Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Devlet Mah. Necatibey Cd. No:114 Çankaya/Ankara/Turkey
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
30 April 2026
2.2. Metadata last posted
30 April 2026
2.3. Metadata last update
30 April 2026
3.1. Data description
The annual Business Demography data collection covers variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The methodology allows for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved (enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not considered).
A summary of the available indicators is listed below. The data is available at EU, country and regional level, with breakdowns for type of activity, legal form and size class.
For the population of active enterprises:
Number of active enterprises
Number of enterprise births
Number of enterprise survivals up to five years
Number of enterprise deaths
Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For the population of active employer enterprises:
Number of enterprises having at least one employee
Number of enterprises having the first employee
Number of enterprises having no employees anymore
Number of enterprise survivals up to five years
Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For high-growth enterprises, the following indicators are available at EU and country level:
Number of high-growth enterprises (growth by 10% or more)
Number of employees of high-growth enterprises
Number of young high-growth enterprises (up to five years old high-growth enterprises)
Number of employees of young high-growth enterprise
3.2. Classification system
From 2008 onwards NACE Rev.2 classification (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community) is used for all indicators.
Starting with reference year 2021, BD data cover the economic activities of market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96. The total economy is presented as Industry, construction and services (code BTSXO_S94).
For the reference years 2008-2020, data for the Sections P, Q, R and S were provided on a voluntary basis and K64.2 was not covered.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
BD constitutes an important and integrated part of the EU Regulation 2019/2152 on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation).
3.5. Statistical unit
Enterprise
3.6. Statistical population
The target population is the private sector economy, including all active enterprises.
In terms of Institutional Sector Classification S.13 and S.15 are not included in the active population of enterprises for a reference year.
In terms of Nace Classification sector B to S for a reference year.
3.7. Reference area
Türkiye
3.8. Coverage - Time
As a remark, turnover and employee figures are not available before 2009, therefore the BD data can not be sent for previous years of 2009.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The number of active, birth, death and survival enterprises, as well as high-growth enterprises is expressed in units.
The number of employees is counted as head counts and is expressed in units.
The number of persons employed is the sum of number of employees and self-employed persons.
The number of self-employed persons is the average number of persons who were at some time during the reference period the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work, measured in annual average headcounts, expressed in units.
Derived indicators are expressed in units or percentages
2023
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Starting with reference year 2021, two new regulations form the legal basis of BD statistics:
Before reference year 2021, EU Regulation 2008/295 on structural business statistics, Annex IX, was providing a legal basis for the BD data collection. The Commission implementing EU Regulation 2014/439 ensured data collection on employer enterprises (with at least one employee), high-growth enterprises (more than 10% annual growth over three years) and their employment.
Up to reference year 2006 data have been collected under gentlemen's agreement within the context of the development of Structural Business Statistics.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
[Not applicable]
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
What is the national legislation describing the statistical confidentiality?
Number of enterprises figure is not confidential according to Turkish Statistical Law. However, the number of enterprises by size class is exposed to the confidentiality rules. Besides, number of employee and number of persons employed figures are confidential. Related to this, confidentiality rules are applied.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
3 is the threshold for the number of enterprises below which the related employment variables are confidential
7.2.1. Confidentiality rules (primary and secondary)
Data treatment
Remarks
Confidentiality rules applied
yes
Threshold of number of enterprises (Number)
3
Number of enterprises non confidential, if number of employments is confidential
yes
Dominance criteria applied
no
If dominance criteria is applied, specify the threshold (in %) and the method of applying the dominance rules
not applicable
Secondary confidentiality applied
yes
If secondary confidentiality is applied, explain the rules and the methods used
When a secondary confidentiality is applied, we flag any value which can disclose the aggregates. So that a complete confidentiality pattern is provided. When a secondary confidentiality is applied, we flag the minimum value under the aggragates.
7.2.2. Measures taken to reduce the number of confidential cells
Data treatment
Remarks
Measures taken to reduce the number of confidential cells
yes
If measures have been taken, describe them briefly
If there are two minimums in an aggregate, just one of them is flagged as long as it does not lead to a disclosure.
Impact of these measures
very good
8.1. Release calendar
December 2024
8.2. Release calendar access
There is a press release named "Entrepreneurship and Business Demography Bulletin" and calendar is scheduled and informed to all public authorities.
8.3. Release policy - user access
Anybody who has special data requests can have authorization to the data at micro level by visiting Data Research Center in the TurkStat buildings. This allows them to be able to generate different indicators according to their own approach. Researchers can publish their results according to the confidentiality rules of TurkStat.
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Online bulletin. December of every year for the referance year
TURKSTAT adopts quality criterias mentioned in code of practice.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
No principle quality problems in Turkish BD in terms of quality aspects; Relevance, Accuracy,Timeliness and Punctuality, Coherence and Comparability
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Internal user is SBS department for Small and Medium Scaled Enterprises Statistics.
External user are instutitions, academic researchers.
Nace section A also included and figures on enterprises born in manufacturing sector according to technology level are given differently from the datasets transmitted to Eurostat because of the requests of internal users.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
No user satisfaction survey
12.3. Completeness
EBSBDS_REG_A and EBSBDS_PHG_A dataflows are not sent to Eurostat.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
86%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Not requested.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Smaller than 0.1% for both overcoveage and undercoverage
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not requested.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not requested.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable.
13.3.3. Non response error
Not applicable.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.4. Processing error
No processing error.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not requested.
14.1. Timeliness
SBR is updated daily and an annual frame is frozen after all tax declerations are completed. BD populations are produced just after the SBS and SBR frames are frozen.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not requested.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not requested.
14.2. Punctuality
Death indicators are submitted with a delay of two years. Deadline for EBSBDS_ALL_A and EBSBDS_FHG_A is 30 June 2025 and deadline for EBSBDS_EMP_A is 31 August 2025.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Not requested.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Not requested.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
First reference year available (calendar year): From 2009
Breaks in time series and reasons for the breaks: No breaks because TURKSTAT revised BD data for the ref years 2009-2023 for the use of investment variable in detection of active enterprises.
Outliers in time series: No outliers.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
All years are comperable because there are no breaks in series.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
There is no coherence problem between BD and SBS figures on employent and enterprises, because the same population is used for both BD and SBS from 2009 onwards.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not requested.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Not requested.
Not requested.
17.1. Data revision - policy
There is no regular data revision policy.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Accordig to revisions applied in SBS, BD data is revised to be coherent with SBS.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Below 1% in average for enterprise population.
18.1. Source data
Type of data source: Administrative data
Coverage of SBR (Statistical Business Register): Excluding public administration and defense; compulsory social security sector, Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods-and services-producing activities of households for own use, Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies; BR covers whole sector, all legal forms and geographically whole Turkey according to NACE Rev. 2 classification.
Matching, profiling or imputation: The continuity rules are applied for realizing the demography of units. However, matching steps are not applied when birth, death and survival populations are calculated. While calculating the number of persons employed, an imputation procedure is applied according to the legal forms.
18.1.1. Concepts and sources
Imputations are done only for unpaid emploment in SBR/SBS and nothing done extra for BD.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annually
18.3. Data collection
Direct access to an administrative data base by daily web services
18.3.1. Data matching
Data matching process and tools: There is no common identifier problem in source data coming from different administrative bodies. Thus, we don't use matching tools and techniques.
Matching: The main activity of enterprises in BR is assigned according to Topdown approach. Whatever the topdown results in, it is accepted as the main activity code. Moving in or out of scope through the years is not treated with any special check.
18.3.2. Manual checks
There is no manual check in this process.
18.4. Data validation
Before sending to Eurostat, the following checks are performed: hierarchical, inter-variable plausibility, confidentiality and completeness.
18.5. Data compilation
No estimation in BD compilation. Only imputation is applied for unpaid employees in SBR.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not requested.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
No comments.
The annual Business Demography data collection covers variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The methodology allows for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved (enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not considered).
A summary of the available indicators is listed below. The data is available at EU, country and regional level, with breakdowns for type of activity, legal form and size class.
For the population of active enterprises:
Number of active enterprises
Number of enterprise births
Number of enterprise survivals up to five years
Number of enterprise deaths
Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For the population of active employer enterprises:
Number of enterprises having at least one employee
Number of enterprises having the first employee
Number of enterprises having no employees anymore
Number of enterprise survivals up to five years
Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For high-growth enterprises, the following indicators are available at EU and country level:
Number of high-growth enterprises (growth by 10% or more)
Number of employees of high-growth enterprises
Number of young high-growth enterprises (up to five years old high-growth enterprises)
Number of employees of young high-growth enterprise
30 April 2026
BD constitutes an important and integrated part of the EU Regulation 2019/2152 on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation).
Enterprise
The target population is the private sector economy, including all active enterprises.
In terms of Institutional Sector Classification S.13 and S.15 are not included in the active population of enterprises for a reference year.
In terms of Nace Classification sector B to S for a reference year.
Türkiye
2023
Not requested.
The number of active, birth, death and survival enterprises, as well as high-growth enterprises is expressed in units.
The number of employees is counted as head counts and is expressed in units.
The number of persons employed is the sum of number of employees and self-employed persons.
The number of self-employed persons is the average number of persons who were at some time during the reference period the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work, measured in annual average headcounts, expressed in units.
Derived indicators are expressed in units or percentages
No estimation in BD compilation. Only imputation is applied for unpaid employees in SBR.
Type of data source: Administrative data
Coverage of SBR (Statistical Business Register): Excluding public administration and defense; compulsory social security sector, Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods-and services-producing activities of households for own use, Activities of extra-territorial organisations and bodies; BR covers whole sector, all legal forms and geographically whole Turkey according to NACE Rev. 2 classification.
Matching, profiling or imputation: The continuity rules are applied for realizing the demography of units. However, matching steps are not applied when birth, death and survival populations are calculated. While calculating the number of persons employed, an imputation procedure is applied according to the legal forms.
Annual
SBR is updated daily and an annual frame is frozen after all tax declerations are completed. BD populations are produced just after the SBS and SBR frames are frozen.
Not requested.
First reference year available (calendar year): From 2009
Breaks in time series and reasons for the breaks: No breaks because TURKSTAT revised BD data for the ref years 2009-2023 for the use of investment variable in detection of active enterprises.
