Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Directorate of General Methodology, Registers and Coordination of National Statistical System, Department of Registers and Classification, Unit of Registers Methodology
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic
Lamačská cesta 3/C
840 05 Bratislava
Slovak Republic
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
20 February 2024
2.2. Metadata last posted
20 February 2024
2.3. Metadata last update
20 February 2024
3.1. Data description
The annual Business demography data collection covers variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The methodology allows for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved (enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not considered).
A summary of the available indicators is listed below. The data is available at EU, country and regional level, with breakdowns for type of activity, legal form and size class.
For the population of active enterprises: • Number of active enterprises • Number of enterprise births • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Number of enterprise deaths • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For the population of active employer enterprises: • Number of enterprises having at least one employee • Number of enterprises having the first employee • Number of enterprises having no employees anymore • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For high-growth enterprises, the following indicators are available at EU and country level: • Number of high-growth enterprises (growth by 10% or more) • Number of employees of high-growth enterprises • Number of young high-growth enterprises (up to five years old high-growth enterprises) • Number of employees of young high-growth enterprise
More information on the contents of different tables: the detail level and breakdowns required starting with the reference year 2021 is defined in Commission Regulation 2019/2152 (‘EBS Regulation’) and Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 (‘EBS General Implementing Act’) concerning European Business Statistics.
3.2. Classification system
From 2008 onwards NACE Rev.2 classification (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community) is used for all indicators.
Starting with reference year 2021, BD data cover the economic activities of market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96. The total economy is presented as Industry, construction and services (code BTSXO_S94).
For the reference years 2008-2020, data for the Sections P, Q, R and S were provided on a voluntary basis and K64.2 was not covered.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The term business demography is used here to cover a group of variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The creation of new enterprises and the closure of unproductive businesses can be seen as an important contributor to business dynamism. In addition to studying the population of active enterprises, the counts and characteristics of enterprise births and deaths are examined. Special attention is paid to the impact of these demographic events on employment. In order to provide information on the impact of enterprise births, their development will be followed for five years in order to see how they survive and grow.
A methodology has been developed for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved. In other words, enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not included in this data. The methodology of enterprise birth and death is described in the Eurostat-OECD Manual on Business Demography Statistics . The methodology and definitions are based on those of the Business Registers Recommendations Manual and Glossary, because the Business Registers serve as the sources for the Business Demography data. However recent updates of the BD requirements and definition are not included in that manual and have to be checked in the latest legal acts.
The harmonised data collection (started in 2002) aimed to provide comparable data on business demography for European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members. In particular it aims to satisfy the anticipated requirements for the indicators used for supporting the Europe 2020 strategy. It also provided key data for the joint OECD-Eurostat "Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme". With the reference year 2021 BD collection continues with new additional requirements as a part of the Commission Regulation 2019/2152 on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation).
The definitions of the concepts of births, deaths, survivals and activity are as followed:
Enterprise
The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organisational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.
Enterprise Birth
A birth amounts to the creation of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Births do not include entries into the population due to mergers, break-ups, split-off or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include entries into a sub-population resulting only from a change of activity. A birth occurs when an enterprise starts from scratch and actually starts activity. An enterprise creation can be considered an enterprise birth if new production factors, in particular new jobs, are created. If a dormant unit is reactivated within two years, this event is not considered a birth.
Employer Enterprise Birth
Birth of an enterprise with at least one employee. This population consists of enterprise births that have at least one employee any time in the birth year and of enterprises that existed before the year in consideration, but were below the threshold of one employee. In other words, "employer enterprise births" comprise all "enterprise births" of a given year minus the non-employer births of the same year plus former non-employer enterprises that have become employers in the given year. Therefore the dataset on "employer business demography" does not have any size class "0 employees" but usually has higher number of "employer births" particularly in size class "up to 4 employees". As employer enterprise with one employee might be created later in the year, rounded annual average might be 0, however enterprise still belong to employee size class 1 to 4 employees.
Enterprise Death
A death amounts to the dissolution of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Deaths do not include exits from the population due to mergers, take-overs, break-ups or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include exits from a sub-population resulting only from a change of activity. An enterprise is included in the count of deaths only if it is not reactivated within two years. Equally, a reactivation within two years is not counted as a birth. For the reference year t normally only preliminary death data are available as it is not yet known if enterprise will be reactivated in t+2 or not.
Employer enterprise death
An employer enterprise death occurs either as an enterprise death with at least one employee in the year of death or as an exit by decline, moving below the threshold of one employee. This is the opposite event to the employer enterprise birth. "Employer enterprise deaths" comprise all "enterprise deaths" of a given year minus the non-employer deaths of the same year plus former employer enterprises that have become non-employers in the given year. Therefore the dataset on "employer business demography" usually has higher number of "employer deaths" particularly in size class "up to 4 employees" than the complete dataset covering also non-employers in size class "0 employees".
Survival
In the Business Demography context, survival occurs if an enterprise is active in terms of employment and/or turnover and/or investment in the year of birth and the following year(s). Two types of survival can be distinguished:
An enterprise born in year xx is considered to have survived in year xx+1 if it is active in terms of turnover and/or employment and/or investment in any part of year xx+1 (= survival without changes).
An enterprise is also considered to have survived if the linked legal unit(s) have ceased to be active, but their activity has been taken over by a new legal unit set up specifically to take over the factors of production of that enterprise (= survival by take-over).
Survival data are recorded in the same activity and the same employee size class as in the year of birth. A change of activity within 5 years is not so frequent, but often there is observed an increase in the number of employees in survival enterprises, however for survival data breakdown is used the same employee size class as in the year of birth. It means that survival data by employee size class are not really comparable with active enterprises by employee size class in the same reference period.
Activity
Within the Business Demography context, activity is defined as any turnover and/or employment and/or investment in the period from 1st January to 31st December in a given year. This definition complements the concept of activity in the Business Registers glossary. In 'employer business demography' an enterprise is considered active as long as it has at least one employee at any moment of year.
High-Growth Enterprises and young High-Growth Enterprises (Gazelles) (growth can be measured by the number of employees - classical definition - or by turnover)
Commission implementing EU Regulation 2014/439 set the definition and compulsory collection of high-growth enterprises with at least 10 employees in the beginning of their growth and having average annualised growth in number of employees greater than 10% per annum, over a three year period. The new EBS Regulation (Commission Regulation 2019/2152) and its implementing act (Regulation (EU) 2020/1197) continue this requirement.
An additional requirement is to provide the young high-growth enterprises that are up to five years old (Gazelles) with average annualised growth of employees greater than 10% per annum, over a three year period. As growth over three years period is observed, the real age of young enterprises is five and four years.
Data on high-growth by turnover are provided on voluntary basis.
The target population is the private sector of economy, including all active enterprises. In the additional datasets on employer business demography, the threshold is set to one employee at any time of the reference period. The following thresholds are used:
1 employee - population of employer enterprises,
10 employees in the beginning of the growth - population of high-growth enteprises and "gazelles" (10%).
3.7. Reference area
The reference area is territory of the Slovakia.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Length of time series 2000-2021
From the reference year 2021, BD data are available following new requirements, however they are comparable (if not break in series mentioned) with previous years.
For the period 2004 - 2020 BD data available in NACE Rev.2.
For the period 2000 - 2023 BD data available in NACE Rev.1.
3.9. Base period
[Not aplicable]
• The number of active, birth, death and survival enterprises, as well as high-growth enterprises is expressed in units. • The number of employees is counted as head counts and is expressed in units. • The number of persons employed is the sum of number of employees and self-employed persons. • The number of self-employed persons is the average number of persons who were at some time during the reference period the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work, measured in annual average headcounts, expressed in units. • Derived indicators are expressed in units or percentages
2021
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Starting with reference year 2021, two new regulations form the legal basis of BD statistics: • Commission Regulation 2019/2152 on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation) • EU Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 on technical specifications and arrangements (General Implementing Act) pursuant to Commission Regulation 2019/2152.
Before reference year 2021, EU Regulation 2008/295 on structural business statistics, Annex IX, was providing a legal basis for the BD data collection. The Commission implementing EU Regulation 2014/439 ensured data collection on employer enterprises (with at least one employee), high-growth enterprises (more than 10% annual growth over three years) and their employment.
Up to reference year 2006 data have been collected under gentlemen's agreement within the context of the development of Structural Business Statistics.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
[Not aplicable]
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Statistical confidentiality is defined in directive SME 10/2023 and in the methodological instruction MET-7/2023.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidentiality - if data are of truly confidential nature according to the above mentioned regulation in section 7.1, they have to be flagged confidential, and they will not be published.
7.2.1. Confidentiality rules (primary and secondary)
Data treatment
Remarks
Confidentiality rules applied
yes
Threshold of number of enterprises (Number)
3
The confidentiality treshold is fewer than 3 enterprises.
Number of enterprises non confidential, if number of employments is confidential
yes
Dominance criteria applied
yes
If dominance criteria is applied, specify the threshold (in %) and the method of applying the dominance rules
If one enteprise dominate more than 90% of threshold, we use confidentiality flags for number of employment.
Secondary confidentiality applied
yes
If secondary confidentiality is applied, explain the rules and the methods used
Secondary confidentiality is applied manualy across kategories as NACE, legal forms or size class.
7.2.2. Measures taken to reduce the number of confidential cells
Remarks
Measures taken to reduce the number of confidential cells
no
If measures have been taken, describe them briefly
Impact of these measures
not applicable
8.1. Release calendar
The data on Business Demography are published at the end of October (t+22 months) in a national public database (datacube.statistics.sk), Item - 3.1 - Business statistics.
Eurostat publishes BD data by the following calendar:
T + 13 months: Eurostat publishes preliminary data on high-growth enterprises
T + 22 months: Eurostat publishes validated detailed country level data
T + 24 months: Eurostat publishes validated regional level data
8.2. Release calendar access
no
8.3. Release policy - user access
Everyone with a specific request can have access to data that are not published.
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
No news release for the BD data nationally
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
No pubications for the BD data nationally
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
BD data are published in the online data base nationally
The SOSR high level statements highlight customer orientation and quality of the SOSR products and services; this is then reflected in the development strategy of the SOSR for the given period of time in: Vision, mission, common shared values.
The Quality manual describes the documented procedures of the quality system that are used for implementation and continuous improvement of the quality management system in SOSR. Quality policy is based on the mission of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic: to provide high quality and objective statistical products and services by keeping confidentiality of statistical data and by minimising burden on interested parties using effectively existing resources with the aim to support improvement of the information and intellectual capital of our customers. Quality policy is defined and made available to the public in documents:
Nationally Published BD data differs from those sent to Eurostat as there is different Nace breakdown.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
No consultations organised with the main users
12.3. Completeness
All required BD data are transmitted to Eurostat
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
[Not requested]
13.2. Sampling error
[Not applicable]
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
[Not applicable]
13.3. Non-sampling error
[Not applicable]
13.3.1. Coverage error
[Not requested]
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
[Not requested]
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
[Not requested]
13.3.2. Measurement error
[Not applicable]
13.3.3. Non response error
[Not applicable]
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
[Not applicable]
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
[Not applicable]
13.3.4. Processing error
Proportion of enterprises wrongly designated active and non-active is 0.06%
The proportion of false matches and false non-matches 0.14%
13.3.5. Model assumption error
[Not requested]
14.1. Timeliness
Data sources are not subject to any time lags which might affect the data quality.
Data generally should be published within 2 calendar years of the end of the reference year.
In the case of indicators on enterprise deaths, a two year lag is foreseen in the methodology in order to confirm whether a presumed death is in fact reactivated. For this reason information on final deaths is generally available later than the stock of enterprises and enterprise births.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
[Not requested]
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
[Not requested]
14.2. Punctuality
Commission Regulation 2019/2152 on European business statistics (EBS) and its implementing act, Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 require the EEA countries to send annual data within the following months after the end of the reference year:
T + 12 months: preliminary high-growth enterprises
T + 18 months: active, birth and survival enterprises; preliminary death enterprises; final high-growth enterprises
T + 20 month: active, birth and survival employer enterprises; preliminary death employer enterprises
T + 22 months: regional level data
T+30 months: final death enterprises
T+32 months: final death employer enterprises
T+34 months: final regional death enterprises
BD data are sent on time followign the Requirements in Regulation.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
[Not requested]
15.1. Comparability - geographical
[Not requested]
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
[Not applicable]
15.2. Comparability - over time
a) First reference year available (calendar year): 2000
b) Breaks in time series and reasons for the breaks: No breaks in time series.
c) Outliers in time series: No outliers in time series.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
2000-2021
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Coherence is high for number of enterprises, number of employees and self-employed (persons employed), number of employees between Structural Business Statistics and Business Demography.
Difference between SBS and BD for total economy in number of entperises 0.02; number of persons employed 0.14; number of employees: 0.11
In Business Register lso non-market oriented enterprises are marked as economically active, which is the major difference with BD and SBS, where data are provided only for market-oriented enterprises.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
[Not applicable]
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
[Not requested]
15.4. Coherence - internal
[Not requested]
[Not requested]
17.1. Data revision - policy
Preliminary deaths, which are compiled on the basic of data T+1 reference year, are revised when data from T+2 reference year are available.
By definition final enteprise death data are transmitted one year later, then preliminary data are revised.
17.2. Data revision - practice
For the reference year t normally only preliminary death data are available as it is not yet known if enterprise will be reactivated in t+2 or not.
To confirm whether a presumed death is in fact reactivated information on final deaths is generally available later than the stock of enterprises and enterprise births.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not aplicable.
18.1. Source data
a) Type of data source: The Single Public Register administered accoring the law, the Register of Tax Payers and the Social Security Register.
b) Coverage of SBR (Statistical Business Register): Statistical business register covers birth and death dates of all enterprises. These dates are officially assigned and recognized by ministries and state institutions according to the relevant legal acts and by the creation of relationships between legal units belonging to the Enterprise. However, some small enteprises owned by natural persons sometimes operate their enterprise without any valid license. These cases can be specified using administrative data.
c) Matching, profiling or imputation: No matching, profiling or imputation is carried out within the register.
18.1.1. Concepts and sources
In the business register every enterprise is identified by unique ID number and also Legal units forming the enterprise are defined by unique ID number that is also a basic tool for data matching with units recorded in administrative sources. Legal unit ID number is obligatory used in all administrative registers (tax, social security,...). Apart from enterprise ID number every record in the business register includes also ID number of ancestor and successor in case of takeover, merging or splitting and PIN of enterprise owner.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual.
18.3. Data collection
Data from the administrative sources are collected on the basic of agreements between SO SR and the other institues responsible for the administrative sources.
The data from administrative sources is stored in a common protected storage, where only authorized persons have access based on the agreement.
18.3.1. Data matching
a) Data matching process and tools: In the business register every enterprise is identified by unique ID number and also Legal units forming the enterprise are definied by unique ID number that is also a basic tool for data matching with units recorded in administrative sources. Legal unit ID number is obligatory used in all small registers (tax, social security,..). Apart from the enterprise ID number, every record in the business register includes also ID number of ancestor and successor in case of takeover, merging or splitting and PIN of enterprise owner.
b) Matching:
Within the data matching process enterprise ID and owner PIN were fully used.
Through PIN numbers of active population checking and elimination of multiple enterprise registrations were performed.
New births were checked and eliminated by linking ID numbers of ancestors of newly created enterprises with ID numbers of active enterprises.
Death population was checked and eliminated through ID numbers of successors of closed enterprises with ID numbers of active enterprises.
Every enterprise with 20 and more employees included in new births or death population was then checked manually. Recommended pair-wise matching (name and location) was used in the case of incorrect enterprise ID obtained from administrative source.
In the case of incorrect enterprise ID obtained from administrative source also tax number for data matching was used. Units moving in the scope were included into the population of active enterprises but no into the population of new births and units moving of the scope were excluded from the population of active enterprises but they were not considered like death enterprises. We detected 196 enterprises that moved in the scope and 606 enterprises that moved out of scope.
From 2018 population of deaths 2603 units were reactivated and again included into the active population 2021 – births in 2021.
18.3.2. Manual checks
Every enterprise with 20 and more employees included in new births or death population was checked manually. Recommended pair-wise matching (name and location) was used in the case of incorrect enterprise ID obtained from administrative source.
For reference year 2021 - 48 deaths and 37 births were investigated manually. 100% was confimed as real deaths and births.
70,83% of real large deaths and 94,59% of real large births were covered by limited liability companies.
18.4. Data validation
Before sending to Eurostat, the following checks are performed: hierarchical, inter-variable plausibility, confidential and completeness.
In addition all to Eurostat transmitted BD data undergo autmatic validation what is integrated in the data transmission tool.
The annual Business demography data collection covers variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The methodology allows for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved (enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not considered).
A summary of the available indicators is listed below. The data is available at EU, country and regional level, with breakdowns for type of activity, legal form and size class.
For the population of active enterprises: • Number of active enterprises • Number of enterprise births • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Number of enterprise deaths • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For the population of active employer enterprises: • Number of enterprises having at least one employee • Number of enterprises having the first employee • Number of enterprises having no employees anymore • Number of enterprise survivals up to five years • Related variables on employment: 'employees' and 'persons employed' (employees and self-employed persons)
For high-growth enterprises, the following indicators are available at EU and country level: • Number of high-growth enterprises (growth by 10% or more) • Number of employees of high-growth enterprises • Number of young high-growth enterprises (up to five years old high-growth enterprises) • Number of employees of young high-growth enterprise
More information on the contents of different tables: the detail level and breakdowns required starting with the reference year 2021 is defined in Commission Regulation 2019/2152 (‘EBS Regulation’) and Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 (‘EBS General Implementing Act’) concerning European Business Statistics.
20 February 2024
The term business demography is used here to cover a group of variables which explain the characteristics and demography of the business population. The creation of new enterprises and the closure of unproductive businesses can be seen as an important contributor to business dynamism. In addition to studying the population of active enterprises, the counts and characteristics of enterprise births and deaths are examined. Special attention is paid to the impact of these demographic events on employment. In order to provide information on the impact of enterprise births, their development will be followed for five years in order to see how they survive and grow.
A methodology has been developed for the production of data on enterprise births (and deaths), that is, enterprise creations (cessations) that amount to the creation (dissolution) of a combination of production factors and where no other enterprises are involved. In other words, enterprises created or closed solely as a result of e.g. restructuring, merger or break-up are not included in this data. The methodology of enterprise birth and death is described in the Eurostat-OECD Manual on Business Demography Statistics . The methodology and definitions are based on those of the Business Registers Recommendations Manual and Glossary, because the Business Registers serve as the sources for the Business Demography data. However recent updates of the BD requirements and definition are not included in that manual and have to be checked in the latest legal acts.
The harmonised data collection (started in 2002) aimed to provide comparable data on business demography for European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members. In particular it aims to satisfy the anticipated requirements for the indicators used for supporting the Europe 2020 strategy. It also provided key data for the joint OECD-Eurostat "Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme". With the reference year 2021 BD collection continues with new additional requirements as a part of the Commission Regulation 2019/2152 on European Business Statistics (EBS Regulation).
The definitions of the concepts of births, deaths, survivals and activity are as followed:
Enterprise
The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organisational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.
Enterprise Birth
A birth amounts to the creation of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Births do not include entries into the population due to mergers, break-ups, split-off or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include entries into a sub-population resulting only from a change of activity. A birth occurs when an enterprise starts from scratch and actually starts activity. An enterprise creation can be considered an enterprise birth if new production factors, in particular new jobs, are created. If a dormant unit is reactivated within two years, this event is not considered a birth.
Employer Enterprise Birth
Birth of an enterprise with at least one employee. This population consists of enterprise births that have at least one employee any time in the birth year and of enterprises that existed before the year in consideration, but were below the threshold of one employee. In other words, "employer enterprise births" comprise all "enterprise births" of a given year minus the non-employer births of the same year plus former non-employer enterprises that have become employers in the given year. Therefore the dataset on "employer business demography" does not have any size class "0 employees" but usually has higher number of "employer births" particularly in size class "up to 4 employees". As employer enterprise with one employee might be created later in the year, rounded annual average might be 0, however enterprise still belong to employee size class 1 to 4 employees.
Enterprise Death
A death amounts to the dissolution of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Deaths do not include exits from the population due to mergers, take-overs, break-ups or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include exits from a sub-population resulting only from a change of activity. An enterprise is included in the count of deaths only if it is not reactivated within two years. Equally, a reactivation within two years is not counted as a birth. For the reference year t normally only preliminary death data are available as it is not yet known if enterprise will be reactivated in t+2 or not.
Employer enterprise death
An employer enterprise death occurs either as an enterprise death with at least one employee in the year of death or as an exit by decline, moving below the threshold of one employee. This is the opposite event to the employer enterprise birth. "Employer enterprise deaths" comprise all "enterprise deaths" of a given year minus the non-employer deaths of the same year plus former employer enterprises that have become non-employers in the given year. Therefore the dataset on "employer business demography" usually has higher number of "employer deaths" particularly in size class "up to 4 employees" than the complete dataset covering also non-employers in size class "0 employees".
Survival
In the Business Demography context, survival occurs if an enterprise is active in terms of employment and/or turnover and/or investment in the year of birth and the following year(s). Two types of survival can be distinguished:
An enterprise born in year xx is considered to have survived in year xx+1 if it is active in terms of turnover and/or employment and/or investment in any part of year xx+1 (= survival without changes).
An enterprise is also considered to have survived if the linked legal unit(s) have ceased to be active, but their activity has been taken over by a new legal unit set up specifically to take over the factors of production of that enterprise (= survival by take-over).
Survival data are recorded in the same activity and the same employee size class as in the year of birth. A change of activity within 5 years is not so frequent, but often there is observed an increase in the number of employees in survival enterprises, however for survival data breakdown is used the same employee size class as in the year of birth. It means that survival data by employee size class are not really comparable with active enterprises by employee size class in the same reference period.
Activity
Within the Business Demography context, activity is defined as any turnover and/or employment and/or investment in the period from 1st January to 31st December in a given year. This definition complements the concept of activity in the Business Registers glossary. In 'employer business demography' an enterprise is considered active as long as it has at least one employee at any moment of year.
High-Growth Enterprises and young High-Growth Enterprises (Gazelles) (growth can be measured by the number of employees - classical definition - or by turnover)
Commission implementing EU Regulation 2014/439 set the definition and compulsory collection of high-growth enterprises with at least 10 employees in the beginning of their growth and having average annualised growth in number of employees greater than 10% per annum, over a three year period. The new EBS Regulation (Commission Regulation 2019/2152) and its implementing act (Regulation (EU) 2020/1197) continue this requirement.
An additional requirement is to provide the young high-growth enterprises that are up to five years old (Gazelles) with average annualised growth of employees greater than 10% per annum, over a three year period. As growth over three years period is observed, the real age of young enterprises is five and four years.
Data on high-growth by turnover are provided on voluntary basis.
The target population is the private sector of economy, including all active enterprises. In the additional datasets on employer business demography, the threshold is set to one employee at any time of the reference period. The following thresholds are used:
1 employee - population of employer enterprises,
10 employees in the beginning of the growth - population of high-growth enteprises and "gazelles" (10%).
The reference area is territory of the Slovakia.
2021
[Not requested]
• The number of active, birth, death and survival enterprises, as well as high-growth enterprises is expressed in units. • The number of employees is counted as head counts and is expressed in units. • The number of persons employed is the sum of number of employees and self-employed persons. • The number of self-employed persons is the average number of persons who were at some time during the reference period the sole owners or joint owners of the statistical unit in which they work, measured in annual average headcounts, expressed in units. • Derived indicators are expressed in units or percentages
Not aplicable.
a) Type of data source: The Single Public Register administered accoring the law, the Register of Tax Payers and the Social Security Register.
b) Coverage of SBR (Statistical Business Register): Statistical business register covers birth and death dates of all enterprises. These dates are officially assigned and recognized by ministries and state institutions according to the relevant legal acts and by the creation of relationships between legal units belonging to the Enterprise. However, some small enteprises owned by natural persons sometimes operate their enterprise without any valid license. These cases can be specified using administrative data.
c) Matching, profiling or imputation: No matching, profiling or imputation is carried out within the register.
Annual
Data sources are not subject to any time lags which might affect the data quality.
Data generally should be published within 2 calendar years of the end of the reference year.
In the case of indicators on enterprise deaths, a two year lag is foreseen in the methodology in order to confirm whether a presumed death is in fact reactivated. For this reason information on final deaths is generally available later than the stock of enterprises and enterprise births.
[Not requested]
a) First reference year available (calendar year): 2000
b) Breaks in time series and reasons for the breaks: No breaks in time series.
c) Outliers in time series: No outliers in time series.
