The inactive population is not a traditional target group for the Public Employment Services (PES), although a significant share of it wants to work and is potentially available for work. The study surveys existing policy regimes and outreach measures for three target groups among the inactive that are central to current policy discussions on increasing labour force participation and social inclusion: 1) Inactive older workers; 2) Working-age women not in the labour force; and 3)  Ethnic minorities and migrants. It also depicts in more detail six case studies from Austria, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Sweden.

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