X (from 2015)
Usual residence or registred residence (until 2015)
Infant deaths
X
Marriages
X
Divorces
X
3.4.2 Statistical concepts and definitions used in the statistics disseminated in the National Statistical Institute's website
Population
Usually resident population, on 1 January, includes all persons who have their usual residence in Romania for a period of at least 12 months.
The coverage of the resident population represents all persons of Romanian nationality, foreign or stateless who have their usual residence in Romania for a period of at least 12 months.
Theresident population of Romania consists of:
the persons regardless of citizenship having their usual residence in Romania;
the persons of Romanian citizenship who live abroad for less than 12 months (border and seasonal workers, people left for studies, for medical treatment or tourism purposes, etc.);
the persons of foreign citizenship, settled in Romania for a period of at least 12 months (including the staff (and the members of their households) of the European Union institutions and of international civil organizations located in the geographical territory of the country);
the members (including the members of their households) of national armed forces deployed in the rest of the world;
the national diplomatic personnel posted abroad;
the persons of Romanian citizenship (including the members of their households) which are crews members of the fishing vessels, other vessels, aircraft and floating platforms operating partly or entirely outside the economic territory.
Simultaneously, the resident population of Romania does not include:
the persons, regardless of citizenship, located in Romania for less than 12 months (border and seasonal workers, people coming for studies, for medical treatment or for tourism purposes etc.);
the Romanian citizenship persons who have their usual residence abroad for a period longer than 12 months;
the members of the armed forces of a foreign country, deployed in Romania;
the foreign diplomatic personnel posted in Romania.
Live births
Live-birth is a product of conception completely expelled or extracted from its mother's body, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which after such separation shows an evidence of life breath, beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definitive movement of voluntary muscles.
Deaths
Deceased is the person whose final functions definitively ceased after a certain time passed from his birth.
Immigrants
Immigrants are the persons who immigrate to Romania for a period of at least 12 months; immigration means the action by which a person establishes his/her usual residence in the territory of a Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another Member State or a third country.
Included the number of people with Ukrainian citizenship who benefit from temporary protection on January 1, year t, according to the Guidance published by Eurostat.
Emigrants
Emigrants are persons who emigrate abroad for a period of at least 12 months; emigration means the action by which a person who had previously been usually resident in the territory of a Member State, ceases to have his/her usual residence in that Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months;
Acquisitions of citizenship
Persons having their permanent residence in the territory of Romania and having acquired the Romanian citizenship during the reference year on Romanian territory. These persons formerly held the citizenship of another Member State or a third country or having formerly been stateless. The persons who took an oath of citizenship on Romanian territory during the same year are included. Data on usual residence of the persons are not available.
Persons that acquired the Romanian citizenship on the territory of other countries (other than Romania) and did not declare that they have the intention to establish the usual residence in Romania are excluded.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Late foetal death is a product of conception, completely expelled or extracted from its mother body after 28 weeks of pregnancy at least, which after such separation does not show any evidence of life.
Infant deaths
Infant deaths are persons that deceased of age less than 1 year old.
Marriages
Marriage represents the union between a man and a woman, freely consented, concluded according to the legislation.
Divorces
Divorce represents the dissolution of a legally concluded marriage, according to a final decision of Judicial Court, of civil status office or of public notary. Data refer to divorce actions for which marriage dissolution was admitted.
3.4.3 Differences in statistical concepts and definitions between the statistics transmitted to Eurostat and those disseminated in the National Statistics Institute's website
Population
No deviation from definition.
Live births
No deviation from definition.
Deaths
No deviation from definition.
Immigrants
No deviation from definition.
Emigrants
No deviation from definition.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Data on usual residence are not available.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
No deviation from definition.
Infant deaths
No deviation from definition.
Marriages
No deviation from definition.
Divorces
No deviation from definition.
Number of persons.
Statistical population
Population
Population with usual residence within Romania.
Live births
All live births with usual residence within Romania (administrative data source).
Deaths
All deceased with usual residence within Romania (administrative data source).
Immigrants
Immigrants with usual residence within Romania.
Emigrants
Emigrants with usual residence within Romania.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Not available.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
All stillbirths whose mothers have usual residence within Romania (administrative data source).
Infant deaths
All deceased under 1 year old with usual residence within Romania (administrative data source).
Marriages
All marriages that occurred within Romania and all marriages that occurred abroad between Romanian and foreign citizens (administrative data source).
Divorces
All divorces that occurred within Romania and all divorces that occurred abroad between Romanian and foreign citizens (administrative data source).
Population, live births and deaths data are available at national and regional level of geographical detail.
The reference date for population data is the end of the reference period (midnight of 31 December). The reference period for vital and dual events data is the calendar year in which the events occurred. The reference period for migration flow data is the calendar year in which the migration occurred.
Overall accuracy and special cases (Inclusion/exclusion of asylum seekers and refugees, persons living on unauthorised or irregular basis, international students, persons who do not register/deregister,...)
Population
Possible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration and immigration (especially for the returns and EU member states) needed to compute resident population.
Persons who may be illegal, irregular or undocumented migrants and asylum seekers are not included in usual population data.
Only the number of refugees (persons granted international protection) on the basis of “intended stay” from country’s perspective is included in usual population data.
Resident population include the number of people from Ukraina who received temporary protection during the reference year, according to the Guide published by Eurostat (support for statisticians).
Live births
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Deaths
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Immigrants
Possible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on immigration (especially for the returns and EU member states)
Persons who may be illegal, irregular or undocumented migrants and asylum seekers are not included in migration data.
Only the number of refugees (persons granted international protection) on the basis of “intended stay” from country’s perspective is included in migration data.
Behind category “unknown” in migration statistics are accuracy issue and lack of data in administrative databases. In addition, we cannot cross-tabulate data from mirror statistics. This issue reflects also in population stocks.
Immigration includes the number of people from Ukraina who received temporary protection during the reference year, according to the Guide published by Eurostat (support-for-statisticians).
Emigrants
Possible slightly over/under coverage estimation, due to lack of strong sources for exact figures on emigration. We used “mirror statistics” to estimate emigration figures.
Behind category “unknown” in migration statistics are accuracy issue and lack of data in administrative databases. In addition, we cannot cross-tabulate data from mirror statistics. This issue reflects also in population stocks.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Possible deviation due to the difficulty of collecting information about acquisitions of Romanian citizenship considering the usual residence criterion.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Infant deaths
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Marriages
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Divorces
Possible slightly over/under coverage due to late statistical bulletins.
Data is collected at unit (person) level.
Vital events data collected and validated at central level (INS) contain individual records of vital events (live births, deaths, marriages and divorces) during a calendar year, considered by the date of registration.
The data is processed yearly, in April, in the year following the reference year. As vital events could be registered later than the legal interval of 15 days, database records for statistical bulletins filled for those events are appended manually to the database of the reference year; while records of vital events occurring the year before the reference year are deleted (they had been appended to the data of the previous year and already processed).
Once the yearly databases are definitive, containing only records of events that occurred during the reference year, the data is ready for aggregation into tables. Tables aggregated from the yearly database after the yearly processing in April contain semi-final data and the tables aggregated from the yearly database processing in December contain final data.
List of data sources
Population
Data sources used:
Vital Statistics;
Migration Statistics.
Live births
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Deaths
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Immigrants
Data on immigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the “mirror statistics” on international migration (the emigrants to Romania declared by other countries representing immigrants for national statistics), data from administrative sources, other national statistical institute websites. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of immigrants’ figures for reference year.
Immigrants include the number of people with Ukrainian citizenship who benefit from temporary protection on January 1, year t, according to the Guide published by Eurostat (support-for-statisticians, Scenario 3).
Emigrants
Data on emigrants flows were estimated based on multiple data sources, the main ones being: the data provided by national statistical offices of Italy and Spain, the “mirror statistics” on international migration (the immigrants from Romania declared by the other Member State representing emigrants on Romanian statistics), econometric model based on small area estimation (SAE) techniques, data from administrative sources,other national statistical institute websites. It should be noted that mirror statistics are used to evaluate general trend of emigrants’ figures for reference year.
Acquisitions of citizenship
Data are obtained from:
The General Directorate for Persons Records (DGEP), body within the Ministry of Administration and Interior.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Administrative data source: National Institute for Public Health.
Late foetal deaths
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Infant deaths
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Marriages
Administrative data source: Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities.
Divorces
Administrative data sources:
Public Community Services for Persons Records within the City Halls of all localities;
Courthouses;
Public notaries.
Surface in km2
Not available.
Annually.
According to Article 4 (2) of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014, each year Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with data at national and regional level as described in Annex II and related standard reference metadata (in the metadata structure definition defined for the Euro SDMX Metadata Structure) for the reference year within 12 months of the end of the reference year. According to Article 3 (2) of the Commission Regulation (EC) No 862/2007, Statistics on international migration, usually resident population and acquisition of citizenship shall be supplied to the Commission (Eurostat) within 12 months of the end of the reference year.
Extent to which statistics are comparable between geographical areas: NUTS-3.
Comparability - over time
Population
1 January 2003.
Live births
Since 2013, the data is provided using the concept of usual residence.
Deaths
Since 2013, the data is provided using the concept of usual residence.
Immigrants
2008.
Emigrants
2008.
Acquisitions of citizenship
2009.
Loss of citizenship
Not available.
Legally induced abortions
Not available.
Late foetal deaths
Since 2015, the data is provided using the concept of usual residence.
Infant deaths
Since 2013, the data is provided using the concept of usual residence.
