The Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN) of the European Commission is pleased to inform you about its newest publication for your free download as PDF:
European Business Cycle Indicators – 1st Quarter 2022 - Consumer Confidence in Turbulent Times – The Case of the Candidate Countries
The special topic focuses on consumer survey results in the candidate countries in the turbulent period from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic to the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Consumer confidence in Albania, Montenegro and North Macedonia evolved broadly in line with the EU aggregate, the only major deviation being the incomplete recovery of confidence in North Macedonia from the COVID-19 shock. By contrast, consumer confidence in Turkey and Serbia appears to have been dominated by country specific forces, resulting in subdued reactions to both the adverse shock of the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The European Commission is committed to personal data protection. Any personal data is processed in line with the Regulation (EU) 2018/1725. Please read the privacy statement
