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Environmental noise "pollution" relates to ambient sound levels beyond the comfort levels as caused by traffic, construction, industrial, as well as some recreational activities. It can aggravate serious direct as well as indirect health effects, for example damage to hearing or sleep and later mental disorder, as well as increasing blood pressure. Noise effects can trigger premature illness and, in extreme cases, death. Night-time effects can differ significantly from day time impacts.
EU-wide action to reduce environmental noise has traditionally had a different priority compared to environmental problems such as air and water pollution also because solutions were often considered best handed at the national or local levels (i.e. there has always been an important subsidiarity consideration). In the early stages, EU regulations on noise management were based on internal market objectives. These were mainly focusing on setting harmonized noise limits for motor vehicles, household appliances and other noise-generating products. As more information about the health impacts of noise became available, the need for a higher level of protection of EU citizens through further EU-wide measures became more imminent.
The Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) is one of the main instruments to identify noise pollution levels and to trigger the necessary action at Member State level. The Commission has recently published a first implementation report (COM(2011) 321 final of 1 June 2011) which summarises the implementation progress to date and outlines possible ways forward to improve implementation and enhance effectiveness of EU's environmental noise policy.
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