| 8 h |
Office |
Linear fluorescent and CFLs (LEDs for task lights) |
Ceiling fixtures: minimum 1.50 m
Task light: minimum 20 cm |
Distributed large
surface light sources
(Except for task
lights) |
500 lx (general
lighting)
[up to 1,000 lx for architects and designers working posts] |
UVR: Unlikely (1)
Blue light: Possible (2)
Thermal: None |
8 h (for workers)
1-2h for customers on average |
Supermarkets/ general stores |
Linear fluorescent and CFLs for general lighting
LEDs and low power metal halide lamps (spots) for accentuation lighting |
Ceiling fixtures: minimum 2 m
Accentuation lighting: variable distance |
Distributed, large surface light sources for general lighting
Spots and projectors for accentuation lighting |
750 lx (general lighting)
Accentuation lighting
can use high
brightness spots
(>20,000 cd/m2) |
UVR: Unlikely (1)
Blue light: Possible (2)
Thermal: None |
½-3 h for performers,
presenters etc. |
TV studios |
Linear fluorescent and CFLs for general lighting
LEDs and halide lamps projectors |
Ceiling fixtures: minimum 2-3 m
Projectors: 3-4 m but close to the line of sight |
Distributed, large
surface light sources
for general lighting
Projectors with white
or/and coloured light |
TV-studios: about
520 lx at 90 cm from
floor
High brightness
projectors spotting
using metal halide
lamps the stage
(>20,000 cd/m2) |
(retinal damage)
UVR: Unlikely (1)
Blue light: Possible (2)
Thermal: None
Glare from bright head lights may indirectly induce risks |
| ½ to 1 ½h |
Night reading |
CFLs, LEDs,
incandescent |
Minimum distance between 20 and 50cm |
Unique lamp with
protection, directional
lights (spots) |
Variable, on average
100 lx on the book is
an indicative value |
UVR: Unlikely (1)
Blue light: Possible (2), (3)
Thermal: None |
| 6-8 h |
Kindergarden, schools |
Linear fluorescent
CFLs and LEDs for
general lighting
Spots (incandescent,
LEDs) |
Ceiling fixtures:
minimum 2.5-3.0 m |
Distributed, large
surface light sources
for general lighting
Spots for specific
area lighting |
200-500 lx |
UVR: Unlikely (1)
Blue light: Possible (2), (4)
Thermal: None |
| 1-5 min |
Night drivers |
High beams from car
in the opposite direction
Discharge lamps,
LEDs (in the future) |
Distance varies from 100 m to less than 5m (car crossing situation). Truck drivers are more
exposed due to high position relative to the road surface |
Projectors with very high brightness |
N/A |
UVR: Unlikely (1)
Blue light: Unlikely
(2), (4)
Thermal: None
Glare from bright head lights may induce accident |
