Planuri multianuale

Gestionarea pescuitului

Planurile multianuale stabilesc obiective exacte cu privire la gestionarea durabilă a anumitor stocuri de peşte, indicând, în acelaşi timp, modalităţile prin care acestea pot fi atinse. Scopul lor este să menţină exploatarea piscicolă la un nivel care să permită un randament maxim pe termen lung (concept cunoscut sub numele de „randament maxim durabil”) şi refacerea stocurilor supraexploatate. Fiecare plan multianual este bazat pe o normă de control al exploatării creată special pentru sectorul piscicol în cauză. Este vorba despre o formulă matematică simplă, care transformă date ştiinţifice cuantificabile în propuneri de capturi şi de limite ale efortului de pescuit pentru anul următor.

În general, variaţiile anuale ale capturilor totale admisibile şi ale limitelor efortului de pescuit nu trebuie să depăşească un anumit procent. Fac excepţie stocurile de peşte aflate sub presiune extremă. Astfel, planurile conferă mai multă stabilitate sectorului pescuitului şi le permit operatorilor să-şi facă planuri din timp.

Commission's proposals on establishing multi-annual plans

On 3 August 2016 the Commission proposed a multi-annual plan for demersal fish stocks in the North Sea. The proposal covers demersal fish stocks, i.e. fish that live and feed near the bottom of the sea, and aims to ensure that stocks are fished at sustainable levels. It will also bring decision-making closer to fishermen. The new North Sea plan is the first comprehensive plan for this sea basin. It is the second multi-annual plan adopted in line with the reformed Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) that came into force in January 2014.

In February 2017 the Commission proposed a multi-annual plan for small pelagic stocks in the Adriatic Sea.

In March 2018 the Commission proposed a multi-annual plan for the fisheries exploiting demersal stocks in the western Mediterranean Sea and a multi-annual plan for fish stocks in the western waters.

Proposals for Regulations of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing multi-annual plans for the management of demersal fisheries in western EU waters

1. Recovery plan for cod: North Sea, Kattegat, Skagerrak, the eastern Channel, Irish Sea and West of Scotland

Agreed: February 2004, revised November 2008.

Areas covered: ICES III, IV, VIa, VIIa and VIId.

Target: originally, to increase the quantities of mature fish to sustainable levels; now, to reduce fishing mortality to rate which can maximise long-term sustainable yield. Initial fishing mortality target rate is set at 0.4. Rate of year-on-year changes in TAC varies with level of stock.

Special conditions: incentives for Member States to reduce discards and establish cod-avoidance programmes.

Council Regulation (EC) No 423/2004 of 26 February 2004

Council Regulation (EC) No 1342/2008 of 18 December 2008

Council Regulation (EU) No 1243/2012 of 19 December 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 1342/2008 establishing a long-term plan for cod stocks and the fisheries exploiting those stocks

2. Recovery plan for Northern hake

Agreed: April 2004.

Areas covered: Kattegat, Skagerrak, North Sea, the Channel, West of Scotland, all around Ireland and Bay of Biscay.

Target: increase the quantities of mature fish in the Northern hake stock to at least 140 000 tonnes.

Council Regulation (EC) No 811/2004 of 21 April 2004

3. Recovery plan for Southern hake and Norway lobster

Agreed: 20 December 2005.

Areas covered: Cantabrian Sea and Western Iberian Peninsula.

Target: increase the spawning stock biomass of Southern hake to 35 000 tonnes for two consecutive years. For Norway lobster, rebuild stocks to within safe biological limits.

Council Regulation (EC) No 2166/2005 of 20 December 2005

4. Multi-annual plan for sole, Bay of Biscay

Agreed: 23 February 2006.

Areas covered: Bay of Biscay (ICES VIIIa and VIIIb).

Target: bring spawning stock biomass to above the precautionary level of 13 000 tonnes in 2008.

Specific conditions: vessels catching more than 2 000 kg of sole per year will require a special permit. A ceiling is set of 100 kg of sole per sea trip.

Council Regulation (EC) No 388/2006 of 23 February 2006

5. Multi-annual plan for sole, Western Channel

Agreed: 7 May 2007.

Areas covered: Western Channel (ICES VIIe).

Target: reduce fishing mortality rate by 20 % compared to the average of 2003-2005 or achieve a fishing mortality rate of 0.27 for appropriate age groups – whichever is the higher.

Council Regulation (EC) No 509/2007 of 7 May 2007

6. Multi-annual plan for sole and plaice, North Sea

Agreed: 11 June 2007.

Area covered: North Sea.

Target: ensure precautionary biomass for plaice of 230 000 tonnes and for sole of 35 000 tonnes by gradually reducing fishing mortality on sole from its current level of 0.35 to 0.2 and on plaice from 0.58 to 0.3.

Council Regulation (EC) No 676/2007 of 11 June 2007

7. Measures for the recovery of eel

Agreed: 18 September 2007.

Area covered: EU estuaries and rivers that flow into seas in ICES areas III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX and the Mediterranean.

Target: national eel management plans should enable at least 40 % of the level of adult eels, which in the absence of fishing and other human activity would migrate, to be able to escape to the sea to spawn.

Council Regulation (EC) No 1100/2007 of 18 September 2007

List of national eel management plans

8. Multi-annual plan for cod, Baltic

Agreed: 18 September 2007.

Area covered: ICES SD 22-32.

Target: ensure sustainable exploitation by gradually reducing and maintaining mortality rates no lower than 0.6 for cod between 3 and 6 years in the Western Baltic and 0.3 for cod between 4 and 7 years in the Eastern Baltic.

Special conditions: exclusion of small-scale vessels below 8m. Flexibility for effort management for small-scale vessels between 8 and 12 metres in length.

Council Regulation (EC) No 1098/2007 of 18 September 2007

9. Long-term plan for West of Scotland herring

Agreed: 18 December 2008.

Area covered: international and EU waters in ICES zones Vb and VIb, and the northern part of ICES zone VIa excluding the Clyde.

Target: to reduce fishing mortality to rate which can maximise long-term sustainable yield. Target fishing mortality rate of 0.25 when stock is over 75 000 tonnes, and 0.2 when stock is between 75 000 and 50 000 tonnes. Closure triggered when stock falls below 50 000 tonnes. Rate of year-on-year changes in TAC varies with level of stock.

Council Regulation (EC) No 1300/2008 of 18 December 2008