AT/DE/LU: beschleunigtes Verfahren für internationalen Schutz

BG: ускорено производство за предоставяне на международна закрила

CS: zrychlené řízení o mezinárodní ochraně

EE: kiirendatud rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus

ES: tramitación de urgencia

FI: kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva nopeutettu menettely

FR/BE/LU: procédure accélérée de traitement d'une demande de protection internationale

HU: gyorsított menedékjogi eljárás

IE: Nós Imeachta Luathaithe um Chosaint Idirnáisiúnta

IT: procedura accelerata di protezione internazionale

LT: paspartinta prieglobsčio procedūra

LV: paātrināta starptautiskās aizsardzības piešķiršanas procedūra

MT: Proċedura aċċellerata għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali

NL/BE: versnelde asielprocedure

NO: hurtigprosedyre for behandling av asylsøknader (b) / hurtigprosedyre for handsaming av asylsøknader (n)

PL: procedura przyspieszona w sprawie o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej

PT: processo acelerado de protecção internacion

RO: procedura accelerata

SE: påskyndat prövningsförfarande av ansökan om internationellt skydd

SI: pospešen postopek za pridobitev statusa mednarodne zaščite

SK: zrýchlený postup posudzovania žiadosti o medzinárodnú ochranu

An expedited procedure to examine an which is either already deemed manifestly unfounded, which involves serious national security or public order concerns, or which is a subsequent application.


Synonym(s): accelerated procedure for international protection, speedy asylum procedure, speedy international protection procedure


Note:
1. As per the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe's guidelines on human rights protection in the context of accelerated asylum procedures of 1 July 2009, the procedure derogates from normally applicable procedural timescales and/or procedural guarantees with a view to expediting decision-making. For more information see https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1469829&Site=CM
2. Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) recognises, in Recital 18 of the Preamble and in Art. 31(2) that it is in the interest of both Member States and applicants for international protection for decisions to be taken as soon as possible. This Directive does not provide for minimum or maximum time limits for taking a decision on applications for international protection nor does it define the term ‘accelerated procedure'. However, Art. 31(2) does make clear that the speed of the asylum procedure may not prejudice ‘an adequate and complete examination’ of the asylum claim.
3. Accelerated procedures must comply with the basic principles and guarantees laid down in Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU and may be conducted only in limited cases laid down in Art. 31(8) of the Directive.

Source:Derived by EMN from the Council of Europe's Guidelines on human rights protection in the context of accelerated asylum procedures 2009

AT/DE/LU: Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung

BG: достъп до здравни гриижи

CS: přístup ke zdravotní péči

EE: ligipääs tervishoiule

EL: πρόσβαση στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη

ES: acceso a la asistencia sanitaria

FI: oikeus terveydenhuoltoon

FR/BE/LU: accès aux soins de santé

HU: a migránsok társadalombiztosítási és egészségügyi ellátásokhoz való hozzáférése

IE: Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte

IT: accesso all'assistenza sanitaria

LT: sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų prieinamumas

LV: piekļuve veselības aprūpei

MT: Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa/ għall-kura sanitarja

NL/BE: toegang tot gezondheidszorg

NO: tilgang til helsetjenester (b) / tilgang til helsetenester (n)

PL: dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej

PT: acesso aos cuidados de saúde

RO: acces la ingrijirea sanatatii/acces la sistemul medical

SE: tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård

SI: dostop do zdravstvenega varstva

SK: prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti

Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country nationals(migrants, applicants for international protectionand Refugees) in EU Member States and in their countries of origin.


Synonym(s): healthcare benefits, medical benefits

Broader Term: social protection benefits

Note:
1. In EU Member States, the scope of healthcare to which a third-country national has access depends on their residence or employment status. For further information see EMN: Migrants access to social security and healthcare: policies and practice, 2014.
2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access to healthcare as nationals as defined by national law.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) grants access to adequate healthcare, including treatment of mental disorders when needed, to beneficiaries of international protection under the same eligibility conditions as nationals of the Member State that has granted such protection.
4. Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) establishes minimum standards for access to healthcare for applicants of international protection during the asylum procedure. It requires Member States to ensure that asylum seekers at least receive emergency care and essential treatment for illnesses and serious mental disorders. However, the entitlement of asylum seekers to healthcare services depends on national legislation and varies among Member States. See for example, EMN: Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member States.
5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the process of decision-making on applications for international protection. Subsidiary protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g. financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011.

Source: Derived by EMN from Art. 11 of Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) and Art. 30 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)

AT/DE/LU: Aufnahmeeinrichtung

BG: център за настаняване

CS: pobytové středisko

EE: majutuskeskus

ES: centro de acogida

FI: vastaanottokeskus

FR/BE/LU: centre d'hébergement

GR: κέντρο φιλοξενίας

HU: befogadó állomás

IE: lárionad cóiríochta (gu & ai: lárionaid chóiríochta)

IT: struttura alloggiativa (per richiedenti asilo)

LT: apgyvendinimo centras

LV: izmitināšanas centrs

MT: Ċentru ta' akkomodazzjoni

NL/BE: opvangcentrum (syn: asielzoekerscentrum)

NO: asylmottak/mottakssenter

PL: ośrodek dla osób ubiegających się o status uchodźcy

PT: centro de acolhimento

RO: centru de cazare şi proceduri

SE: förläggning

SI: nastanitveni center

SK: pobytový tábor (national law) / ubytovacie zariadenie

A place used for the collective housing of applicants for international protection.


Broader Term: reception facilities

Related Term:Reception Centre

Note:
1. Such places include decentralised accommodation centres.
2. In FI, the preferred English translation is ‘reception centre’.
3. For more information on categories of reception facilitiesavailable in EU Member States, see EMN: The Organisation of Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member States, 2014.

Source:Art. 2(i) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive)

Please see entry for Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration

Please see entry for Cotonou Agreement

The body of common rights and obligations that is binding on all EU States. It is constantly evolving and comprises:

• the content, principles and political objectives of the Treaties,
• legislation adopted pursuant to the Treaties and the case law of the Court of Justice
• declarations and resolutions adopted by the Union,
• instruments under the Common Foreign and Security Policy,
• instruments under Justice and Home Affairs,
• international agreements concluded by the EU and those entered into by EU States among themselves within the sphere of the Union's activities.

Any mode of becoming a national, i.e. by birth or at any time after birth, automatic or non-automatic, based on attribution, declaration, option or application.

The deliberate action of whosoever promises or gives, directly or through an intermediary, an advantage of any kind whatsoever to an official for himself or for a third party for him to act or refrain from acting in accordance with his duty or in the exercise of his functions in breach of his official duties.

Contains data that is in active use.

AT/DE/LU: Akteur, der Schutz bieten kann

BG: субект на закрила

CS: poskytovatel ochrany

EE: kaitset tagav isik

ES: agentes de protección

FI: suojelun tarjoaja

FR/BE/LU: acteur de la protection

GR: φορείς προστασίας

HU: a védelem szereplői

IE: gníomhaí cosanta (iolra: gníomhaithe cosanta)

IT: soggetto che offre protezione

LT: apsaugos teikėjas

LV: aizsardzības dalībnieks

MT: Aġent t'att ta' protezzjoni

NL/BE: actoren van bescherming

NO: aktører som gir beskyttelse (b) / aktørar som gjev vern (n)

PL: podmiot udzielający ochrony

PT: agentes de protecção

RO: agent de protectie

SE: aktörer som ger skydd

SI: akter nudenja zaščite

SK: aktér ochrany

Any person (individual or legal) providing effective and non-temporary protectionagainst persecutionor serious harm– i.e. the State or parties or organisations, including international organisations, controlling the State or a substantial part of the territory of the State provided they are willing and able to offer protection.


Broader Term: protection

Source:Derived by EMN from Art. 7 of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive)

AT/DE/LU: Anpassung, Adaptation

BG: приспособяване

CS: adaptace

EE: kohanemine

ES: adaptación

FI: sopeutuminen

FR/BE/LU: adaptation

GR: προσαρμογή

HU: adaptáció / alkalmazkodás

IE: oiriúnú

IT: adattamento

LT: adaptacija

LV: pielāgošanās

MT: Addattament

NL/BE: aanpassing

NO: tilpasning (b) / tilpassing (n)

PL: adaptacja

PT: adaptação

RO: adaptare

SE: anpassning

SI: prilagajanje/adaptacija

SK: prispôsobenie / adaptácia

Process of modifying some or all of one's beliefs and/or attitudes so as to suit new conditions of life.


Narrower Term: economic adaptation, linguistic adaptation, occupational adaptation, school adaptation

Related Term: integration

Source:UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology

BG: допускане на територията

CS: povolení ke vstupu na území

DE: Zulassung zum Hoheitsgebiet

EL: εισδοχής στο έδαφος

ES: entrada legal al territorio

ET: riiki lubamine

FI: maahantulon salliminen

FR: admission sur le territoire

GA: cead isteach sa chríoch

HU: egy állam területére történő beutazás

IT: ammissione sul territorio

LT: įleidimas į teritoriją

LV: uzņemšana teritorijā

MT: Dħul fit-territorju

NL: toegang tot het grondgebie

PL: przyjęcie / dopuszczenie na terytorium

RO: admisie pe teritoriu

SK: povolenie vstupu na územie štátu

SL: (zakoniti) vstop na ozemlje

SV: tillstånd att resa in i landet

NO: adgang til riket (b) / tilgjenge til riket (n)

The lawful entry of an alien onto the territory of a State after inspection and authorisation by an immigration officer.

Synonym(s): foreigner , non-citizen, non-national

Broader Term: legal entry

Related Terms: non-EU national, third-country national

Note:
In countries signatory to the Schengen Agreement, only citizens from countries which are not signatory to the Schengen Agreement have to go through the admission process, whereas in non-Schengen countries all non-nationals have to be admitted.

Source: Global context: Derived by EMN from the definition of ‘admission’ in IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011

AT/DE/LU: Adoption

BG: приемане

CS: přijetí (právních aktů)

EE: (õigusakti) vastuvõtmine

ES: adopción

FI: hyväksyminen

FR/BE/LU: adoption

GR: υιοθεσία

HU: elfogadás

IE: glacadh

IT: adozione (di atti giuridici)

LT: (susitarimo) priėmimas

LV: pieņemšana

MT: Aċċettazzjoni

NL/BE: goedkeuring

NO: godkjenning

PL: przyjęcie

PT: adopção

RO: adoptie

SE: antagande

SI: sprejetje

SK: prijatie

In the context of accords, in public international law, the formal act by which negotiating parties establish the form and content of a treaty. The treaty is adopted through a specific act expressing the will of the states and the international organisations participating in the negotiation of that treaty, e.g. by voting on the text, initialling, signing, etc. Adoption may also be the mechanism used to establish the form and content of amendments to a treaty, or regulations under a treaty.

Source:IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011

AT/DE/LU: Erwachsener

BG: възрастен

CS: dospělá osoba

EE: täisealine

ES: adulto

FI: aikuinen

FR/BE/LU: adulte

GR: ενήλικας

HU: felnőtt

IE: aosach

IT: adulto/ maggiorenne

LT: pilnametis

LV: pieaugušais

MT: Adult(a)

NL/BE: volwassene

NO: voksen (b) / vaksen (n)

PL: osoba pełnoletnia

PT: adulto/ maior de idade

RO: adult

SE: vuxen

SI: odrasel

SK: dospelá osoba

Every human being aged 18 years and older (unless majority is attained later under the law applicable to the adult).

Related Terms: child, Minor

Note:
Adulthood can be defined in terms of biology, psychological adult development, law, personal character or social status. For the purposes of this glossary, a more legal definition is used.

Source: Derived by EMN from the definition of 'child' in EMN Glossary

AT/DE/LU: Beobachtungs-stelle für Migration in Afrika, in der Karibik und im pazifischen Raum

BG: Обсерватория по миграция за страните от Африка, Карибите и Тихоокенския басейн

CZ: Observatoř pro migraci států Afriky, Karibiku a Pacifiku

EE: Aafrika, Kariibi mere ja Vaikse ookeani piirkonna riikide rände vaatluskeskus

EL: Αφρική , Καραϊβικής, Ειρηνικός παρατηρητήριο για τη μετανάστευση

ES: Observatorio sobre Migraciones Africa Caribe Pacífico

FI: Afrikan, Karibian ja Tyynenmeren alueen muuttoliikkeiden seurantakeskus

FR/BE/LU: Observatoire Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique sur les migrations

HU: Afrikai, Karibi és Csendes-óceáni Migrációs Megfigyelő Központ

IE: Faireachlann Stáit na hAfraice, Mhuir Chairib agus an Aigéin Chiúin um Imirce, Faireachlann ACC um Imirce

IT: Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi e Pacifico sulle migrazioni

LT: Afrikos, Karibų ir Ramiojo vandenyno regiono migracijos stebėsenos tinklas

LV: Āfrikas, Karību jūras reģiona un Klusā okeāna valstu migrācijas novērošanas centrs

MT: Osservatorju (L-) tal-Afrika, Karibew u Paċifiku fuq il-Migrazzjoni

NL/BE: Africa Caribbean Pacific Obervatory on Migration (no usual translation)

NO: Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (no usual translation)

PL: Obserwatorium Migracji państw Afryki, Karaibów i Pacyfiku

PT: Observatório das Migrações África, Caraíbas e Pacífico (ACP)

RO: Observator cu privire la migratie Africa Caraibe Pacific

SE: No usual translation

SI: Afriško - Karibsko - Pacifiški observatorij za migracije

SK: Observatórium AKT (Skupiny afrických, karibských a tichomorských štátov) pre migráciu

SV: Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration (no usual translation)

A reference network of migration research institutions and governmental entities dealing with migration in the six regions of the Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Group of States, namely West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific, designed to produce data on South-South ACP migration flows for civil society and policy-makers, and enhance research capacities in ACP countries through networking and cooperation among organisations.


Synonym(s): ACP, ACP Observatory on Migration

Related Term: European Migration Network, Global Approach to Migration and Mobility

Note:
1. The ACP was established in 2010 on the initiative of the Secretariat of the ACP Group of States, empowered by the International Organization for Migration (IOM)and funded by the European Union with the financial support of CH.
2. Activities are undertaken in 12 pilot countries (Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Tanzania, Timor-Leste and Trinidad and Tobago).
3. For more information see: http://www.acpmigration-obs.org/

Source:Website of the ACP Observatory on Migration

Please see entry for Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership

The age below which, in accordance with national law, it is prohibited to engage in sexual activities with a child.

Any air transport enterprise offering or operating an international air service.

AT/DE/LU: Ausländer

BG: чужденец

CS: cizinec

EE: välismaalane

ES: extranjero

FI: ulkomaalainen

FR/BE/LU: étranger

GR: αλλοδαπός

HU: külföldi

IE: eachtrannach

IT: straniero

LT: užsienietis

LV: ārzemnieks

MT: Persuna barranija / għariba

NL/BE: vreemdeling

NO: utlending / utenlandsk borger (b) / utlending / utanlandsk borgar (n)

PL: cudzoziemiec

PT: estrangeiro

RO: străin

SE: utlänning

SI: tujec

SK: cudzinec

In the global context, a person who is not a national (native or citizen) of a given State.

In the EU context, a person who is not a national of a Member State of the European Union.


Synonym(s): foreigner , non-citizen, non-national

Related Terms: non-EU national, third-country national

Note:
The more frequently used term in the EU context is third-country national.

Source: Global context: Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011
EU context: Schengen acquis

Please see entry for regularisation

A synthetic substance. Normally seen as a white powder, it acts as a stimulant of the central nervous system. Amphetamine has some limited therapeutic use, but most is manufactured in clandestine laboratories in Europe. It is under international control and closely related to methamphetamine.

AT/DE/LU: Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz

BG: кандидат за международна закрила

CS: žadatel o mezinárodní ochranu

EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja

EL: αιτών διεθνή προστασία

ES: solicitante de protección internacional

FI: kansainvälistä suojelua hakeva

FR/BE/LU: demandeur de protection internationale

HU: menedékkérő

IE: iarratasóir ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta

IT: richiedente protezione internazionale

LT: prieglobsčio prašytojas

LV: pieteikuma iesniedzējs, kas lūdz starptautisko aizsardzību

MT: Applikant(a) għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali

NL/BE: persoon die om internationale bescherming verzoekt

NO: person som søker om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / person som søkjer om internasjonalt vern (n)

PL: wnioskodawca o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej

PT: requerente de protecção internacional

RO: solicitant al protectiei internationale

SE: sökande av internationellt skydd

SI: prosilec za mednarodno zaščito

SK: žiadateľ o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis)

A third-country nationalor a stateless person who has made an application for international protection in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken.


Narrower Term: asylum seeker , applicant in need of special procedural guarantees,applicant with special reception needs,examination of an application for international protection,rejected applicant for international protection to narrower terms

Related Term: beneficiary for international protection,person eligible for subsidiary protection

Source:Art. 2(i) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)

AT/DE/LU: Antragsteller mit besonderen Bedürfnissen bei der Aufnahme

BG: кандидат със специални потребности за приемане

CS: žadatel se zvláštními potřebami při přijetí

EE: taotleja, kes vajab vastuvõtu eritingimusi

EL: αιτών με ειδικές ανάγκες υποδοχής

ES: solicitante con necesidades de acogida particulares

FI: hakija, jolla on erityisiä vastaanottotarpeita

FR/BE/LU: demandeur ayant des besoins particuliers en matière d'accueil

HU: különleges befogadási igényekkel rendelkező kérelmező

IE: iarratasóir a bhfuil sainriachtanais fáiltithe aige

IT: richiedente con esigenze di accoglienza particolari

LT: specialių priėmimo poreikių turintis prašytojas

LV: pieteikuma iesniedzējs ar īpašām uzņemšanas vajadzībām

MT: Applikant(a) bi bżonnijiet speċjali ta’ akkoljenza

NL/BE: persoon met bijzondere opvangbehoeften

NO: søker som har behov for særskilte innkvarteringsforhold (b) / søkjar som treng særskilde innkvarteringstilhøve (n)

PL: wnioskodawca o szczególnych potrzebach w zakresie przyjmowania

PT: requerente com necessidades de acolhimento especiais

RO: solicitant cu nevoi speciale de primire

SE: sökande med särskilda mottagandebehov

SI: prosilec s posebnimi sprejemnimi potrebami

SK: žiadateľ s osobitnými potrebami pri prijímaní (EU acquis)

Avulnerable person, in accordance with Art. 21 of Directive 2013/33/EU, who is in need of special guarantees in order to benefit from the rights and obligations provided for in Directive 2013/33/EU.


Broader Term: applicant for international protection, vulnerable person

Related Term: applicant in need of special procedural guarantees

Source:Art. 2(k) of Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive)

AT/DE/LU: Antrag auf internationalen Schutz

BG: молба за международна закрила

CS: žádost o mezinárodní ochranu

EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus

ES: solicitud de protección internacional

FI: kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus

FR/BE/LU: demande de protection internationale

GR: αίτηση για διεθνή προστασία

HU: nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem

IE: iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta

IT: domanda di protezione internazionale

LT: prašymas suteikti prieglobstį

LV: starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums

MT: Talba għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali

NL/BE: verzoek om internationale bescherming

NO: søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)

PL: wniosek o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej

PT: pedido de protecção internacional

RO: cerere de protectie internationala

SE: ansökan om internationellt skydd

SI: prošnja za mednarodno zaščito

SK: žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis)

A request made by a third-country nationalor a stateless personfor protectionfrom a Member State, who can be understood to seek refugee statusor subsidiary protection status, and who does not explicitly request another kind of protection, outside the scope of Directive 2011/95/EU, that can be applied for separately.


Narrower Term: application for asylum , examination of an application for international protection, subsequent application for international protection, unfounded application for international protection , withdrawal of an application for international protection

Note:
1. In most Member States this term is understood as a synonym to application for international protectionfollowing the adoption of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive).
2. In everyday use, the terms 'asylum application' and 'application for asylum' are often used more frequently than 'application for international protection'.
3. According to Protocol 24 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of a Member State is normally not taken into consideration.

Source:Art. 2(h) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)

“Article 33 mechanism” or “a mechanism for early warning, preparedness and management of asylum crises” – a process set-up by the Dublin Regulation serving to prevent the deterioration in, or the collapse of, asylum systems, by alerting the Union as soon as possible when there is a concern that the smooth functioning of the Dublin system is being jeopardised as a result of particular pressure on, and/or deficiencies in the asylum system(s) of one or more EU State(s), providing remedial actions and steering measures of solidarity in order to assist the affected EU State(s) and the applicants.

AT/DE/LU: Asien-Europa-Treffen

BG: Среща Азия-Европа

CS: Asijsko-evropské setkání

EE: Aasia-Euroopa kohtumine

ES: Conferencia Asia-Europa

FI: ASEM (Aasian ja Euroopan yhteistyöfoorumi)

FR/BE/LU: Réunion Asie-Europe

GR: Διάσκεψη Ασίας – Ευρώπης

HU: Ázsia-Európa Találkozó

IE: Cruinniú an Áise -an Eoraip

IT: Meeting Asia-Europa

LT: Azijos ir Europos susitikimas

LV: Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksme

MT: Inkontru (L-) Asja-Ewropa (IAsE)

NL/BE: ASEM (Asia Europe Meeting)

NO: ASEM (Asia-Europe Meeting)

PL: ASEM (Asia Europe Meeting)

PT: Cimeira Ásia – Europa

RO: ASEM (Reuniunea Asia Europa)

SE: ASEM (Asia-Europe Meeting)

SI: Azijsko - Evropski sestanek

SK: Fórum Ázia - Európa / ASEM

An informal process of dialogue and cooperation bringing together countries of the two regions (27 EU Member States, two other European countries and 20 Asian countries), the European Commission and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat which addresses political, economic and cultural issues, with the objective of strengthening the relationship between the two regions, in a spirit of mutual respect and equal partnership.



Synonym(s): ASEM

Related Term: Global Approach to Migration and Mobility

Note:
1. ASEM was initiated in 1996 in Bangkok.
2. In the political field, areas of common interest include the fight against terrorism or the management of migration flows; discussions on human rights, on the protection of children, and on the impact of globalisation.
3. For more information, see: http://www.aseminfoboard.org/

Source:Website of the ASEM

AT/DE/LU: Assimilation

BG: асимилация

CS: asimilace

EE: assimileeruma

EL: αφομοίωση

ES: asimilación

FI: assimilaatio

FR/BE/LU: assimilation

HU: asszimiláció

IE: asamhlú

IT: assimilazione

LT: asimiliacija

LV: asimilācija

MT: Assimilazzjoni

NL/BE: assimilatie

NO: assimilering

PL: asymilacja

PT: assimilação

RO: asimilare

SE: assimilering

SI: asimilacija

SK: asimilácia

The gradual process by which a minority groupadopts the patterns of behaviour of a majority group or host societyand is eventually absorbed by the majority group/host society.


Synonym(s): cultural assimiliation

Broader Term: acculturation

Source: Malgesini and Giménez: Guía de conceptos sobre migraciones racismo e inteculturalidad, 2000

AT/DE/LU: Asyl

BG: убежище

CS: azyl

EE: varjupaik

ES: asilo

FI: turvapaikka

FR/BE/LU: asile

GR: άσυλο

HU: menedékjog

IE: tearmann

IT: asilo

LT: prieglobstis

LV: patvērums

MT: Ażil

NL/BE: asiel

NO: asyl

PL: azyl

PT: asilo

RO: azil

SE: asyl

SI: azil

SK: azyl

A form of protectiongiven by a State on its territory, based on the principle of non-refoulementand internationally or nationally recognised refugee rights and which is granted to a person who is unable to seek protection in their country of citizenship and/or residence, in particular for fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.


Broader Term: international protection

Narrower Term: right of asylum

Related Term: refugee

Note:
: The literal translation of this term
in Bulgarian (the word ‘убежище’) refers to a specific
kind of protection which is granted by the President
of the Republic of Bulgaria and differs from the
protection granted on the basis of the Geneva
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
(1951).

Source:Developed by EMN

A non-EU national or a stateless person who has made an application for asylum in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken.

An application made by a non-EU national or a stateless person that can be understood as a request for international protection from an EU State, under the Geneva Convention. Any application for international protection is presumed to be an application for asylum unless a non-EU national or a stateless person explicitly requests another kind of protection that can be applied for separately.

Please see entry for case worker in procedures for international protection

A non-EU national or a stateless person who has made an application for asylum in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken.

The phenomenon where an asylum seeker applies for asylum in more than one EU State or chooses one EU State in preference to others on the basis of a perceived higher standard of reception conditions or social security assistance.

AT/DE/LU: Au-pair

BG: детегледачка

CS: au pair

EE: au pair lapsehoidja

EL: εσωτερικός άμισθος βοηθός (au pair)

ES: au pair

FI: au pair

FR/BE/LU: au pair

HU: au pair

IE: au pair

IT: persona collocata alla pari

LT: au pair auklė

LV: viesaukle

MT: au pair

NL/BE: au pair

NO: au pair

PL: au pair

PT: au pair

RO: lucrator "au pair"

SE: au pair

SI: varuška

SK: au pair / au-pair

A third-country nationalwho is temporarily received by a family in the territory of a Member State in exchange for light housework and taking care of children in order to improve their linguistic skills and knowledge of the host country.

Source:Art. 2(i) of Proposal for a Directive on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and unremunerated training, voluntary service and au pairing, COM(2013) 151 final

The use of automatic or semi-automatic systems that can verify the identity of passengers crossing the borders at border crossing points, without the need for human intervention.

An IT system that uses digital imaging technology to facilitate the identification of an individual by making a comparison of a provided fingerprint or latent with the fingerprint records available in the connected database.

Processing of data (which may include browsing, comparison, deletion, etc.) by means of specialised IT programmes and tools.

AT/DE/LU: Bali-Prozess

BG: Процесът "Бали"

CS: Balijský proces; Proces Bali

EE: Bali protsess

ES: Proceso de Bali

FI: Balin prosessi

FR/BE/LU: Processus de Bali

GR: Διαδικασία του Μπαλί

HU: Bali Folyamat

IE: Próiseas Bali

IT: Processo di Bali

LT: Balio procesas

LV: Bali process

MT: Proċess (Il-) ta' Bali

NL/BE: Bali proces

NO: Bali-prosessen

PL: Proces Bali

PT: Processo de Bali

RO: Procesul Bali

SE: Baliprocessen

SI: Baliski proces

SK: Balijský proces

An international forum dealing with smuggling of migrantsand trafficking in human beings, participated in by over 50 countries in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond.


Synonym(s): Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime

Related Term: Global Approach to Migration and Mobility , smuggling of migrants , trafficking in human beings


Note:
1. The Bali Process was established through a framework agreement that was initiated at the Regional Ministerial Conference on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime' held in Bali, Indonesia in February 2002.
2. It aims to facilitate discussion and information sharing about issues relating to people smuggling, human trafficking, and related transnational crime and appropriate responses to these issues.
3. For more information, see: http://www.baliprocess.net/

Source:Website of the Bali Process

Please see entry for Euro-Mediterranean Partnership

AT/DE/LU: Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde

BG: лице, на което е предоставена международна закрила

CS: osoba požívající mezinárodní ochrany

EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse saaja

EL: δικαιούχου διεθνούς προστασίας

ES: beneficiario de protección internacional

FI: kansainvälistä suojelua saava

FR/BE/LU: bénéficiaire d'une protection internationale

HU: nemzetközi védelemben részesülő személy

IE: tairbhí den chosaint idirnáisiúnta

IT: beneficiario di protezione internazionale

LT: prieglobstį gavęs asmuo

LV: starptautiskās aizsardzības saņēmējs

MT: Benefiċjarju(-a) tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali

NL/BE: persoon die internationale bescherming geniet

NO: mottaker av internasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b) / mottakar av internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n)

PL: beneficjent ochrony międzynarodowej

PT: beneficiário de protecção internacional

RO: beneficiar al protectiei internationale

SE: person som beviljats internationellt skydd

SI: upravičenec do mednarodne zaščite

SK: osoba s postavením medzinárodnej ochrany (EU acquis) / osoba s udelenou medzinárodnou ochranou

A person who has been granted refugee statusor subsidiary protection status.


Narrower Term: Convention refugee

Related Term: applicant for international protection, person eligible for subsidiary protection

Source:Art. 2(b) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)

A measurable unique, physical characteristic or personal behavioural trait used to recognize the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of a person.

Please see entry for biometric data

AT/DE/LU: Schwarzmeer- synergie

BG: Черноморско сътрудничество

CS: Černomořská synergie

DE: Schwarzmeersynergie

EE: Musta mere sünergia (koostöö)

EL: Συνέργεια του Ευξείνου Πόντου

ES: Sinergia del mar Negro

FI: Mustanmeren synergia

FR/BE/LU: Synergie de la mer Noire

HU: Fekete-tengeri szinergia

IE: Sineirge na Mara Duibhe

IT: Sinergia del Mar Nero

LT: Juodosios jūros sinergija

LV: Melnās jūras reģiona sinerģija

MT: Sinerġija tal-Baħar l-Iswed

NL/BE: Black Sea synergy (no usual translation)

NO: Svartehavssynergien

PL: Synergia Czarnomorska

PT: Sinergia do Mar Negro

RO: Sinergia Marii Negre

SE: Svartahavssynergin

SI: Črnomorska Sinergija

SK: Čiernomorská synergia

An institutionalised forum for EU cooperation encouraging cooperation between the EU and the countries surrounding the Black Sea and for tackling common problems while encouraging political and economic reform.


Broader Term: European Neighbourhood Policy

Related Term: Eastern Partnership, Euro-Mediterranean Partnership

Note:
1.The Black Sea synergy is part of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)of the EU and is intended as a flexible framework complementing existing EU policy, seeking to tackle the significant opportunities and challenges in the Black Sea area that require coordinated action at the regional level in the sectors such as energy, transport, environment, movement and security.
2. A conference between EU and Black Sea Foreign Affairs Ministers in Kiev (Ukraine) in 2008 initiated the synergy.
3. For more information, see: Black Sea synergy – A new regional cooperation initiative, COM(2007) 160 final, 11 April 2007.

Source:Website of the Black Sea synergy

AT/DE/LU: Grenzgebiet, Grenzregion

BG: гранична зона

CS: pohraniční oblast

EE: piiriala

ES: zona fronteriza

FI: raja-alue

FR/BE/LU: zone frontalière

GR: συνοριακή ζώνη

HU: határmenti terület

IE: ceantar teorann

IT: zona di frontiera

LT: pasienio teritorija

LV: pierobeža

MT:  Żona ta' mal-konfini

NL/BE: grensgebied

NO: grenseområde

PL: strefa przygraniczna

PT: zona fronteiriça

RO: zonă de frontieră

SE: gränsområde

SI: obmejno območje

SK: pohraničná oblasť (EU acquis) / prihraničné územie (national law)

An area that extends no more than 30 kilometres from the border.


Related Term: local border traffic , border resident

Note:
Subsequent to Art. 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation), a Member State may specify the local administrative districts that are to be considered part of 'the border area' in a bilateral agreements with its neighbouring third country(s). If part of any such district lies between 30 and 50 kilometres from the border line, it shall nevertheless be considered as part of the border area.

Source:Art. 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation)

AT/DE/LU: Grenzkontrolle

BG: граничен контрол

CS: pohraniční kontrola

EE: piirikontroll

ES: control fronterizo

FI: rajavalvonta

FR/BE/LU: contrôle aux frontières

GR: συνοριακός έλεγχος / έλεγχος των συνόρων

HU: határellenőrzés

IE: rialú teorann

IT: controllo di frontiera

LT: pasienio kontrolė

LV: robežkontrole

MT: Kontroll mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera

NL/BE: grenstoezicht (syn.: grensbewaking, grenscontrole)

NO: grensekontroll

PL: kontrola graniczna

PT: controlo de fronteira

RO: control de frontieră

SE: gränskontroll

SI: nadzor meje

SK: kontrola hraníc

The activity carried out at a border, in accordance with and for the purposes of Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code), in response exclusively to an intention to cross or the act of crossing that border, regardless of any other consideration, consisting of border checks and border surveillance.



Related Terms: European Border Surveillance System, external EU border, internal EU border, irregular entry, legal entry, refusal of entry, schengen borders code

Source:Art. 2(9) of Council Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code)

AT/DE/LU: Grenzübertritt

BG: пресичане на границата

CS: překročení hranice

EE: piiriületus

ES: cruce de frontera

FI: rajanylitys

FR/BE/LU: franchissement de la frontière

GR: συνοριακή διέλευση

HU: határátlépés

IE: trasnú teorann

IT: attraversamento della frontiera

LT: sienos kirtimas

LV: robežšķērsošana

MT: Qsim tal-konfini / tal-fruntiera

NL/BE: grensoverschrijding

NO: grensepassering

PL: przekraczanie granicy

PT: passagem de fronteira

RO: trecerea frontierei

SE: gränspassage

SI: prečkanje meje

SK: prekročenie hranice / prekročenie štátnej hranice

The physical act of crossing a border either at a border crossing point or another point along the border.


Narrower Term: border crossing point

Source: Developed by EMN

AT/DE/LU: Grenzübergang, Grenzübergangsstelle

BG: гранично-пропускателен пункт

CS: hraniční přechod

EE: piiriületuspunkt

ES: paso fronterizo

FI: rajanylityspaikka

FR/BE/LU: point de passage frontalier

GR: σημείο συνοριακής διέλευσης

HU: határátkelőhely

IE: pointe trasnaithe teorann

IT: valico di frontiera

LT: sienos perėjimo punktas

LV: robežšķērsošanas vieta

MT: Il-Punt / Il-Post ta' qsim il-fruntiera/ il-konfini

NL/BE: grensovergang (syn.: grensdoorlaatpost, grenspost)

NO: grensepasseringssted (b) / grensepasseringsstad (n)

PL: przejście graniczne

PT: ponto de passagem fronteiriço

RO: punct de trecere a frontierei

SE: gränsövergångsställe

SI: mejni prehod

SK: hraničný priechod

Any crossing point authorised by the competent authorities for the crossing of external EU borders.


Broader Term: border crossing

Source:Art. 2(8) of Regulation No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code)

AT/DE/LU: Grenzbewohner

BG: граничен жител

CS: obyvatel pohraniční oblasti

EE: piiriala elanik

ES: residente fronterizo

FI: raja-alueen asukas

FR/BE/LU: frontalier

GR: κάτοικος της μεθορίου

HU: határ menti lakos

IE: cónaitheoir teorann

IT: frontaliero

LT: pasienio gyventojas

LV: pierobežas iedzīvotājs

MT: Resident(a) ta' mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera

NL/BE: grensbewoner

NO: grenseboer (b) / grensebuar (n)

PL: mieszkaniec strefy przygranicznej

PT: residente fronteiriço

RO: locuitor din zona de frontieră

SE: gränsboende

SI: obmejni prebivalec

SK: obyvateľ pohraničnej oblasti

In the EU migration context, a third–country nationalwho has been lawfully resident in the border areaof a country neighbouring a Member State for a period specified in a bilateral agreement between a Member State(s) and neighbouring third country, which shall be at least one year.

Related Term:  border area, frontier worker, local border traffic

Source:Art. 3(6) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic Regulation)

The surveillance of borders between border crossing points and the surveillance of border crossing points outside the fixed opening hours, in order to prevent persons from circumventing border checks.

AT/DE/LU: Brain Circulation

BG: cirkulace mozků

CS: cirkulace mozků

EE: oskustööjõu ringlus

ES: circulación de cerebros

FI: aivokierto

FR/BE/LU: circulation des cerveaux

GR: κυκλοφορία εγκεφάλων (είναι μεταφορικό)

HU: there is no widely accepted term: "agykörforgás" is used in some documents

IE: cúrsaíocht daoine oilte

IT: circolazione di cervelli

LT: protų apykaita

LV: kvalificēta darbaspēka aprite

MT: Ċirkolazzjoni ta' mħuħ / ta' nies bi kwalifiki għoljin

NL/BE: mobiliteit van hoogopgeleide personen (syn.: brain circulation)

NO: kunnskapsmobilitet/kunnskapssirkulasjon

PL: cyrkulacja mózgów

PT: circulação de cérebros

RO: circulaţia creierelor

SE: kunskapsspridning

SI: "kroženje možganov"

SK: cirkulácia mozgov

The possibility for developing countries to draw on the skills, know-how and other forms of experience gained by their migrants – whether they have returned to their country of origin or not – and members of their diaspora.


Related Term: brain drain, brain gain, brain waste, circular migration

Source:Annex 5 of Communication on Migration and Development, COM(2005) 390

AT/DE/LU: Brain Gain

BG: привличане на мозъци

CS: příliv mozků

EE: oskustööjõu sissevool

ES: captación de cerebros

FI: aivotuonti

FR/BE/LU: afflux de cerveaux

GR: κέρδος εγκεφάλων (είναι μεταφορικό) -

HU: there is no widely accepted term, several can be used: agyvisszaszívás / tudásnyerés / brain gain

IE: inimirce daoine oilte

IT: acquisizione di cervelli

LT: protų pritraukimas

LV: kvalificēta darbaspēka pieplūdums

MT:  Akkwist / Ksib ta' mħuħ // ta' nies bi kwalifiki għoljin

NL/BE: brain gain

NO: kunnskapsgevinst

PL: No usual translation

PT: brain gain

RO: atragerea creierelor/"brain gain"

SE: No usual translation

SI: "pridobitev možganov"

SK: získavanie mozgov

The benefit to a country as a result of the immigration of a highly qualified person.




Synonym(s): reverse brain drain

Related Term: brain drain, brain waste, brain circulation, circular migration


Note :
This can apply to, for example, a EU Member State receiving a highly qualified migrant, as well as a third-country national returning to their country of origin.

Source:Derived by EMN from the definition of 'brain drain' in the EMN Glossary

The non-recognition of the skills and qualifications acquired by migrants outside of the EU, which prevents them from fully using their potential.

AT/DE/LU: Budapest-Prozess

BG: Будапещенски процес

CS: Budapešťský proces

EE: Budapesti protsess

ES: Proceso de Budapest

FI: Budapestin prosessi

FR/BE/LU: Processus de Budapest

GR: Διαδικασία της Βουδαπέστης

HU: Budapest Folyamat

IE: Próiseas Bhúdaipeist

IT: Processo di Budapest

LT: Budapešto procesas

LV:  Budapeštas process

MT: Proċess (Il-) ta' Budapest

NL/BE: Boedapest proces

NO: Budapest-prosessen

PL: Proces Budapeszteński

PT: Processo de Budapeste

RO: Procesul Budapesta

SE: Budapestprocessen

SI: Budimpeštanski proces

SK: Budapeštiansky proces

A consultative forum of more than 50 governments from the wider European region and ten international organisations, which aims to promote good governance in the field of migration, to develop comprehensive and sustainable systems for orderly migration and to exchange information and best practices on a wide range of migration issues (legal migration,irregular migration, asylum, visa, border management, trafficking in human beingsand smuggling of migrants, readmission and return).



Related Term: Global Approach to Migration and Mobility


Note:
1. The Budapest Process was initiated by DE in 1991.
2. Through this dialogue, the Process promotes a harmonised approach in dealing with irregular migration challenges and support for the transfer and common understanding of migration concepts and policies.
3. For more information see the website of the Budapest Process.

Source: Derived by the EMN from the page describing Budapest Process of the Website of ICMPD and the website of the Budapest Process

AT/DE/LU: Beweislast

BG: тежест на доказване

CS: důkazní břemeno

EE: tõendamiskoormis

ES:  carga de la prueba

FI: todistustaakka

FR/BE/LU: charge de la preuve

GR: υποχρέωση της απόδειξης της βασιμότητας του ισχυρισμού

HU: bizonyítási teher

IE: dualgas cruthúnais

IT: onere della prova

LT: įrodinėjimo pareiga

LV: pierādīšanas pienākums

MT: Piż (Il-) tal-prova / Obbligu (L-) li jinġiebu l-provi

NL/BE: bewijslast

NO: bevisbyrde

PL: ciężar dowodu

PT: ónus da prova

RO: sarcina dovezii

SE: bevisbörda

SI: dokazno breme

SK: dôkazné bremeno

In the global context, a party’s duty to prove a disputed assertion or charge. In the migration context, the duty of a non-national seeking entry into a foreign State to prove that they are entitled to enter and not inadmissible under the laws of that State. In the context of refugee statusdetermination procedures, the duty of the applicant to establish their case, to produce evidence that they have a well-founded fear of persecution.



Note :
1. In refugee status determination procedures, it is the applicant who has the burden of establishing the veracity of their allegations and the accuracy of the facts on which the refugee claim is based. The burden of proof is discharged by the applicant rendering a truthful account of facts relevant to the claim so that, based on the facts, a proper decision may be reached.
2. For further information see UNHCR: Note on Burden and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims, 16 December 1998.

Source:Derived by EMN from the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011

Cannabis is a natural product, the main psychoactive constituent of which is tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) is broadly distributed and grows in temperate and tropical areas. Together with tobacco, alcohol and caffeine, it is one of the most widely consumed drugs throughout the world, and has been used as a drug and a source of fiber since historical times. Herbal cannabis consists of the dried flowering tops and leaves. Cannabis resin is a compressed solid made from the resinous parts of the plant, and cannabis (hash) oil is a solvent extract of cannabis. Cannabis is almost always smoked, often mixed with tobacco. Almost all consumption of herbal cannabis and resin is of illicit material. Some therapeutic benefit as an analgesic has been claimed for cannabis, and dronabinol is a licensed medicine in some countries for the treatment of nausea in cancer chemotherapy. Cannabis products and Δ9-THC are under international control.

AT/DE/LU: Transportunternehmer

BG: превозвач

CS: dopravce

EE: vedaja

ES: operador de transporte

FI: liikenteenharjoittaja

FR/BE/LU: transporteur

GR: μεταφορέας

HU: fuvarozó

IE: iompróir

IT: vettore

LT: vežėjas

LV: pārvadātājs

MT: Operatur tat-trasport

NL/BE: vervoerder

NO: transportør

PL: przewoźnik

PT: transportador

RO: transportator

SE: transportör

SI: prevoznik

SK: dopravca

In relation to conveyance (or transport), the owner or charterer of the conveyance.


Note:
1. A carrier usually refers to an airline, bus or rail company, or cruise line. Under the laws of some States, the term includes any owner of a means of conveyance, which carries a person onto its territory.
2. The definition given in Art. 2(a) of Council Directive 2004/82/EC (API Directive) is more restrictive in that it refers explicitly to passenger transport by air and there is uncertainty as to what 'any natural or legal person' actually refers to, e.g. if this is the owner of the company only.

Source:IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed., 2011

Please see entry for case worker in procedures for international protection

CBRN is an acronym for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear materials that could harm the society through their accidental or deliberate release, dissemination or impacts.

There have not been many terrorist attacks with the usage of CBRN agents or materials. Nevertheless, incidents such as 1987 Goiana accident when mishandling of a radioactive source resulted in 4 deaths and significant contamination of 249 people or the Ebola crisis which since its inception in 2013 led to the death of more than 11.000 persons, show potential scale of the results of CBRN terrorist attack.

CBRN is often used as synonym of the Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), however in some cases such an attack could cause rather panic and significant disruption of economic activity than destruction per se.

Please see entry for Common European Asylum System

Please see entry for third-country national

AT/DE/LU: Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union

BG: Харта на основните права на Европейския съюз

CS: Listina základních práv Evropské unie

EE: Euroopa Liidu põhiõiguste harta

ES: Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea

FI: Euroopan unionin perusoikeuskirja

FR/BE/LU: Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne

GR: Ευρωπαϊκός Χάρτης Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων

HU: Az Európai Unió Alapjogi Chartája

IE: Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh

IT: Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dell'Unione Europea

LT: ES pagrindinių teisių chartija

LV: Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību harta

MT: Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-Unjoni Ewropea

NL/BE: Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie

NO: Den europeiske unions pakt om grunnleggende rettigheter (b) / pakta til Den europeiske unionen om grunnleggjande rettar (n)

PL: Karta Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej

PT: Carta Europeia dos Direitos Fundamentais

RO: Carta Drepturilor Fundamentale a Uniunii Europene

SE: Europeiska unionens stadga om de grundläggande rättigheterna

SI: Listina Evropske Unije o temeljnih pravicah

SK: Charta základných práv Európskej únie

The formal EU document which combines and declares all the values and fundamental rights of individuals (economic and social as well as civil and political) to which Member States are obliged.



Related Term: European Convention on Human Rights, European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, human rights

Note:
1. The Charter was proclaimed in December 2000 and became binding in December 2009 when the Lisbon Treaty came into force.
2. The Charter does not establish new rights, but assembles existing rights that were previously scattered over a range of international sources and thus makes them more visible. The Charter reaffirms, with due regard for the powers and tasks of the Union and for the principle of subsidiarity, the rights as they result, in particular, from the constitutional traditions and international obligations common to the Member States, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Social Charters adopted by the Union and by the Council of Europe and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and of the European Court of Human Rights.
3. For more information, see: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf

Source:Derived by EMN from the European Charter of Fundamental Rights

Every human being below the age of eighteen years, unless majority is attained earlier under the law applicable to the child.

AT/DE/LU: Kinderarbeit

BG: детски труд

CS: dětská práce

EE: lapstööjõu kasutamine

ES: trabajo infantil

FI: lapsityö

FR/BE/LU: travail des enfants

GR: παιδική εργασία

HU: gyerekmunka

IE: fostú leanaí

IT: lavoro infantile

LT: vaikų darbas

LV: bērnu darbs

MT: Tħaddim ta' tfal / ta' minorenni // Sfruttament ta' xogħol it-tfal

NL/BE: kinderarbeid

NO: barnearbeid

PL: praca dzieci

PT: trabalho infantil

RO: munca pentru copii

SE: barnarbete

SI: delo otrok

SK: detská práca

Any work performed by a childwhich deprives them of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and mental development.


Broader Term: child

Related Term: forced labour

Note:
1. The definition does allow for a childto work (e.g. in a shop outside school hours) as long as it does not conflict with the above. It refers to work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children and interferes with their schooling by:

• depriving them of the opportunity to attend school;
• obliging them to leave school prematurely; or
• requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.

2. The ILO Convention No 138 specifies 15 years as the age above which, in normal circumstances, a person may participate in economic activity. According to Art. 32 of the Charter of Fundamentals Rights of the European Union, the employment of children is prohibited. The minimum age of admission to employment may not be lower than the minimum school-leaving age, without prejudice to such rules as may be more favourable to young people and except for limited derogations.
3. Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. The ILO distinguishes between 'child work' and 'child labour', the latter being used to describe the more pejorative part of 'child work', whereas 'child work' in itself could include doing light household chores and, as long as it does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, can actually have some learning value.

Source:Webpage of the ILO International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)

The use of a child for sexual activities where money or any other form of remuneration or consideration is given or promised as payment in exchange for the child engaging in sexual activities, regardless of whether that payment, promise or consideration is made to the child or to a third party

AT/DE/LU: zirkuläre Migration

BG: циркулярна миграция

CS: cirkulární migrace

EE: korduvränne

ES: migración circular

FI: kiertomuutto

FR/BE/LU: migration circulaire

GR: κυκλική μετανάστευση

HU: körkörös migráció

IE: imirce chiorclach

IT: migrazione circolare

LT: apykaitinė migracija

LV: cirkulārā migrācija

MT: Migrazzjoni ċirkolari

NL/BE: circulaire migratie

NO: sirkulær migrasjon

PL: migracja cyrkulacyjna

PT: migração circular

RO: migraţie circulară

SE: cirkulär migration

SI: krožna migracija

SK: okružná migrácia / cirkulárna migrácia

A repetition of legal migrationby the same person between two or more countries.


Related Term: brain drain, brain gain, brain circulation, contract migrant worker, diaspora, mobility Partnership , seasonal worker

Note:
The two main forms of circular migration which could be most relevant in the EU context are:
(1) Circular migration of third-country nationals settled in the EU

This category of circular migration gives people the opportunity to engage in an activity (business, professional, voluntary or other) in their country of origin while retaining their main residence in one of the Member States. This covers various groups, e.g.:

• business persons working in the EU and wishing to start an activity in their country of origin (or in another third country); and
• doctors, professors or other professionals willing to support their country of origin by conducting part of their professional activity there.

(2) Circular migration of persons residing in a third country

Circular migration could create an opportunity for persons residing in a third country to come to the EU temporarily for work, study, training or a combination of these, on the condition that, at the end of the period for which they were granted entry, they must re-establish their main residence and their main activity in their country of origin. Circularity can be enhanced by giving migrants the possibility, once they have returned, to retain some form of privileged mobility to and from the Member States where they were formerly residing, for example in the form of simplified admission/re-entry procedures. This category covers a wide array of situations, spanning the whole spectrum of migrants, including:

• third-country nationals wishing to work temporarily in the EU, e.g. in seasonal employment;
• third-country nationals wishing to study or train in Europe before returning to their country;
• third-country nationals who, after having completed their studies, wish to be employed in the EU (e.g. as trainees) to acquire professional experience which is difficult to obtain at home, before returning;
• third-country researchers wishing to carry out a research project in the EU;
• third-country nationals, who wish to take part in intercultural people-to-people exchanges and other activities in the field of culture, active citizenship, education and youth (such as, for example, training courses, seminars, events, study visits);
• third-country nationals who wish to carry out an unremunerated voluntary service pursuing objectives of general interest in the EU.

Source:Communication on Circular Migration and Mobility Partnerships, COM(2007) 248 final

The fluid movement of people between countries, including temporary or long-term movement that may be beneficial to all involved, if occurring voluntarily and linked to the labour needs of countries of origin and destination.

AT/DE/LU: Staatsangehörigkeit, Staatsbürgerschaft

BG: гражданство

CS: státní občanství

EE: kodakondsus

ES: nacionalidad

FI: kansalaisuus

FR/BE/LU: citoyenneté

GR: ιθαγένεια; υπηκοότητα

HU: állampolgárság

IE: saoránacht

IT: cittadinanza

LT: pilietybė

LV: pilsonība

MT: Ċittadinanza

NL/BE: staatsburgerschap

NO: statsborgerskap (b) / statsborgarskap (n)

PL: obywatelstwo

PT: nacionalidade

RO: cetăţenie

SE: medborgarskap

SI: državljanstvo

SK: štátne občianstvo / štátna príslušnosť

The particular legal bond between an individual and their State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by declaration, choice, marriage or other means according to national legislation.



Synonym(s): nationality

Narrower Term: acquisition of citizenship, dual citizenship, loss of citizenship , union citizen

Related Term: country of nationality , ethnic nationality

Note:
1. Whilst in some Member States a distinction is made between citizenship and nationality, in the EU context and for the purpose of this glossary, no distinction is made and the two terms are considered to be interchangeable. In countries which distinguish between citizenship and nationality, the term citizenship refers specifically to the legal rights and duties of nationals. The European Convention on Nationality, the IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011 and the EUDO Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality prefer the term 'nationality'.
2. According to Art. 1 of the Hague Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Law, 1930, it is for each State to determine under its own laws who are its nationals.
3.The tie of nationality confers individual rights and imposes obligations that a State reserves for its population. Nationality carries with it certain consequences as regards migration, such as the right of a State to protect its nationals against violations of their individual rights committed by foreign authorities (particularly by means of diplomatic protection), the duty to accept its nationals onto its territory, and the prohibition to expel them.

Source:Art. 2(d) ofRegulation (EC) No 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)

AT/DE/LU: Schein- partnerschaft

BG: no translation

CS: účelové partnerství

EE: tsiviilpartnerlus (riigis seadusliku viibimise aluse saamiseks)

EL: εικονικού σχέση συμβίωσης/ σχέση συμβίωσης της εύκολα

ES: unión civil de conveniencia

FI: harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu rekisteröity parisuhde

FR/BE/LU: partenariat civil de complaisance

HU: névleges élettársi kapcsolat

IE: páirtnéireacht shibhialta áise

IT: unione civile fittizia

LT: fiktyvi registruota partnerystė

LV: fiktīvas partnerattiecības

MT: Sħubija / Unjoni ċivili ta’ konvenjenza

NL/BE: schijnpartnerschap

NO: proformapartnerskap (b) / proformapartnarskap (n)

PL: fikcyjny związek partnerski

PT: união de conveniência

RO: parteneriat (civil) de convenienta

SE: skenpartnerskap

SI: partnerska skupnost iz koristoljubja

SK: účelové registrované partnerstvo

A civil partnership contracted for the sole purpose of enabling the person concerned to enter or reside in a Member State.


Related Term: adoption of convenience, false declaration of parenthood, marriage of convenience, partnership of convenience

Source:Derived by EMN from the definition for 'partnership' in Art. 16(2b) of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive)

Law enforcement, crime fighting and counter terrorism (e.g. activities of police and forensics, customs and border control, etc.) and "first responder" tasks (e.g. fire-fighting, ambulance/health-emergency, etc.), as well as the protection of critical infrastructure and utilities.

Please see entry for irregular migrant

Cocaine is a natural product extracted from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca Lam (coca leaves). This tropical shrub is cultivated widely on the Andean ridge in South America and is the only known natural source of cocaine. Normally produced as the hydrochloride salt, it has limited medical use as a topical anaesthetic. The free base, sometimes known as crack, is a smokable form of cocaine. Coca leaves have been used as a stimulant by some indigenous people of South America since historical times. Purified cocaine has been misused as a central nervous system stimulant since the early years of the twentieth century. Cocaine is under international control.

AT/DE/LU: Ausschuss für Einwanderung und Asyl

BG: Комитет по имиграция и убежище

CS: Výbor pro přistěhovalectví a azyl

EE: sisserände- ja varjupaigakomitee

ES: Comité de Inmigración y Asilo (CIA)

FI: Maahanmuutto- ja turvapaikka-asioiden komitea (CIA)

FR/BE/LU: Comité sur l’immigration et l’asile (CIA)

GR: Επιτροπή για τη Μετανάστευση και το Άσυλο

HU: Bevándorlási és Menekültügyi Bizottság

IE: An Coiste um Inimrice agus Thearmann (CIA)

IT: Comitato Immigrazione e Asilo (CIA)

LT: Imigracijos ir prieglobsčio komitetas

LV: Imigrācijas un patvēruma komiteja

MT: Kumitat dwar l-Immigrazzjoni u l-Ażil (KIA)

NL/BE: Comité voor immigratie en asiel (CIA)

NO: Komiteen for innvandrings- og asylspørsmål (CIA)

PL: Komitet ds. Imigracji i Azylu

PT: Comité Imigração e Asilo (CIA)

RO: Comitetul Imigraţie şi Azil (CIA)

SE: kommittén för frågor om invandring och asyl

SI: Odbor za priseljevanje in azil

SK: Výbor pre prisťahovalectvo a azyl / CIA

A European Commission-led expert group aimed at facilitating an informal exchange of views between Member State administrations and the Commission services on political and legal issues related to migration, border and asylum.



Synonym(s): CIA, Immigration and Asylum Committee


Note:
1. Frequently the CIA discusses upcoming legislative or other proposals in order to 'measure the temperature' of Member State feelings before submitting a formal Commission proposal.
2. The CIA is also used as a forum for collecting information on the situation in Member States (via questionnaires) on selected policy-relevant issues and where the Commission can report to Member States on its activities.
3. Participants from Member States are nominated on an ad-hoc basis; normally both 'generalists' from the Permanent Representations and 'specialists' from the capitals are present.Non-governmental organisations ( NGOs) and international organisations such as UNHCR or IOM are sometimes invited to join discussions of the CIA as active observers.
4. For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm

Source: Developed by EMN

Within the context of EU integration policy, a set of (11) simple, non-binding but thoughtful guidelines of basic principles intended to assist EU States in formulating their integration policies. They also serve to:

• give EU States a means by which they can judge and assess their own efforts,
• enable EU States to set priorities and further develop their own measurable goals,
• serve as a basis for EU States to explore how EU, national, regional, and local authorities can interact in the development and implementation of integration policies,
• determine how these policies can best engage other actors involved in integration (for example, social partners, NGOs, women's and migrants' organisations, businesses and other private institutions),
• be complementary and in full synergy with existing legislative frameworks, including the international instruments on Human Rights, Union instruments containing integration provisions, EU objectives on gender equality and non-discrimination and other EU policies,
• assist in structuring the regular dialogue between governments and all other relevant institutions and stakeholders at the EU-level,
• act as a basis for and assist the EU to explore how existing EU-instruments related to integration can be developed further,
• assist the Council to reflect upon and, over time, agree on EU-level mechanisms and policies needed to support national and local-level integration policy efforts, particularly through EU-wide learning and knowledge-sharing."

AT/DE/LU: Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem

BG: Обща европейска система за убежище

CS: Společný evropský azylový systém

EE: ühtne Euroopa varjupaigasüsteem

ES: Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo

FI: Euroopan yhteinen turvapaikkajärjestelmä

FR/BE/LU: régime d'asile européen commun (RAEC)

GR: Κοινό Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Ασύλου (ΚΕΣΑ)

HU: Közös Európai Menekültügyi Rendszer

IE: Comhchóras Tearmainn Eorpach

IT: Sistema europeo comune di asilo

LT: bendra Europos prieglobsčio sistema

LV: Kopējā Eiropas patvēruma sistēma

MT: Sistema Ewropea Komuni għall-Ażil (SEKA)

NL/BE: Gemeenschappelijk Europees Asielstelsel (GEAS)

NO: Det felles europeiske asylsystemet (CEAS)

PL: Wspólny Europejski System Azylowy

PT: Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo

RO: Sistemul European Comun de Azil

SE: gemensamt europeiskt asylsystem

SI: Skupni evropski azilni sistem

SK: Spoločný európsky azylový systém / CEAS

A framework of agreed rules which establish common procedures for international protectionand a uniform status for those who are granted refugee statusor subsidiary protectionbased on the full and inclusive application of the Geneva Conventionand which aims to ensure fair and humane treatment of applicants for international protection, to harmonise asylum systems in the EU and reduce the differences between Member States on the basis of binding legislation, as well as to strengthen practical cooperation between national asylum administrations and the external dimension of asylum.


Synonym(s): CEAS

Related Term: Eurasil, European Asylum Support Office, minimum standards, Lisbon Treaty

Note:
According to Art. 78 of Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union, the Common European Asylum System shall comprise:

1. a uniform status of asylumfor nationals of third countries, valid throughout the Union;
2. a uniform status of subsidiary protectionfor nationals of third countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are in need of international protection;
3. a common system of temporary protectionfor displaced personsin the event of a massive inflow;
4. common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of uniform asylum or subsidiary protection status;
5. criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is responsible for considering an application for asylum or subsidiary protection;
6. standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for asylum or subsidiary protection;
7. partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary or temporary protection.

Source:Derived by EMN from Art. 78 of TFEU

AT/DE/LU: Gemeinsame Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik

BG: достъп до производство за международна закрила

CZ: Společná bezpečnostní a obranná politika

FI: yhteinen turavallisuus-  ja puolustuspolitiikka

FR/BE/LU: politique de sécurité et de défense commune

IE: Comhbheartas Slándála agus Cosanta

HU: közös biztonság- és védelempolitikai műveletek

IT: politica di sicurezza e di difesa comune

LV: Kopējās drošības un aizsardzības politika

PL: Wspólna Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony

SE: Gemensamma säkerhets- och försvarspolitiken (GFSP)

SK: Spoločná bezpečnostná a obranná politika / SBOP

SI: Skupna varnostna in obrambna politika

NO: Felles sikkerhets- og forsvarspolitikk (b) / felles tryggleiks- og forsvarspolitikk

Policy offering a framework for cooperation between EU Member States within which the EU can conduct operational missions with the aim of peace-keeping and strengthening international security in third countries by relying on civil and military assets provided by Member States.

Synonym(s): CSDP

Note:
1. The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) replaces the former European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) and was introduced by the Lisbon Treaty as an integral part of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).
2. As in the preceding Treaties, the CSDP remains a fundamentally intergovernmental issue.
3. The European Agenda on Migration of May 2015 envisages  CSDP operations in the Mediterranean to dismantle traffickers' networks and fight smuggling of migrants in accordance with international law. For further information see the DG HOME official website, webpage on the European Agenda on Migration.

Source: The EU's Common Security and Defence Policy

Please see entry for Common Basic Principles

Please see entry for forced labour

Please see entry for safe country of origin

AT/DE/LU: Vertragsarbeitnehmer

BG: работник мигрант на трудов договор

CS: pracující migrant se smluvním vztahem

EE: lepinguline võõrtöötaja

ES: No translation

FI: maahanmuuttaja, jolla on rajoitettu työnteko-oikeus

FR/BE/LU: travailleur migrant sous contrat

GR: μισθωτός μετανάστης εργαζόμενος / Εργατικός Μετανάστης

HU: szerződéssel rendelkező / szerződéses migráns munkavállaló

IE: oibrí imirceach conartha

IT: lavoratore migrante a contratto

LT: migrantas darbuotojas pagal sutartį

LV: līgumdarbinieks migrants

MT: Migrant ħaddiem b'kuntratt tax-xogħol

NL/BE: buitenlandse contractarbeider

NO: migrant med begrenset arbeidsavtale (b) / migrant med avgrensa arbeidsavtale (n)

PL: migrant / pracownik kontraktowy

PT: trabalhador migrante por conta de outrem

RO: lucrator migrant cu contract

SE: no translation

SI: pogodbeni delavec migrant

SK: pracujúci migrant so zmluvou na dobu určitú

Person working in a country other than their own under contractual arrangements that set limits on the period of employment and on the specific job held by the migrant.

Synonym(s): contract worker

Broader Term: migrant worker

Related Term: circular migration, seasonal worker

Note:
1. Contract migrant workers cannot change jobs without permission granted by the authorities of the receiving state.
2. This full term is not commonly used; 'contract worker', which does not necessarily apply to migrants only, is more common.

Source:OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms

AT/DE/LU: Verfolgungsgründe (nach) der Genfer Konvention, Konventionsgründe

BG: основания за преследване, посочени в Конвенцията за статута на бежанците

CS: důvody pronásledování podle Ženevské úmluvy

EE: Genfi konventsioonis sätestatud tagakiusamise alused

ES: motivos de persecución Convenio de Ginebra de 1951 y Protocolo de 1967

FI: Geneven yleissopimuksen mukaiset vainon perusteet

FR/BE/LU: Motifs de persécution au sens de la Convention de Genève

IE: bonn géarleanúna de réir Choinbhinsiún na Ginéive

IT: cause di persecuzione ex Convenzione di Ginevra

LT: persekiojimo pagrindai pagal Konvenciją

LV: Ženēvas konvencijas noteiktie vajāšanas pamati

MT: Motivi għall-persekuzzjoni skont il-Konvenzjoni

NL/BE: gronden voor vervolging in de zin van het Vluchtelingenverdrag

NO: konvensjonsgrunnene for forfølgelse (b) / konvensjonsgrunnane for forfølging (n)

PT: motivos de perseguição na acepção da Convenção de Genebra

RO: motive de persecutie stabilite de Conventia de la Geneva din 1951

SE: konventionsgrunder för förföljelse

SI: konvencijski razlogi za preganjanje / razlogi za preganjanje po Ženevski konvenciji iz 1951

SK: dôvody prenasledovania podľa Ženevského dohovoru

The five enumerated grounds listed in Art. 1A(2) of the Geneva Refugee Convention of 1951: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion which must be the reason for persecution.


Synonym(s): grounds for persecution, reasons for persecution

Broader Term: persecution

Related Term: Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967, refugee

Note:
1. Not every person who is outside their own country and has a well-founded fear of persecutionis a Convention refugee. One of the conditions for qualification for refugee statuswithin the meaning of Art. 1(A) of the Geneva Conventionis the existence of a causal link between the reasons for persecution, namely race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, and the acts of persecution or the absence of protection against such acts. Persecution based on any other ground will not be considered. The risk of being persecuted may sometimes arise in circumstances where two or more Convention grounds combine in the same person, in which case the combination of such grounds defines the causal connection to the well-founded fear of being persecuted.
2.The following definitions come into play when States attempt to determine who is and who is not a refugee:

• race is used in the broadest sense and includes ethnic and social groups of common descent;
• religion also has a broad meaning, including identification with a group that tends to share common traditions or beliefs, as well as the active practice of religion;
• nationality includes an individual’s citizenship. Persecution of ethnic, linguistic and cultural groups within a population also may be termed persecution based on nationality;
• a particular social group refers to people who share a similar background, habits or social status. This category often overlaps with persecution based on one of the other four grounds. It has applied to families of capitalists, landowners, homosexuals, entrepreneurs and former members of the military;
• political opinion refers to ideas not tolerated by the authorities, including opinions critical of government policies and methods. It includes opinions attributed to individuals even if the individual does not in fact hold that opinion. Individuals who conceal their political opinions until after they have fled their countries may qualify for refugee status if they can show that their views are likely to subject them to persecution if they return home.

Source:Derived by EMN from Art. 1A(2) of the Geneva Refugee Convention of 1951

Please see entry for Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967

AT/DE/LU: Konventionsflüchtling

BG: бежанец съгласно Конвенцията за статута на бежанците от 1951 г.

CS: azylant/uprchlík podle Úmluvy

EE: konventsioonipagulane

ES: refugiado (en términos de la Convención de Ginebra)

FI: Geneven yleissopimuksen mukainen pakolainen

FR/BE/LU: réfugié au sens de la Convention de Genève

GR: πρόσφυγας (σύμφωνα με την συνθήκη της Γενέυης)

HU: konvenciós menekült

IE: dídeanaí Coinbhinsiúin

IT: rifugiato ex Convenzione di Ginevra

LT: pabėgėlis pagal Konvenciją

LV: bēglis Ženēvas konvencijas izpratnē

MT: Rifuġjat(a) skont il-Konvenzjoni ta' Ġinevra

NL/BE: verdragsvluchteling

NO: konvensjonsflyktning

PL: uchodźca konwencyjny

PT: refugiado (na acepção da Convenção de Genebra de 1951 relativa aos refugiados)

RO: refugiat în baza convenţiei de la Geneva

SE: konventionsflykting

SI: konvencijski begunec /begunec po Ženevski konvenciji

SK: utečenec podľa Ženevského dohovoru

Person recognised as a refugeeby States under the criteria in Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951, and entitled to the enjoyment of a variety of rights under that Convention.


Synonym(s): recognised refugee

Broader Term: beneficiary of international protection , refugee

Related Term: mandate refugee,  refugee status , relocation

Source:UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology

Please see entry for Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development

The abuse of power for private gain (in both the public and the private sector).

Please see entry for Cotonou Agreement

Please see entry for country of origin information

AT/DE/LU: Zielland

BG: страна на дестинация

CS: cílová země

EE: sihtriik

ES: país de destino

FI: kohdemaa

FR/BE/LU: pays de destination

GR: χώρα προορισμού

HU: célország

IE: tír cheann scríbe (iolra: tíortha ceann scríbe)

IT: paese di destinazione

LT: tikslo valstybė

LV: mērķa valsts

MT: Pajjiż fid-destinazzjoni

NL/BE: land van bestemming

NO: destinasjonsland

PL: kraj docelowy

PT: país de destino

RO: ţara de destinaţie

SE: destinationsland

SI: ciljna država

SK: cieľová krajina

The country that is a destination for migratory flows(regular or irregular).


Related Term: country of origin, country of transit

Source:IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed. 2011

Country in which a refugee or asylum seeker arrives and in which he/she finds, is deemed to have found or might have found protection from persecution, protection of his/her rights as a refugee, including non-refoulement, and the opportunity for a durable solution in accordance with applicable standards of international law.

AT/DE/LU: Herkunftsland, Herkunftsstaat

BG: страна на произход

CS: země původu

EE: päritoluriik

ES: país de origen

FI: alkuperämaa/lähtömaa

FR/BE/LU: pays d'origine

GR: χώρα προέλευσης

HU: származási ország

IE: tír bhunaidh

IT: paese di origine

LT: kilmės valstybė

LV: izcelsmes valsts

MT: Pajjiż tal-oriġini

NL/BE: land van herkomst

NO: opprinnelseslandd (b) / opphavsland (n)

PL: kraj pochodzenia

PT: país de origem

RO: ţara de origine

SE: ursprungsland

SI: izvorna država

SK: krajina pôvodu

The country of nationalityor, for stateless persons, of former habitual residence.


Narrower Term: country of origin information, safe country of origin

Related Term: country of birth, country of nationality

Note:
A person may have more than one country of origin.

Source:Art. 2(n) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)

AT/DE/LU: Herkunftsländerinformation (EU acquis, DE, LU)

BG: информация за страни на произход

CS: informace o zemích původu

EE: päritoluriigi info

ES: información del país de origen

FI: alkuperämaita koskeva tieto/lähtömaatieto

FR/BE/LU: information sur le pays d’origine

GR: πληροφορίες για τις χώρες καταγωγής

HU: származási országinformáció

IE: eolas faoin tír bhunaidh

IT: informazioni sul paese di origine

LT: informacija apie kilmės valstybę

LV: izcelsmes valsts informācija

MT: Informazzjoni dwar il-pajjiż tal-oriġini

NL/BE: landeninformatie

NO: landinformasjon

PL: informacje o kraju pochodzenia

PT: informação sobre países de origem

RO: informaţii din ţara de origine

SE: landinformation

SI: podatki o izvorni državi

SK: informácie o krajine pôvodu

Information used by the Member States authorities to analyse the socio-political situation in countries of origin of applicants for international protection(and, where necessary, in countries through which they have transited) in the assessment, carried out on an individual basis, of an application for international protection.



Synonym(s): COI, country information

Broader Term: country of origin

Related Term: European Asylum Support Office

Note:
1. All relevant facts as they relate to the country of origin at the time of taking a decision on the application are used. The relevant facts are obtained from various sources, such as the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), UNHCRand relevant international human rightsorganisations, general public sources such as reports from (inter)national organisations, governmental and non-governmental organisations, media, bi-lateral contacts in countries of origin, embassy reports including the laws and regulations of the country of origin and the manner in which they are applied.
2. The information used by the Member States authorities is made available to the personnel responsible for examining applications and taking decisions.
3. This information is also used inter alia for taking decisions on other migration issues, e.g. on return, as well as by researchers.
4. According to Art. 4 of Council Regulation (EU) No 439/2010,  EASO has taken over responsibility for collecting, preparing, analysing and disseminating this information. For more information, see and the website of EASO.

Source:Derived by EMN from Annex C of COM(2006) 67 final, Art. 4 (3a) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Art. 10 (3b) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)

AT/DE/LU: Rückkehrland

BG: страна на връщане

CS: země návratu

EE: vastuvõttev riik

ES: país de retorno

FI: paluumaa

FR/BE/LU: pays de retour

GR: χώρα επιστροφής

HU: visszatérési ország

IE: tír fhillidh

IT: paese di ritorno

LT: valstybė, į kurią grįžta

LV: atgriešanas valsts (EU acquis) / izraidīšanas valsts (national)

MT: Pajjiż fejn wieħed jirritorna /fejn w. imur lura

NL/BE: terugkeerland

NO: returland

PL: kraj powrotu

PT: país de retorno

RO: ţara de returnare

SE: återvändandeland

SI: država povratka/vrnitve

SK: krajina návratu

In the EU context, a third countryto which a third-country nationalreturns.


Related Term: country of origin, country of transit

Note:
1. This is not defined in legal terms.
2. In most cases, it is the country of originto which a return is made, but this definition is used here in order to indicate other (possible) destinations, e.g. country of transitor another third country.

Source:EMN: Return migration, 2007

The country through which migratory flows (regular or irregular) move. This is taken to mean the country (or countries), different from the country of origin, through which a migrant passes in order to enter a country of destination.

AT/DE/LU: Glaubwürdigkeitsprü-fung, Prüfung der Glaubwürdigkeit

BG: оценка на достоверността

CS: posouzení věrohodnosti

DE: Glaubwürdigkeitsprüfung

EE: usaldusväärsuse (usutavuse) hindamine

EL: αξιολόγηση της αξιοπιστίας

ES: evaluación de la credibilidad

FI: uskottavuusarviointi

FR/BE/LU: évaluation de la crédibilité

HU: szavahihetőség értékelése

IE: measúnú creidiúnachta

IT: valutazione di credibilità

LT: patikimumo vertinimas

LV: ticamības novērtējums

MT: Evalwazzjoni tal-kredibilità

NL/BE: beoordeling van de geloofwaardigheid

NO: vurdering av troverdighet (b) / vurdering av truverd (n)

PL: ocena wiarygodności

PT: avaliação da credibilidade

RO: evaluarea credibilitatii

SE: trovärdighetsbedömning

SI: ocena zanesljivosti

SK: preukazovanie dôveryhodnosti

The process of gathering relevant information from the applicant, examining it in the light of all the information available to the case worker, for the purpose of the determination of qualification for refugee statusand/or subsidiary protection status.


Related Term: real risk of suffering serious harm, well-founded fear of persecution

Note:
1. The credibility assessment is also a step taken in adjudicating an application for a visa or other immigration status, in order to determine whether the information presented by the applicant is consistent and believable (see IOM definition of 'credibility assessment', IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011)
2. Credibility is established where the applicant has presented a claim which is coherent and plausible, not contradicting generally known facts, and therefore is, on balance, capable of being believed.

Source:UNHCR: Beyond proof - credibility assessment in EU asylum systems, 2013

Any economic advantage from criminal offences. It may consist of any form of property, whether corporeal or incorporeal, movable or immovable, and legal documents or instruments evidencing title to or interest in such property.

CIWIN is a protected public internet-based information and communication system, offering recognised members of the EU’s critical infrastructure protection community the opportunity to exchange and discuss CIP-related information, studies and good practices across multiple sectors.

AT/DE/LU: Grenzgänger

BG: трансграничен работник

CS: přeshraniční pracovník; příhraniční pracovník

EE: piiriülene töötaja

EL: διασυνοριακής εργαζομένων

ES: trabajador transfronterizo

FI: rajatyöntekijä

FR/BE/LU: travailleur transfrontalier

HU: határ menti ingázó munkavállaló

IE: oibrí trasteorann

IT: lavoratore frontaliero

LT: darbuotojas, kertantis vidaus sienas

LV: pārrobežu darba ņēmējs

MT: Ħaddiem transkonfinali / jaqsam fruntiera

NL/BE: grensarbeider

NO: grensependler (b) / grensependlar (n)

PL: pracownik transgraniczny

PT: trabalhador transfronteiriço

RO: lucrator transfrontalier

SE: gränsarbetare

SI: čezmejni delavec

SK: cezhraničný pracovník

A person who works as an employee or self-employed person in one Member State but is recognised as residing in another (neighbouring) Member State.


Synonym(s): cross-border commuter

Related Term: frontier worker

Note:
1. In dealing with cross-border issues a multitude of definitions for the term 'cross-border worker/commuter' exists.
2. The concept of cross-border workers covers different circumstances, depending on whether one takes the Community meaning (set out, in particular, in connection with social security) or the various definitions included in bilateral double-taxation agreements.
3. Where tax is concerned, bilateral double-taxation agreements determining the tax arrangements applicable to frontier workers use more restrictive definitions which additionally impose a spatial criterion: the fact of living and working in a frontier zone.
4. Often 'cross-border workers' and 'frontier workers' are considered as synonyms. However, cross-border workers are distinct from frontier workers to the extent that they do not necessarily work in the frontier zone of the host country.

Source:Derived by EMN from the definition of 'cross-border workers' by DG Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAXUD)

AT/DE/LU: rohe Netto-Migrationsrate

BG: общ коефициент на нетна миграция

CS: hrubá míra migračního salda

EE: rändesaldo määr

ES: tasa neta de migración

FI: nettomaahanmuutto tuhatta henkeä kohden

FR/BE/LU:  taux brut de solde migratoire

GR: το ποσοστό της καθαρής μετανάστευσης

HU: nemzetközi migráció nettó különbözete

IE: garbhráta glanimirce

IT: tasso grezzo di migrazione netta

LT: neto migracija tūkstančiui gyventojų

LV: migrācijas saldo vispārīgais koeficients

MT: Rata bejn wieħed u ieħor ta’ migrazzjoni netta // Rata netta ta’ migrazzjoni

NL/BE: bruto cijfer migratiesaldo

NO: summarisk nettomigrasjonsrate

PL: współczynnik salda migracji

PT: taxa bruta do saldo migratório

RO: ata brută de migraţie

SE: flyttningsnetto

SI: splošna stopnja neto migracije

SK: hrubá miera čistej migrácie / hrubá miera migračného salda

The ratio of net migration plus adjustment during the year to the average population in that year.


Related Term: migration flow, net migration, population stock, total migration

Note:
The value is expressed per 1,000 inhabitants. The crude rate of net migration is equal to the difference between the crude rate of increase and the crude rate of natural increase (that is, net migration is considered as the part of population change not attributable to births and deaths). It is calculated in this way because immigration or emigration flows are either unknown or the figures are not sufficiently precise.

Source:Eurostat's Concepts and Definitions Database

AT/DE/LU:  kulturelle Vielfalt

BG: културно многообразие

CS: kulturní diverzita

EE: kultuuriline mitmekesisus

ES: diversidad cultural

FI: kulttuurinen moninaisuus/diversiteetti

FR/BE/LU: diversité culturelle

GR: πολιτιστική ποικιλομορφία

HU: kulturális sokféleség

IE: ilchineálacht chultúrtha

IT: diversità culturale

LT: kultūrinė įvairovė

LV: kultūras daudzveidība

MT: Diversità kulturali

NL/BE: culturele diversiteit

NO: kulturelt mangfold (b) / kulturelt mangfald (n)

PL: różnorodność kulturowa

PT: diversidade cultural

RO: diversitate culturală

SE: kulturell mångfald

SI: kulturna raznolikost

SK: kultúrna rozmanitosť / kultúrna diverzita

The diversity of forms of culture in a society composed of groups of people from many different cultural backgrounds.


Related Term: cultural pluralism

Note:
1. The UNESCO Declaration on Cultural Diversity reflects the diverse and pluralist understanding of culture and defines cultural diversity in Art. 1 as follows: 'Diverse forms of culture across time and space which is embodied in the uniqueness and plurality of the identities of the groups and societies making up humankind and is a source of exchange, innovation and creativity.' The scope and definition agreed on in the UNESCO declaration were partly retained in the 2005 UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity (UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression), the successive legally binding Convention, which is a landmark agreement in modern international law of culture and which sets out common rules, principles and points of reference for cultural diversity at the global level.
2. On 18 December 2006, the European Community ratified the UNESCO Convention. Preserving and promoting cultural diversity are among the Community’s founding principles: they are enshrined in the Treaty, under Art. 151, and in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, under Art. 22.3.

Source: Developed by EMN

AT/DE/LU: Kultur

BG: култура

CS: kultura

EE: kultuur

ES: cultura

FI: kulttuuri

FR/BE/LU: culture

GR: πολιτισμός; κουλτούρα

HU: kultúra

IE: cultúr

IT: cultura

LT: kultūra

LV: kultūra

MT: Kultura

NL/BE: cultuur

NO: kultur

PL: kultura

PT: cultura

RO: cultura

SE: kultur

SI: kultura

SK: kultúra

The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or a social group encompassing, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.


Related Term: cultural pluralism

Source:Derived by EMN from the definition in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity

Attacks against information systems, for instance the illegal access to information systems, illegal system interference, illegal data interference or illegal interception of transmissions of computer data, including the use of tools to commit those offences, including a computer programme, passwords or botnets.

Characteristics or information, usually numerical, that are collected through observation.

A logical collection of information that is interrelated and that is managed and stored as a unit, for example in the same computer file. The terms database and data set are often used interchangeably.

AT/DE/LU: De-facto-Flüchtling

BG: no translation

CS: poživatel doplňkové ochrany

EE: de facto pagulane

ES: refugiado de facto

FI: tosiasiallinen pakolainen/de facto -pakolainen

FR/BE/LU: réfugié de facto

GR: de facto πρόσφυγας

HU: de facto menekült

IE: dídeanaí de facto

IT: rifugiato de facto

LT: de facto pabėgėlis

LV: de facto bēglis

MT: Rifuġjat(a) de facto

NL/BE: de facto vluchteling

NO: de facto-flyktning

PL: uchodźca de facto

PT: refugiado de facto

RO: refugiat de facto

SE: de facto-flykting

SI: de facto begunec

SK: utečenec de facto

Person not recognised as a refugee(within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Convention of 1951and Protocol of 1967) and who is unable or, for reasons recognised as valid, unwilling to return to their country of originor country of nationalityor, if they have no nationality, to the country of their habitual residence.


Broader Term: refugee

Related Term: displaced person, humanitarian protection, person eligible for subsidiary protection

Note:
1. This term is not defined in legal terms in the Member States.
2. In DE, this refers to a person who has not applied for asylum or whose asylum application has been rejected, but whose removal has been suspended due to concrete danger of life, body or freedom. For example, a person’s stay will be tolerated in DE on grounds of humanitarian law.

Source:Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd. ed., 2011

Please see entry for case worker in procedures for international protection

Refers to introducing the possibility or policy of closing a criminal case without proceeding towards punishment, for example as the case is considered ‘minor’ or prosecution is ‘not in the public interest’.

Please see entry for removal

Please see entry for removal order

A person in detention.

AT/DE/LU: Abschiebungshaft 

BG: задържане

CS: zajištění

EE: kinnipidamine

EL: κράτηση (διοικητική)

ES: internamiento

FI: säilöönotto

FR/BE/LU: rétention 

GR: Κράτηση (Διοικητική)

HU: őrizet

IE: coinneáil

IT: trattenimento

LT: sulaikymas

LV: aizturēšana

MT: Detenzjoni

NL/BE: detentie; vreemdelingenbewaring (in context of return)

NO: forvaring

PL: detencja/zatrzymanie

PT: detenção

RO: custodie publică

SE: förvar

SI: omejitev gibanja / pripor

SK: zaistenie