EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Sources used for data on enrolments
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 the Census is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on entrants
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 the Census is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on personnel
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. Additionally, For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3, administrative data from the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth is used.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on enrolments at regional level
Not applicable

Sources used for data on foreign languages learning
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 the Census is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on graduates
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 the Census is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on education expenditure
Public expenditure (a)	Government Budget	Administrative data	CYSTAT
Public expenditure (b)	Other sources	Other administrative and survey data that are necessary for the correct allocation of public expenditure to the different ISCED levels and the different categories of expenditure.	CYSTAT
Private expenditure to private institutions	Services survey	Survey carried out every year to private educational institutions.	CYSTAT
Other household expenditure	HBS	Survey carried out every 5 years to households.	CYSTAT
Expenditure of non profit organisations	Parents associations' expenditure Survey for the scholarships offered by private bodies	Survey carried out every year to parents’ associations. Survey carried out every year to private bodies that offer scholarships to students.	CYSTAT

Weighting methods
Not applicable	Not applicable	ISCED 2 and 3 students: FTE=Full Time + 0,75Part Time
Not applicable	Not applicable	ISCED 5-8 students: FTE=Full Time + 0,5 Part Time
Not applicable	Not applicable	Teaching Personnel: ISCED 01 and 02: FTE=Full Time+(teaching periods of Part Time/Normal teaching periods of a Full Time teacher) ISCED 1,2,3: FTE=(Teaching periods of Full-Time and Part-Time teachers)/Normal teaching periods of a Full Time teacher

Estimations methods used in the UOE questionnaires
Personnel data	Teaching personnel at ISCED levels 2 and 3-general	ISCED 2 & 3	2000 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Annual survey on education	Breakdown of teaching personnel at ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 (general education) is not available	The private institutions of Secondary General Education include both ISCED2 and ISCED3-General levels. Therefore, the teaching personnel teaches pupils enrolled at both ISCED levels. In order to separate the teaching personnel to each level we take into account the number of the students enrolled at these levels. For public institutions the ISCED levels are separated and the above estimation method is used only for some institutions that have both levels united. These institutions, though, represent only a small number of pupils enrolled in public secondary institutions.
Finance data	Government Expenditure by ISCED level for specific cases	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Government Budget	Breakdown of expenditure by ISCED level is not available for specific cases (administration of the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth, the Educational Service Commission and expenditure for pupils transportation)	We separate these expenditure using the weighted enrolments of the pupils/students by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year. (e.g. for financial year 2007 we used 2/3(SchoolYear2006/2007)+1/3(SchoolYear2007/2008).
Finance data	Pupils' loans at tertiary education level	1997-ISCED 5A, 5B & 6 or 2011-ISCED 5,6-8	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Government Agency for the Equal Distribution of burdens	Separation of the pupils loans at 1997-ISCED levels 5A, 5B and 6 OR 2011-ISCED 5,6-8.	The Government Agency that provides the student loans can give us only the total amount of the student loans that was given the reference year. However, the Agency can provide the amount of the student loans that was approved this year (separated for students that study in Cyprus or abroad and by ISCED level). We also use the data from the Annual Survey on Tertiary Education, where we have information concerning the number of Cypriot students that study in Cyprus. Combining these two sources of information, we can separate the amount of student loans that was given, for the specific year.
Finance data	Grants and other benefits, Child allowance at ISCED levels 5A/6 and 5B	ISCED 5A, 5B & 6	2001 - 2011	internal to UOE	population-based	Grants and Benefits Service of Cyprus	Separation of the child allowance at ISCED levels 5A/6 and 5B	The total amount of the child allowance that the students' families receive was given from the Grants and Benefits Service of Cyprus until 2011. We separate this amount using the weighted enrolments of the students by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year.
Finance data	Grants for tuition fees	1997-ISCED 5A, 5B & 6 or 2011-ISCED 5,6-8	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Grants and Benefits Service of Cyprus	Separation of the student grands to grands attributable for tuition fees to educational institutions.	The Government offers every year a grant to students eligible for this financial aid. This amount accounts to €1709 if the student does not pay tuition fees. The students' grant increases by €854 for the students that pay tuition fees and €854 if the students' family has 3 or more children. For the students that pay tuition fees, the 1/3 is considered to be attributable for tuition fees to educational institutions.
Finance data	Compensation of the teaching personnel by ISCED level 2 and 3-general	ISCED 2 & 3	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Government's Treasury	Breakdown of the compensation of the teaching personnel by ISCED level for ISCED2 and ISCED3-General is not available.	We separate this amount using the weighted data on the number of the teaching personnel by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year.
Finance data	Compensation of the non-teaching personnel by ISCED level	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Government's Treasury	Breakdown of the compensation of the non-teaching personnel by ISCED level is not available.	We separate this expenditure using the weighted enrolments of the pupils and students by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year.
Finance data	Expenditure for pensions	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	external to UOE	population-based	Public Administration and Personnel Department	The amount of the expenditure for retirement for the current personnel is not known.	The pension system in Cyprus is a 'pay as you go' system. Therefore, we must impute the amount for retirement of the current personnel. From a study that took place some years ago, estimations were made that the expenditure for retirement of the current personnel is estimated to 30% on the salary of the personnel.
Finance data	Private expenditure to independent private institutions by ISCED 2 and 3-general	ISCED 2 & 3	2001 - 2022	mixed	mixed	Services survey	The breakdown of private expenditure to private educational institutions of ISCED level 2 and 3 (General) is not available.	Private expenditure to private educational institutions is collected from the Services Survey (conducted by CYSTAT). The breakdown of the data by ISCED level for ISCED2 and ISCED3 (General) is not available. We allocate this expenditure using the weighted enrolments of the pupils by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year.
Finance data	Compensation of teaching and non-teaching personnel in private institutions	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	mixed	mixed	Services survey	The separation of the compensation to teaching and non-teaching personnel in private institutions is not available.	To separate the total amount of the compensation of the personnel (teaching and non-teaching) we take into account the separation of the previous year and the weighted data on the number of the teaching and non-teaching personnel by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year. Combining this information, we estimate the proportion that we must use to separate the amount of the compensation of the personnel to teaching and non-teaching personnel.
Finance data	Household expenditure for educational services and goods, outside the educational institutions	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	external to UOE	sample-based	Household Budget Survey	Expenditure of the households for educational purposes (e.g. stationery, school books, expenditure for dormitories etc.), is not available.	Since this survey is not conducted every year the inflation rate is taken into account for the years between the HBS surveys.

ISCED levels not covered
Data not covered	None	None	None	None	Not applicable	None	None
Reasons for unavailable data and, planned actions to improve coverage

Early childhood education programmes
YES	YES	YES	In Cyprus, Day-Nurseries offer ISCED01 programmes and Kindergartens offer ISCED02 programmes. Some private Kindergartens may accept children less than 3 years old, but please note that the children's age is reported at completed years (meaning that a child of 2 years and 11 months old is reported as a 2 years old child).	YES		For ISCED01 minimum qualification = ISCED 5. For ISCED02 minimum qualification = ISCED 5.	For both ISCED01 and ISCED02 minimum qualification = ISCED 3.	6

Special education needs (SNE) programmes
YES

Adult education programmes and "continuing education"
YES		YES

Students enrolled in educational institutions organised by ministries other than ministry of education
YES	Full coverage (of all formal programmes).	None formal programme is excluded.

Domestic educational activities	Distance learning / e-learning programmes
Yes (for the Government controlled areas of the Republic of Cyprus)		Yes			Yes

Students participating in exchange programmes (credit mobile students)	Foreign languages learning
Outgoing students from educational institutions in Cyprus are not excluded. Incoming students from educational institutions abroad are excluded.		Outgoing students from educational institutions in Cyprus are considered as active enrollments.	Yes	Yes

National programmes not covered by the UOE data collection, by ISCED level - Reasons why they are not covered
None	None	None	None	Not applicable	None	None	None	None

Graduates: unduplicated count
No

Tertiary education programmes (ISCED Levels (5-8)
No (but all ISCED 5 programmes are considered to be vocational/professional programmes).		No

Information related to the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
Data on pupils and personnel for ISCED Levels 0-3	October year t	June year t+1	July year t+1	October year t+1	March year t+3	On going
Data on graduates for ISCED Levels 0-3	October year t+1	June year t+2	July year t+2	October year t+2	Pending	Pending
Data on students, personnel and graduates for ISCED Levels 4-8	October year t+1	December year t+1	January year t+2	August year t+2	March year t+3	On going
Finance data	March year t+1	August year t+2	March year t+1	November year t+2	March year t+3	March year t+3

Submission dates for the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
31 October year t+2	31 October year t+2	31 October year t+2	31 October year t+2	Not applicable	29 November year t+2	13 December year t+2

If relevant, reasons for late delivery and action taken or planned for improving punctuality
The staff working for education statistics has also undertaken additional duties.	The staff working for education statistics has also undertaken additional duties.	The staff working for education statistics has also undertaken additional duties.	The staff working for education statistics has also undertaken additional duties.			The staff working for education statistics has also undertaken additional duties.

Enrolment: data collection period	Enrolment in multiple fields of education	Count of students: if relevant, detailed list of variables for which double counting are significant and why.	Regional enrolment	Foreign languages learning
No deviation	No deviation	No double counting	Not applicable	No deviation

Expenditure at the pre-primary level - the childcare component
No deviation	No		There are no academic hospitals.	No deviation	Extended public day school expenditure is included
Not applicable	Not applicable	No deviation	No deviation	No deviation	No deviation

	Main changes compared to data transmitted for the previous reference period
Changes in the educational system	Yes	No changes	No changes	See Annex 1	Not applicable	No changes	No changes
Changes in the coverage	No changes	No changes	No changes	No changes	Not applicable	No changes	No changes
Changes in the methodology	No changes	No changes	No changes	No changes	Not applicable	No changes	No changes
Other changes	No changes	No changes	No changes	No changes	Not applicable	No changes	No changes

Main changes over time
Education expenditure	Expenditure of private institutions	2003 UOE (for 2001)			Exclusion of depreciation of educational enterprises and exclusion of private Day-Nurseries (which were included before).
Non Monetary data: Languages data	Enrolments of pupils in Upper Secondary level by language learnt	2004 UOE (for 2002/2003)	The Unified Lyceum was introduced, allowing the students to choose from a variety of subjects and form their own personal curriculum. For the Language part of the curriculum, it became compulsory to choose any 2 languages from the 6 languages offered. The outcome of this change was a big decrease in French and an increase in Italian.
Education expenditure	Households' expenditure	2004 UOE (for 2002)		Households' expenditure, for educational services and goods are estimated using the results of the HBS. These data were missing before.
Education expenditure	Financial aid to students (from public sources)	2005 UOE (for 2003) - 2013 UOE (for 2011)				Child allowance (given to students, from the age of 18 until the age of 23 for girls or 25 for boys) was a financial aid that lasted from 2003 until 2011.
Education expenditure	Private expenditure of private educational institutions at ISCED 0 level.	2007 UOE (for 2005)	Preprimary education became compulsory for children 4 8/12 years in September (1 year before entrance to primary education) as an impact, enrolments increased as well as private expenditure to private institutions.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments, Entrants and Personnel data at ISCED Level 0.	Enrolments, Entrants and Personnel at ISCED Level 0.	2007 UOE (for 2005/2006)	Preprimary education became compulsory for children 4 8/12 years in September (1 year before entrance to primary education) and as a result the number of enrolments and personnel at ISCED level 0 has increased considerably.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments data at ISCED 1 Level.	Number of enrolments at ISCED Level 1	2007 UOE (for 2005/2006)		Pupils of special education schools are included under primary education (ISCED level 1). In the previous years they were not covered.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments, Entrants and Graduates data, at ISCED 5 & 6 Levels.	Enrolments, Entrants and Graduates at ISCED Levels 5 & 6:	2007 UOE (for 2005/2006)			A new data collection method for the Tertiary Educational Institutions has been introduced. Until now, the data were collected using a questionnaire asking for summary statistics. The new data collection method is a student register from each institution. This change did not produce any significant changes in the tertiary level data.
Education expenditure	Private expenditure at ISCED level 5/6	2009 UOE (for 2007)	The 3 largest ISCED 5B private institutions established new ISCED 5A institutions. Most of the students moved from 5B to 5A level.
Education expenditure	Public expenditure for the education personnel salaries	2009 UOE (for 2007)			New estimation method to distinguish the teaching personnel that has no teaching responsibilities.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments, Entrants, Graduates and Personnel data at ISCED 5&6	Enrolments, Entrants, Graduates and Personnel at ISCED Level 5 & 6	2009 UOE (for 2007/2008)	Significant changes have occurred in the Tertiary Education System of Cyprus. The 3 largest ISCED5B level private institutions have established new ISCED5A institutions and as a result, a big number of students have moved from ISCED5B level to ISCED5A. Therefore, students in 2006/2007 that were studying at ISCED5B level have been transferred in 2007/2008 in ISCED 5A
Non Monetary data: ISCED 4 Level.	Enrolments, Entrants, Personnel and Graduates at ISCED 4 Level.	2014 UOE (for 2012/2013)	Educational Programmes at this ISCED level commenced their operation as from school year 2012/2013 (for public sector only).
Non Monetary and Monetary data	All variables	2014 UOE (for 2012/2013)				New International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED) was implemented. This has had some impact only within the Tertiary Level data (now ISCED5-8, before ISCED5-6), as programmes are now differently broken down.
Non Monetary data	Enrolments and Entrants at ISCED Levels 3-8	2016 UOE (for 2014/2015)				New International Standard Classification of fields of Education 2013 (ISCED-F) was implemented.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments and Entrants data	Enrolments and Entrants at ISCED Level 3	2017 UOE (for 2015/2016)	As from the school year 2015/2016, the Subject Orientation Groups were introduced in grade I of the Lyceum cycle, leading to six respective Directions of study for grades II and III.
Non Monetary data: ISCED 4 Level.	Enrolments, Entrants, Personnel and Graduates at ISCED 4 Level.	2019 UOE (for 2017/2018)	Educational Programmes at this ISCED level ceased to exist as from this academic year 2017/2018. (The Public Institutions that offered these programmes were upgraded in 2017 and their programmes are now classified under ISCED5).
Non Monetary data: ISCED 1 Level.	Enrolments	2022 UOE (for 2020/2021)	The minimum compulsory age for enrolment in Primary education changed from 5 8/12 to 5 10/12 as from school year 2020/2021.
Non Monetary data: ISCED 1 Level.	Enrolments	2023 UOE (for 2021/2022)	The minimum compulsory age for enrolment in Primary education changed from 5 10/12 to 6 as from school year 2021/2022.

Name of the national publication	Coherence issues
Economic Statistics on Education	Data in this report refers only to expenditure of educational institutions, whereas the UOE covers total education expenditure.
Annual Report of the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth	The data refer to different collection period.

Calculation method	Scope of education
	The UOE educational expenditure are compiled according to the recommendations of the UOE manual. All public expenditure provided by all the ministries offering formal education programmes are included. 1. In the UOE data collection, students loans are included in the data, whereas the National Accounts do not consider these as educational expenditure. 2. In the UOE the imputed expenditure to finance retirement benefits for the current education personnel is included, whereas in National Accounts the retirement expenditure of the former education personnel (who is already retired) is included. 3. In the UOE data collection, compulsory acquisition of land for school buildings is included in the data, whereas the National Accounts include all acquisitions of land for the public sector under the Department of Lands and Surveys. 4. In the UOE data collection, students' transportation is included in the data, whereas the National Accounts include this amount under the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Works.

Time spent (in working days)	Comments
Approximately 900 working days	The data collection, the data cleaning and analysis, as well as the compilation and dissemination of data takes approximately 2 years. Two Statistics Officers working Full Time and one Statistics Officer working Part time, as well as and one Statistics Research Assistant working Full Time and one Statistics Research Assistant working Part Time, are involved during the whole procedure. Each year, two school/academic years are examined at the same time.

A general description of the statistical process and its outputs, and their evolution over time.

NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
The following documents provide general information on the educational system;

General link to Eurydice.

National system broad overview.

National Education System Description.

National Education System - Provisions regarding language learning.

Annex 1 - Provisions for language learning 2021 – Cyprus.

Structure of Education and Training Systems.

Please, use the box below if you wish to complement or amend the information provided by Eurydice.

This link refers to the website of the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth. The different levels and types of education can be visited for further study by clicking the ‘Education System’.

Link to the ISCMAP programme and qualification.

Annex 2 - ISCED Mapping for schoolyear 2021/2022 (UOE2023) – Cyprus

National link to programmes and qualifications.

Further information on data flagged ‘d’ in the database is available to download from the Annex of the Metadata page for Education administrative data from 2013 onwards (ISCED 2011).

Annexes:
National Education System - Provision for language learning
ISCMAP programme and qualification

Not Applicable

The data are compiled according to the concepts and definitions of the UOE data collection manual.

Each Educational Institution that provides formal education.

All pupils and students attending formal education programmes, as well as the personnel in these institutions.

Government controlled areas of the Republic of Cyprus.

Not Applicable

Not applicable (exhaustive survey).

Not Applicable

Operations performed on data to derive new information according to a given set of rules.

Weighting methods
Weighted figures for differing reference periods	Weighted figures for differing theoretical ages	Conversion factors from part-time to full-time equivalent (FTE) data
Not applicable	Not applicable	ISCED 2 and 3 students: FTE=Full Time + 0,75Part Time
Not applicable	Not applicable	ISCED 5-8 students: FTE=Full Time + 0,5 Part Time
Not applicable	Not applicable	Teaching Personnel: ISCED 01 and 02: FTE=Full Time+(teaching periods of Part Time/Normal teaching periods of a Full Time teacher) ISCED 1,2,3: FTE=(Teaching periods of Full-Time and Part-Time teachers)/Normal teaching periods of a Full Time teacher

Estimations methods used in the UOE questionnaires
Type of data	Detailed variables concerned	ISCED level	Reference year(s)	Data source (internal to UOE or not)	Data type (sample-based or not)	Data source name in English	Reason	Description of the estimation method
Personnel data	Teaching personnel at ISCED levels 2 and 3-general	ISCED 2 & 3	2000 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Annual survey on education	Breakdown of teaching personnel at ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 (general education) is not available	The private institutions of Secondary General Education include both ISCED2 and ISCED3-General levels. Therefore, the teaching personnel teaches pupils enrolled at both ISCED levels. In order to separate the teaching personnel to each level we take into account the number of the students enrolled at these levels. For public institutions the ISCED levels are separated and the above estimation method is used only for some institutions that have both levels united. These institutions, though, represent only a small number of pupils enrolled in public secondary institutions.
Finance data	Government Expenditure by ISCED level for specific cases	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Government Budget	Breakdown of expenditure by ISCED level is not available for specific cases (administration of the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth, the Educational Service Commission and expenditure for pupils transportation)	We separate these expenditure using the weighted enrolments of the pupils/students by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year. (e.g. for financial year 2007 we used 2/3(SchoolYear2006/2007)+1/3(SchoolYear2007/2008).
Finance data	Pupils' loans at tertiary education level	1997-ISCED 5A, 5B & 6 or 2011-ISCED 5,6-8	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Government Agency for the Equal Distribution of burdens	Separation of the pupils loans at 1997-ISCED levels 5A, 5B and 6 OR 2011-ISCED 5,6-8.	The Government Agency that provides the student loans can give us only the total amount of the student loans that was given the reference year. However, the Agency can provide the amount of the student loans that was approved this year (separated for students that study in Cyprus or abroad and by ISCED level). We also use the data from the Annual Survey on Tertiary Education, where we have information concerning the number of Cypriot students that study in Cyprus. Combining these two sources of information, we can separate the amount of student loans that was given, for the specific year.
Finance data	Grants and other benefits, Child allowance at ISCED levels 5A/6 and 5B	ISCED 5A, 5B & 6	2001 - 2011	internal to UOE	population-based	Grants and Benefits Service of Cyprus	Separation of the child allowance at ISCED levels 5A/6 and 5B	The total amount of the child allowance that the students' families receive was given from the Grants and Benefits Service of Cyprus until 2011. We separate this amount using the weighted enrolments of the students by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year.
Finance data	Grants for tuition fees	1997-ISCED 5A, 5B & 6 or 2011-ISCED 5,6-8	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Grants and Benefits Service of Cyprus	Separation of the student grands to grands attributable for tuition fees to educational institutions.	The Government offers every year a grant to students eligible for this financial aid. This amount accounts to €1709 if the student does not pay tuition fees. The students' grant increases by €854 for the students that pay tuition fees and €854 if the students' family has 3 or more children. For the students that pay tuition fees, the 1/3 is considered to be attributable for tuition fees to educational institutions.
Finance data	Compensation of the teaching personnel by ISCED level 2 and 3-general	ISCED 2 & 3	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Government's Treasury	Breakdown of the compensation of the teaching personnel by ISCED level for ISCED2 and ISCED3-General is not available.	We separate this amount using the weighted data on the number of the teaching personnel by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year.
Finance data	Compensation of the non-teaching personnel by ISCED level	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	internal to UOE	population-based	Government's Treasury	Breakdown of the compensation of the non-teaching personnel by ISCED level is not available.	We separate this expenditure using the weighted enrolments of the pupils and students by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year.
Finance data	Expenditure for pensions	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	external to UOE	population-based	Public Administration and Personnel Department	The amount of the expenditure for retirement for the current personnel is not known.	The pension system in Cyprus is a 'pay as you go' system. Therefore, we must impute the amount for retirement of the current personnel. From a study that took place some years ago, estimations were made that the expenditure for retirement of the current personnel is estimated to 30% on the salary of the personnel.
Finance data	Private expenditure to independent private institutions by ISCED 2 and 3-general	ISCED 2 & 3	2001 - 2022	mixed	mixed	Services survey	The breakdown of private expenditure to private educational institutions of ISCED level 2 and 3 (General) is not available.	Private expenditure to private educational institutions is collected from the Services Survey (conducted by CYSTAT). The breakdown of the data by ISCED level for ISCED2 and ISCED3 (General) is not available. We allocate this expenditure using the weighted enrolments of the pupils by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year.
Finance data	Compensation of teaching and non-teaching personnel in private institutions	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	mixed	mixed	Services survey	The separation of the compensation to teaching and non-teaching personnel in private institutions is not available.	To separate the total amount of the compensation of the personnel (teaching and non-teaching) we take into account the separation of the previous year and the weighted data on the number of the teaching and non-teaching personnel by ISCED level. The weight we use is [2/3(SchoolYear t-1/t)+1/3(SchoolYear t/t+1)], where t=the reference year. Combining this information, we estimate the proportion that we must use to separate the amount of the compensation of the personnel to teaching and non-teaching personnel.
Finance data	Household expenditure for educational services and goods, outside the educational institutions	All ISCED levels	2001 - 2022	external to UOE	sample-based	Household Budget Survey	Expenditure of the households for educational purposes (e.g. stationery, school books, expenditure for dormitories etc.), is not available.	Since this survey is not conducted every year the inflation rate is taken into account for the years between the HBS surveys.

For each UOE table, please list the source(s) used to compile information: UOE table, name, type, date of availability and responsibility.

Sources used for data on enrolments
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 the Census is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on entrants
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 the Census is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on personnel
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. Additionally, For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3, administrative data from the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth is used.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on enrolments at regional level
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
Not applicable

Sources used for data on foreign languages learning
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 the Census is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on graduates
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
All variables	Annual Survey on Education	Census carried out on all Educational Institutions providing Formal Education. For ISCED 2 and ISCED 3 the Census is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Sport and Youth.	CYSTAT

Sources used for data on education expenditure
Detailed variables concerned	Name of the source	Type (Survey / Register / Estimation / Other)	Responsible of the source (UOE data provider / Other: which-one?)
Public expenditure (a)	Government Budget	Administrative data	CYSTAT
Public expenditure (b)	Other sources	Other administrative and survey data that are necessary for the correct allocation of public expenditure to the different ISCED levels and the different categories of expenditure.	CYSTAT
Private expenditure to private institutions	Services survey	Survey carried out every year to private educational institutions.	CYSTAT
Other household expenditure	HBS	Survey carried out every 5 years to households.	CYSTAT
Expenditure of non profit organisations	Parents associations' expenditure Survey for the scholarships offered by private bodies	Survey carried out every year to parents’ associations. Survey carried out every year to private bodies that offer scholarships to students.	CYSTAT

Not Applicable

Length of time between data availability and the event or phenomenon they describe. Typically includes:

Information related to the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
Data collection			Post-collection phase		Dissemination/publication in your country		Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness
Type of data	Start date	End date	Start date	End date	Start date	End date	Additional comments on deadlines and timeliness
Data on pupils and personnel for ISCED Levels 0-3	October year t	June year t+1	July year t+1	October year t+1	March year t+3	On going
Data on graduates for ISCED Levels 0-3	October year t+1	June year t+2	July year t+2	October year t+2	Pending	Pending
Data on students, personnel and graduates for ISCED Levels 4-8	October year t+1	December year t+1	January year t+2	August year t+2	March year t+3	On going
Finance data	March year t+1	August year t+2	March year t+1	November year t+2	March year t+3	March year t+3

The extent to which statistics are comparable between countries.

A. Deviations between the national methodology and the UOE Manual: non financial data

Reference period	Data collection period	Reference date for student and personnel ages
No deviation	No deviation	No deviation

Enrolment: data collection period	Enrolment in multiple fields of education	Count of students: if relevant, detailed list of variables for which double counting are significant and why.	Regional enrolment	Foreign languages learning
No deviation	No deviation	No double counting	Not applicable	No deviation

Enrolment: data collection period

Enrolment in multiple fields of education

Count of students: if relevant, detailed list of variables for which double counting are significant and why.

Regional enrolment

Foreign languages learning

No deviation

No double counting

Not applicable

No deviation

Entrants	New entrants by field of education	Graduates from specific programmes	Graduates by field of education
No deviation	No deviation	No deviation	No deviation

Educational personnel in work- and school-based combined programmes	Educational personnel taxonomy: classroom teachers (ISCED 0-4) and academic staff (ISCED 5-8)	Educational staff at ISCED level 0	Educational personnel at ISCED levels 5-8	Educational personnel and temporary replacements
Not applicable	No deviation	No deviation	No deviation	No deviation

B. Deviations between the national methodology and the UOE Manual: financial data

Expenditure at the pre-primary level - the childcare component
Reference period	Expenditure at the pre-primary level: is the childcare component excluded (yes/no/partially)?	If yes, which is exactly the share of "day care component" to be excluded from the data on the pre-primary level? If no, which estimation method is used to determine the share?	Expenditure for teaching/academic hospitals	Ancillary services expenditure	Evening child care
No deviation	No		There are no academic hospitals.	No deviation	Extended public day school expenditure is included
Cost of a dual-system programme to the employer.	Adjustment of enrolments in case there is no data on expenditure at the workplace	Expenditure for contributions on pension schemes	Households' payments for private tutoring	Student living costs	Ancillary services coverage
Not applicable	Not applicable	No deviation	No deviation	No deviation	No deviation

The extent to which statistics are comparable or reconcilable over time.

	Main changes compared to data transmitted for the previous reference period
	Enrolments	Entrants	Personnel	Foreign languages learning	Regional data	Graduates	Education expenditure
Changes in the educational system	Yes	No changes	No changes	See Annex 1	Not applicable	No changes	No changes
Changes in the coverage	No changes	No changes	No changes	No changes	Not applicable	No changes	No changes
Changes in the methodology	No changes	No changes	No changes	No changes	Not applicable	No changes	No changes
Other changes	No changes	No changes	No changes	No changes	Not applicable	No changes	No changes

Main changes over time
Type of data	Detailed variables concerned	Reference year(s)	Changes in the educational system	Changes in the coverage	Changes in the methodology	Other changes
Education expenditure	Expenditure of private institutions	2003 UOE (for 2001)			Exclusion of depreciation of educational enterprises and exclusion of private Day-Nurseries (which were included before).
Non Monetary data: Languages data	Enrolments of pupils in Upper Secondary level by language learnt	2004 UOE (for 2002/2003)	The Unified Lyceum was introduced, allowing the students to choose from a variety of subjects and form their own personal curriculum. For the Language part of the curriculum, it became compulsory to choose any 2 languages from the 6 languages offered. The outcome of this change was a big decrease in French and an increase in Italian.
Education expenditure	Households' expenditure	2004 UOE (for 2002)		Households' expenditure, for educational services and goods are estimated using the results of the HBS. These data were missing before.
Education expenditure	Financial aid to students (from public sources)	2005 UOE (for 2003) - 2013 UOE (for 2011)				Child allowance (given to students, from the age of 18 until the age of 23 for girls or 25 for boys) was a financial aid that lasted from 2003 until 2011.
Education expenditure	Private expenditure of private educational institutions at ISCED 0 level.	2007 UOE (for 2005)	Preprimary education became compulsory for children 4 8/12 years in September (1 year before entrance to primary education) as an impact, enrolments increased as well as private expenditure to private institutions.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments, Entrants and Personnel data at ISCED Level 0.	Enrolments, Entrants and Personnel at ISCED Level 0.	2007 UOE (for 2005/2006)	Preprimary education became compulsory for children 4 8/12 years in September (1 year before entrance to primary education) and as a result the number of enrolments and personnel at ISCED level 0 has increased considerably.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments data at ISCED 1 Level.	Number of enrolments at ISCED Level 1	2007 UOE (for 2005/2006)		Pupils of special education schools are included under primary education (ISCED level 1). In the previous years they were not covered.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments, Entrants and Graduates data, at ISCED 5 & 6 Levels.	Enrolments, Entrants and Graduates at ISCED Levels 5 & 6:	2007 UOE (for 2005/2006)			A new data collection method for the Tertiary Educational Institutions has been introduced. Until now, the data were collected using a questionnaire asking for summary statistics. The new data collection method is a student register from each institution. This change did not produce any significant changes in the tertiary level data.
Education expenditure	Private expenditure at ISCED level 5/6	2009 UOE (for 2007)	The 3 largest ISCED 5B private institutions established new ISCED 5A institutions. Most of the students moved from 5B to 5A level.
Education expenditure	Public expenditure for the education personnel salaries	2009 UOE (for 2007)			New estimation method to distinguish the teaching personnel that has no teaching responsibilities.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments, Entrants, Graduates and Personnel data at ISCED 5&6	Enrolments, Entrants, Graduates and Personnel at ISCED Level 5 & 6	2009 UOE (for 2007/2008)	Significant changes have occurred in the Tertiary Education System of Cyprus. The 3 largest ISCED5B level private institutions have established new ISCED5A institutions and as a result, a big number of students have moved from ISCED5B level to ISCED5A. Therefore, students in 2006/2007 that were studying at ISCED5B level have been transferred in 2007/2008 in ISCED 5A
Non Monetary data: ISCED 4 Level.	Enrolments, Entrants, Personnel and Graduates at ISCED 4 Level.	2014 UOE (for 2012/2013)	Educational Programmes at this ISCED level commenced their operation as from school year 2012/2013 (for public sector only).
Non Monetary and Monetary data	All variables	2014 UOE (for 2012/2013)				New International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED) was implemented. This has had some impact only within the Tertiary Level data (now ISCED5-8, before ISCED5-6), as programmes are now differently broken down.
Non Monetary data	Enrolments and Entrants at ISCED Levels 3-8	2016 UOE (for 2014/2015)				New International Standard Classification of fields of Education 2013 (ISCED-F) was implemented.
Non Monetary data: Enrolments and Entrants data	Enrolments and Entrants at ISCED Level 3	2017 UOE (for 2015/2016)	As from the school year 2015/2016, the Subject Orientation Groups were introduced in grade I of the Lyceum cycle, leading to six respective Directions of study for grades II and III.
Non Monetary data: ISCED 4 Level.	Enrolments, Entrants, Personnel and Graduates at ISCED 4 Level.	2019 UOE (for 2017/2018)	Educational Programmes at this ISCED level ceased to exist as from this academic year 2017/2018. (The Public Institutions that offered these programmes were upgraded in 2017 and their programmes are now classified under ISCED5).
Non Monetary data: ISCED 1 Level.	Enrolments	2022 UOE (for 2020/2021)	The minimum compulsory age for enrolment in Primary education changed from 5 8/12 to 5 10/12 as from school year 2020/2021.
Non Monetary data: ISCED 1 Level.	Enrolments	2023 UOE (for 2021/2022)	The minimum compulsory age for enrolment in Primary education changed from 5 10/12 to 6 as from school year 2021/2022.

Vocational training		Programmes shorter than one semester (or Implementation of the semester rule)
Are vocational and technical training programmes in enterprises included in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	If Yes, how is the 10% school based component over the whole length of the programme assessed?	Do (formal) programmes of shorter duration than one semester, full time equivalent duration as defined nationally, exist (YES/NO)?	If Yes, how their duration (shorter than one semester) is assessed?	Are all programmes of shorter duration than one semester, full time equivalent duration as defined nationally excluded from the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	If NO, how does the coverage deviate from the UOE Manual recommendation?
No		No

Adult education programmes and "continuing education"
Are adult education programmes included in the data? (YES/NO)	If NO, why?	If YES, does the national definition of “adult” or “continuing” education fully comply with the category as defined by the UOE manual?	If the national definition of “adult” or “continuing” education programmes does not fully comply with the category as defined by the UOE manual, how it is assessed that the national “adult” or “continuing” programmes are similar or equivalent to corresponding initial education?
YES		YES

Domestic educational activities		Distance learning / e-learning programmes
Are all country’s domestic educational activities reported in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	If NO, which domestic educational activity (e.g. for example Distance learning/e-learning involving two countries, commuting students, foreign campus, European administration schools, etc.) are not reported and why?	Are distance learning programmes data reported in the UOE questionnaires? (YES / NO / Partially / Not relevant)	If NO, please explain why.	If Partially, which ones are excluded and for what reasons?	If distance students are included in the data, are national distance learners in programmes organised by institutions outside your country excluded?
Yes (for the Government controlled areas of the Republic of Cyprus)		Yes			Yes

Tertiary education programmes (ISCED Levels (5-8)
Orientation of programme in tertiary education		Personnel in tertiary education, Academic staff
Does the orientation (general/academic, vocational/professional) in tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 7) exist in the country (YES/NO)?	If YES, what is the national definition of the programme orientation?	Are PhD candidates who are employed and hold titles such as teaching assistant, teaching associate, teaching fellow, research assistant reported as academic staff in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?
No (but all ISCED 5 programmes are considered to be vocational/professional programmes).		No

ISCED levels not covered
	Enrolments	Entrants	Personnel	Foreign languages learning	Regional enrolments	Graduates	Education expenditure
Data not covered	None	None	None	None	Not applicable	None	None
Reasons for unavailable data and, planned actions to improve coverage

Special education needs (SNE) programmes
Are students in special education included in the data provided on enrolments, entrants, graduates and regional data (YES/NO)?	If NO, could you please specify for which questionnaires and explain why?
YES

Students enrolled in educational institutions organised by ministries other than ministry of education
Do educational programmes organised by Ministries other than Ministry of education exist in the country (YES/NO)?	If Yes, what is the coverage of these programmes in the UOE data collection?	If Yes, and if relevant, which of those programmes are excluded from the UOE data collection?
YES	Full coverage (of all formal programmes).	None formal programme is excluded.

National programmes not covered by the UOE data collection, by ISCED level - Reasons why they are not covered
Programmes not covered at ISCED 0-Early childhood education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 1-primary level of education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 2-lower secondary level of education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 3-upper secondary level of education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 4-post-secondary non-tertiary education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 5-short-cycle tertiary education	Programmes not covered at ISCED 6– Bachelor's or equivalent level	Programmes not covered at at ISCED 7 – Master's or equivalent level	Programmes not covered at ISCED 8 – Doctoral or equivalent level
None	None	None	None	Not applicable	None	None	None	None

Graduates: unduplicated count
Is the method of unduplicated count used for calculation of Graduates in the UOE data collection (YES/NO)?	If YES, please explain the method.
No

Submission dates for the latest reference year (academic year t-t+1, or financial year t)
Deadline for transmission of data: 30 September t+2					Deadline for transmission of data: 30 November of t+2
Enrolments	Entrants	Personnel	Foreign languages learning	Regional data	Graduates	Education expenditure
31 October year t+2	31 October year t+2	31 October year t+2	31 October year t+2	Not applicable	29 November year t+2	13 December year t+2

1.1. Contact organisation

1.2. Contact organisation unit

1.3. Contact name

1.4. Contact person function

1.5. Contact mail address

1.6. Contact email address

1.7. Contact phone number

1.8. Contact fax number

2.1. Data description

2.2. Classification system

2.3. Coverage - sector

2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

2.5. Statistical unit

2.6. Statistical population

2.7. Reference area

2.8. Coverage - Time

2.9. Base period

3.1. Source data

3.2. Frequency of data collection

3.3. Data collection

3.4. Data validation

3.5. Data compilation

3.6. Adjustment

4.1. Quality assurance

4.2. Quality management - assessment

5.1. Relevance - User Needs

5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

5.3. Completeness

5.3.1. Data completeness - rate

6.1. Accuracy - overall

6.2. Sampling error

6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators

6.3. Non-sampling error

6.3.1. Coverage error

6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

6.3.2. Measurement error

6.3.3. Non response error

6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate

6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

6.3.4. Processing error

6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate

6.3.5. Model assumption error

6.4. Seasonal adjustment

6.5. Data revision - policy

6.6. Data revision - practice

6.6.1. Data revision - average size

7.1. Timeliness

7.1.1. Time lag - first result

7.1.2. Time lag - final result

7.2. Punctuality

7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication

8.1. Comparability - geographical

8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

8.2. Comparability - over time

8.2.1. Length of comparable time series

8.3. Coherence - cross domain

8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

8.5. Coherence - National Accounts

8.6. Coherence - internal

9.1. Dissemination format - News release

9.2. Dissemination format - Publications

9.3. Dissemination format - online database

9.3.1. Data tables - consultations

9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

9.5. Dissemination format - other

9.6. Documentation on methodology

9.7. Quality management - documentation

9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate

9.7.2. Metadata - consultations

11.1. Confidentiality - policy

11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment