Inflation in the euro area

Data from November 2018 – extracted on 17 December 2018.

Next planned article update: 4 January 2019.

Highlights

Euro area annual inflation was 1.9 % in November 2018, down from 2.2 % in October 2018.

Figure 1: Euro area annual inflation and its main components (%), January 2008 - November 2018
Source: Eurostat (prc_hicp_manr)

The figures presented are early estimates of euro area inflation.

Full article

Euro area annual inflation rate and its main components

Euro area annual inflation was 1.9 % in November 2018, down from 2.2 % in October 2018.

Looking at the main components of euro area inflation, energy had the highest annual rate in November (9.1 %, compared with 10.7 % in October), followed by food, alcohol & tobacco (1.9 %, compared with 2.2 % in October), services (1.3 %, compared with 1.5 % in October) and non-energy industrial goods (0.4 %, stable compared with October).

Table 1: Euro area annual inflation and its main components (%), 2018, November 2017 and June-November 2018
Source: Eurostat (prc_hicp_manr)

Figure 1: Euro area annual inflation and its main components (%), January 2008-November 2018)
Source: Eurostat (prc_hicp_manr)

Figure 2: Euro area annual inflation and its main components (%), November 2016-November 2018
Source: Eurostat (prc_hicp_manr)

Flash estimate and full HICP data

The euro area inflation flash estimate is issued on the last day of each reference month or shortly after. It is computed from preliminary data provided to Eurostat by all euro area Member States. When the full set of harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICP) is released around the middle of each month following the reference month, preliminary data are replaced by the final Member States figures. Table 2 compares the flash estimate and the final HICP annual rates for the same reference month. The table represents data at the time of the first publication, without any consequent reviews. This table is updated once a month, with the release of the full data.

Table 2: Flash estimates and HICP annual rates (unrevised) for the all-items and main components November 2017-November 2018
Source: Eurostat (prc_hicp_fp)

Main components of inflation

Each of the main components contributes in varying degree to the headline inflation in the euro area. In terms of weights for 2018, 100 % for the headline HICP, services is the largest component, accounting for around 44.4 % of household monetary consumption expenditure in the euro area. It is followed by non-energy industrial goods with around 26.3 %.

Food, alcohol & tobacco and energy account for 19.6 % and 9.7 %, respectively. Together, they comprise less than one third of euro area expenditure, but they can have significant impacts on the headline inflation as their prices tend to fluctuate significantly more than the other components'.

The weights of the main components for of the euro area for 2018 are presented in Figure 3. Table 3 shows their relative weights for 2018.

Figure 3: Weights of the main components of the euro area HICP (2018)
Source: Eurostat (prc_hicp_inw)

Table 3: Relative weights of the HICP main components (%) (2018)
Source: Eurostat (prc_hicp_inw)

The breakdown of the HICP into four main components does not follow the standard COICOP classification, but groups items from different expenditure classes into four broad product categories. For further details on the composition/sub-indices, please see Eurostat's COICOP/HICP classification.

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Data visualisation

Inflation dashboard

Harmonised indices of consumer prices (ESMS metadata file - prc_hicp_esms)
COICOP/HICP classification - COICOP/HICP classification