Trips of EU residents - annual data (tour_dem)

National Reference Metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS)

Compiling agency: Statistics Estonia


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Metadata update
3. Statistical presentation
4. Unit of measure
5. Reference Period
6. Institutional Mandate
7. Confidentiality
8. Release policy
9. Frequency of dissemination
10. Accessibility and clarity
11. Quality management
12. Relevance
13. Accuracy
14. Timeliness and punctuality
15. Coherence and comparability
16. Cost and Burden
17. Data revision
18. Statistical processing
19. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)
 



For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support

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1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation

Statistics Estonia
1.2. Contact organisation unit

Population and Social Statistics Department
1.5. Contact mail address

Tatari 51, Tallinn, Estonia 10134


2. Metadata update Top
2.1. Metadata last certified

26 September 2024
2.2. Metadata last posted

26 September 2024
2.3. Metadata last update

26 September 2024


3. Statistical presentation Top
3.1. Data description
  • Overnight domestic trips of Estonian residents by main purpose of trip, by primary destination and by duration of trip;
  • Number of nights of Estonian residents spent on domestic trips by main type of accommodation;
  • Expenditure on an overnight domestic trip of Estonian residents by purpose of trip;
  • Outbound overnight trips of Estonian residents by main purpose of trip, by country of destination and by duration of trip;
  • Number of nights of Estonian residents spent on outbound trips by type of accommodation;
  • Expenditure on an outbound overnight trip of Estonian residents by main purpose of trip.

Travelling of Estonian residents is a monthly survey which collects information on trips made by Estonian residents, their numbers and characteristics. Information about overnight outbound trips which ended in the 2 previous months and overnight domestic trips which ended in the previous month are collected on a monthly basis. For data collection VVIS software is used.

 
3.2. Classification system

Not applicable.
3.3. Coverage - sector

National tourism: domestic tourism and outbound tourism (trips made by residents of the reporting country).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
3.4.1 Statistical concepts and definitions

See Regulation 692/2011, Delegated Regulation 2019/1681 and Methodological Manual for Tourism Statistics
3.4.2 Additional comments (e.g. country-specific deviations)
3.5. Statistical unit
3.5.1 Statistical unit 

Participation in tourism: the individual
Tourism trips: the tourism trip with at least one overnight stay made by the individual.
Same-day visits: the SDV made by the individual.
3.5.2 Reporting unit One person in the selected household (within the age scope)
3.5.3 If other or additional comments, please specify
3.6. Statistical population
3.6.1 Statistical population

Participation in tourism: All residents aged 15 or over

Tourism trips: All tourism trips of at least one overnight stay made outside the usual environment by the residents aged 15 or over.

 Same-day visits: All SDV made outside the usual environment by the residents aged 15 or over.
3.6.2 Additional comments (e.g. deviating coverage in terms of age groups, multiple surveys with different subpopulation, inclusion of domestic same-day visits in years where this is not compulsory)

Target population covers permanent residents of Estonia aged 15 years and older, excluding persons staying in institutions on a long-term basis (at least a year).
3.7. Reference area

Entire territory of Estonia.
3.8. Coverage - Time

Coverage - Time [data comparable since (YYYY)]

3.8.1 Participation in tourism (Year)

2006
3.8.2 Tourism trips (Year)

2006
3.8.3 Same-day visits (outbound) (Year)

2006
3.8.4 Same-day visits (domestic) (Year)

2006
3.8.5 Additional comments (e.g. longer series for subgroups)
3.9. Base period

Not applicable.


4. Unit of measure Top

Not applicable.


5. Reference Period Top

2023


6. Institutional Mandate Top
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
6.1.1 European level

Regulation 692/2011

Regulation 1051/2011

Delegated Regulation 2019/1681
6.1.2 National level

Official Statistics Act
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

Not applicable.


7. Confidentiality Top
7.1. Confidentiality - policy

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided in § 34 and § 35 of the Official Statistics Act.

The detailed description can be found under the following website: Consolide.

Microdata from the survey are kept in the data servers at Statistics Estonia and are not publicly available. Access to the microdata is granted only to persons, who work with the survey data. The results of the survey are published only as aggregated data.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

The treatment of confidential data is regulated by the Procedure for Protection of Data Collected and Processed by Statistics Estonia.



Annexes:
Use of confidential data for scientific purposes


8. Release policy Top
8.1. Release calendar

Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. On 1 October each year, the release times of the Statistical Database, news releases, main indicators by IMF SDDS and publications are announced in the release calendar (in case of publications – the release month).
8.2. Release calendar access

The statistical program for the next year can be found on the webpage: Calendar.
8.3. Release policy - user access

All users have been granted an equal access to official statistics: this means that the dissemination dates of official statistics have to be announced in advance and no user category (including Eurostat, state authorities and mass media) can have access to the official statistics (results of official statistical surveys) before other users. Statistical information is first published in the Statistical Database. In case a news release is published based on the same data, the information provided in the relevant news release is simultaneously published in the Statistical Database. Official statistics are available on the website at 8.00 a.m. on the date announced in the release calendar.


9. Frequency of dissemination Top

Annual data for the whole reference year

Quarterly data for the reference quarter


10. Accessibility and clarity Top
10.1. Dissemination format - News release

A press release is published in combination with the annual tourism data. News are published on our webpage: news.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

Not available
10.3. Dissemination format - online database

We publish the data in the database of Statistics Estonia. The statistical database can be found here: Statistical database: Economy − Tourism, accommodation and catering - travelling of Estonian residents 
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 34, § 35, § 36, § 37, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act.
Microdata accessibility is regulated by Statistics Estonia. The access can be granted to those who use the data for scientific purposes. 



Annexes:
Procedure for the dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes
10.5. Dissemination format - other

Annual and quartely expenditure data is made available in aggregated form to The Bank of Estonia. 
10.6. Documentation on methodology

The methodology for the tourism survey is documented on this webpage.
10.7. Quality management - documentation

The principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics is documented in the Official Statistics Act §7. The document can be accessed on this webpage.


11. Quality management Top
11.1. Quality assurance

To assure the quality of processes and products, Statistics Estonia applies the EFQM Excellence Model, EU Statistics Code of Practice and the ESS Quality Assurance Framework (QAF). Statistics Estonia is also guided by the requirements provided in § 7. „Principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics” of the Official Statistics Act.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
11.2.1 Main strengths
  • The data is comparable from 2006 and onwards;
  • The data is used by the media, several organisations (e.g. Bank of Estonia, Enterprise Estonia), as an input for Balance of Payments etc., and therefore holds a significant relevance;
  • The indicators are useful and necessary in order to analyze travel patterns, travel costs, visited places by different social demographical background variables, which are necessary variables in order to improve Estonian tourism sector.
  • Evaluating the impact of seasonal demand helps to develop a strategy for alleviating seasonality.
11.2.2 Main weaknesses
  • As the tourism data on Estonian residents was previously collected with different surveys and there had been several methodological changes, therefore the data of different years might not be comparable.
11.2.3 Quality improvements compared with previous reference year

Since 2016, the data collection process changed from quarterly basis to monthly basis, which helps the respondents with answering. They will only have to memorise the trips taken in the previous 2 months or 1 month. 

CAWI response rate is increasingly higher, however the rise from the previous survey year is not significant. 


12. Relevance Top
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
12.1.1 European level

See: Regulation 692/2011
12.1.2 Main users on a national level
  • Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
  • Estonian Tourist Board
  • Bank of Estonia
  • Mass media
  • Univesities and scientists

Users‘ suggestions and information about taking them into account are available on the website.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

Since 1996 Statistics Estonia conducts reputation surveys and user surveys.

All results are available on the website Personal surveys.
12.3. Completeness
12.3.1 Completeness

Compliant with the requirements of Regulation on tourism statistics 692/2011, Delegated Regulation 2019/1681, as well as recommendations laid down in the Methodological Manual for tourism statistics.
12.3.2 If not, please specify why and list deviations from Reg.


13. Accuracy Top
13.1. Accuracy - overall

The type of survey and the data collection methods ensure sufficient coverage and timeliness.

The error due to probability sampling is estimated for more important indicators.

Sometimes respondents have difficulties remembering expenditures made during the trip.

Respondents are interviewed about the trips which ended in the previous month(s) and due to the width of the time range it is not certain that all trips are included. This can lead to the underestimation of trips and expenses. 

When different modes of transport were used there can be the problem of choosing main means of transport.

The questions about the participation in tourism in the previous year are asked in January. This can lead to error due to the memory effect. 
13.2. Sampling error

13.2.1 Sampling errors - indicators

Information on Sampling errors may also be provided in the attached file.  Estimated value Coefficient of variation
13.2.1.1 Participation in tourism for personal purposes: number of residents, aged 15 or over, having made at least 1 trip of at least 1 overnight stay (all age groups)

584033

5,32
13.2.1.2 Participation in tourism for personal purposes: number of residents, aged 65 or over, having made at least 1 trip of at least 1 overnight stay

88697

15,43
13.2.1.3 Tourism trips - Total number of trips

4744060

1,17
13.2.1.4 Domestic trips

3231275

1,41
13.2.1.5 Outbound trips

1512784

1,27
13.2.1.6 Private/Personal trips

4099544

1,45
13.2.1.7 Professional/business trips

644516

5,58
13.2.1.8 Domestic trips spent at rented accommodation

1664682

3,16
13.2.1.9 Domestic trips spent at non-rented accommodation

1566593

3,22
13.2.1.10 Tourism trips - Total expenditure excluding durables and valuable goods

2216222216

2,67
13.2.1.11 Expenditure on accommodation

678242728

3,44


13.2.2 Additional comments on sampling error

R package srvyr was used for the coefficient of variation calculation.





 
13.3. Non-sampling error

13.3.1 Coverage errors

13.3.1.1 Over-coverage

No
13.3.1.2 Under-coverage

No


13.3.2 Unit non-response for TRIPS dataset

  Unit non-response
13.3.2.1 Number of ineligible units/ elements

266
13.3.2.2 Number of eligible units/elements

13248
13.3.2.3 Number of non-contacts

1494
13.3.2.4 Number of refusals

1948
13.3.2.5 Number of rejected questionnaires

0
13.3.2.6 Number of other types of non-response

201
13.3.2.7 Total non-response (= sum of 13.3.2.3 to 13.3.2.6)

3643


13.3.3 Unit non-response rate

13.3.3.1 Unit non-response rate for TRIPS dataset (= 13.3.2.7 divided by 13.3.2.2)

27,5
13.3.3.2 Unit non-response rate for PARTIC dataset

25,94
13.3.3.3 Unit non-response rate for SDVOUT dataset

27,5
13.3.3.4 Methods used for dealing with/minimising unit non-response

CAWI-Reminder letters, CATI - repeated calls at different times of the day


13.3.4 Item non-response

13.3.4.1 Item non-response

Significant item non-response is observed in all expenditure categories and in household income.
13.3.4.2 Methods used for dealing with/minimising item non-response

Imputation of expenditure and income data is used. First the bands of the income or expenditure are imputed for those who refused or didn’t know the answer. For the income bands the place of residence, gender, age, household type and the number of children in the household aged under 15 years are used. The exact income is imputed using the hot-deck method. For the expenditure bands the gender, age, variables about the trip are used. Then the exact expenditure is imputed according to the bands using IveWare.


13.3.5 Additional comments on non-sampling error 

Imputation rate

Income 42%

Total expenditure 6%

F24 expenditure on transport 18%

F25 expenditure on accommodation 31%

F26 expenditure on food and drinks 19%

F27 other expenditure 15%

F28 expenditure on durables and valuable goods 34%

Imputation rate on expenditure on durables varies greatly from year to year due to low number of values and can be quite high due to questionary. The expenditure on durables is part of the sum on other expenditure and is asked only if other expenditure is over 300€. In many cases respondents do not know the amount of durables or the specification of durables seems to be difficult.


(in case of second survey please briefly describe 13.3.1-13.3.4 here)


14. Timeliness and punctuality Top
14.1. Timeliness
14.1.1 Participation in tourism

90
14.1.2 Tourism trips

90
14.1.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

90
14.2. Punctuality
14.2.1 Participation in tourism

The data was sent 10 days prior to the deadline set by Eurostat.
14.2.2 Tourism trips

The data was sent 10 days prior to the deadline set by Eurostat, however revisions needed to be made. 
14.2.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

The data was sent 10 days prior to the deadline set by Eurostat.


15. Coherence and comparability Top
15.1. Comparability - geographical

The data are comparable with the data of other European Union countries.

The survey covers the whole country. However, the problems of comparability between regions can rise from the different response rates in urban and rural areas and in small and large towns. Due to the quite small sample size, calibration and weighting based only on sex and age groups, these differences cannot be eliminated.
15.2. Comparability - over time
15.2.1 Participation in tourism

See 3.8.1

In 2006–2013, the tourism of Estonian residents was studied in the appendix to the Estonian Labour Force Survey (2006), to the General Household Survey (2007-2009, 2013) or to the Household Budget Survey (2010-2012), since 2014 in the Tourism Survey. In the Estonian Labour Force Survey and in the Household Budget Survey data about travelling of all working-age household members of a person included in the sample were collected, in the General Household Survey and the Tourism Survey only persons included in the sample were interviewed. In 2015, in addition to tourism questions, there was a culture module as well in the Tourism Survey.

In the General Household Survey 50% were telephone interviews and 50% were face-to-face interviews. In 2014, in the Tourism Survey, all interviews were telephone interviews. Since 2015, the respondents were interviewed by using telephone or face-to-face interviews.

Due to contacting the survey as an appendix to the other surveys or as a separate survey and changes in the interview mode, the differences in data by years can be caused by a change in the methodology. Due to the coronavirus, only two methods have been used since 2020- CAWI and CATI. 
15.2.2 Tourism trips

See 3.8.2

In 2006–2013, the tourism of Estonian residents was studied in the appendix to the Estonian Labour Force Survey (2006), to the General Household Survey (2007-2009, 2013) or to the Household Budget Survey (2010-2012), since 2014 in the Tourism Survey. In the Estonian Labour Force Survey and in the Household Budget Survey data about travelling of all working-age household members of a person included in the sample were collected, in the General Household Survey and the Tourism Survey only persons included in the sample were interviewed. In 2015, in addition to tourism questions, there was a culture module as well in the Tourism Survey.

In the General Household Survey 50% were telephone interviews and 50% were face-to-face interviews. In 2014, in the Tourism Survey, all interviews were telephone interviews. In 2015, the respondents were interviewed by using telephone or face-to-face interviews.

Due to contacting the survey as an appendix to the other surveys or as a separate survey and changes in the interview mode, the differences in data by years can be caused by a change in the methodology. Due to the coronavirus, only two methods have been used since 2020 - CAWI and CATI. 
15.2.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

See 3.8.3

In 2006–2013, the tourism of Estonian residents was studied in the appendix to the Estonian Labour Force Survey (2006), to the General Household Survey (2007-2009, 2013) or to the Household Budget Survey (2010-2012), since 2014 in the Tourism Survey. In the Estonian Labour Force Survey and in the Household Budget Survey data about travelling of all working-age household members of a person included in the sample were collected, in the General Household Survey and the Tourism Survey only persons included in the sample were interviewed. In 2015, in addition to tourism questions, there was a culture module as well in the Tourism Survey.

In the General Household Survey 50% were telephone interviews and 50% were face-to-face interviews. In 2014, in the Tourism Survey, all interviews were telephone interviews. In 2015, the respondents were interviewed by using telephone or face-to-face interviews.

Due to contacting the survey as an appendix to the other surveys or as a separate survey and changes in the interview mode, the differences in data by years can be caused by a change in the methodology. Due to the coronavirus, only two methods have been used since 2020 - CAWI and CATI. 
15.3. Coherence - cross domain

In 2023, the number of nights spent in rented accommodations on the demand side was 6 375 thousand and on the supply side 7 000 thousand. However, the number of accommodated tourists in rented accommodation was 3 426 thousand.

These figures are not fully comparable due to the difference in methodology of the supply side and the demand side. 
15.4. Coherence - internal

The data for the reference year 2023 for the domestic over-night stays for outbound trips, participation of minors in tourism and the type of destination is fully comparable. 


16. Cost and Burden Top

Cost and burden are not systematically collected.


17. Data revision Top
17.1. Data revision - policy

Data revision policy is described under item 2.3 of the Dissemination Policy of Statistics Estonia. 

 



Annexes:
Principles of dissemination of official statistics
17.2. Data revision - practice

Published data are final.


18. Statistical processing Top
18.1. Source data

18.1.1. Source data

18.1.1.1 Source data

Household survey on tourism
18.1.1.2 Name of data collection in national language

Eesti elanike reisimine
18.1.1.3 Name of data collection in English

Travelling of Estonian Residents
18.1.1.4 Survey vehicle Stand-alone survey
18.1.1.5 If "Embedded in another survey", please indicate which other survey. In case both options were ticked, please describe here separately the approach for PARTIC, TRIPS, SDVOUT


18.1.2. Population frame

18.1.2.1 Population frame Population register
18.1.2.2 Update of population frame Quarterly
18.1.2.3 If other frequency or additional comments, please specify

The population register was used as the data source for the permanent residents between the years 2006 and 2012.
2013-2018 the list of permanent residents of Estonia was based on the 2011 Population and Housing Census and the population register.
Since 2019 the statistical population register is used for the population frame. Statistical population register contains all permanent residents of Estonia, for methodology see this website.
18.1.2.4 Coverage errors of population frame

Not available


18.1.3. Gross sample size (year, individuals)

18.1.3.1 Gross sample size for trips (= 13.3.2.1 + 13.3.2.2)

13 514
18.1.3.2 Gross sample size for participation in tourism

13 514
18.1.3.3 Gross sample size for (outbound) same-day visits

13 514
18.1.3.4 Additional comments


18.1.4. Net sample size (year, individuals)

18.1.4.1 Net sample size for trips (= 13.3.2.2 – 13.3.2.7)

9605
18.1.4.2 Net sample size for participation in tourism

9605
18.1.4.3 Net sample size for (outbound) same-day visits

9605
18.1.4.4 Additional comments


18.1.5. Sampling design

18.1.5.1 Sampling design Stratified sampling
18.1.5.2 If other or additional comments (also when more than one options is chosen in 18.1.5.1), please specify. Links to national methodology documentation can also be inserted here.

The sampling design is a stratified systematic sampling of individuals. Only the sampled person was included to the survey.

Strata are formed by counties (according to person’s living address):

1 – large counties (Harju, Ida-Viru, Lääne-Viru, Pärnu, Tartu)

2 – small counties (Jõgeva, Järva, Lääne, Põlva, Rapla, Saare, Valga, Viljandi, Võru)

3 – Hiiu county


18.1.6. Second survey or source

18.2. Frequency of data collection
18.2.1 Frequency of data collection Monthly
18.2.2 Other frequency or additional comments

The interviews were conducted every month.
18.3. Data collection

18.3.1. Type of survey

Household survey


18.3.2. Data collection methods

18.3.2.1 Data collection methods CATI (computer-assisted telephone interview)
CAWI (computer-assisted web interview)
18.3.2.2 If other or additional comments, please specify. In case a combination of data collection methods is used, please give an indication of the importance of the different methods (in terms of number of respondents) 

Reference year 2023: CATI (88%), CAWI (12%)
18.3.2.3 Questionnaire in national language (Annex/Link)

Turismi uuring 2023. Ankeet.
18.3.2.4 Questionnaire in English (Annex/Link)

Not available
18.3.2.5 Interviewer instructions in English (Annex/Link)

Turismi uuring 2023. Ankeedi täitmise juhend. Not available in English.


18.3.3. Proxy interviews

18.3.3.1 Proxy interviews Never
18.3.3.2 If "Allowed" or "Only in exceptional cases", please indicate for which variables in particular proxy interviews were used (it not all questions); If 4. "Not applicable", please explain why.


18.3.4. Average interview time (The average interview time is X minutes.)

18.3.4.1 Average interview time

4 (in 2023)
18.3.4.2 Average interview time for respondents that reported trips

5 (in 2023)


18.3.5 Second survey or source


Annexes:
Questionnaire (in Estonian)
Interviewers' manual (in Estonian)
18.4. Data validation
18.4.1 Data validation

During the interviews, all entered data is checked. Errors can be either hard or soft. Interviewer can suppress soft errors but must correct all hard errors during the interviews. Interviewer can add remarks. All remarks are checked at the NSI. Additionally all questions answered with "other" are checked at the NSI.

Some important checks are:

  1. Date of arrival from trip must be in reference period.
  2. The person can be only on one trip at the same time.
  3. The number of nights in different accommodation establishments must be equal to total number of nights.
  4. Expenditures are checked using minimum and maximum expenditure per trip and per night.
  5. If rented accommodation is used, presence of expenditure on accommodation is checked.

Missing data about the expenditures are sent to the methodologist for the imputation. 

Before sending microdata file to Eurostat EBB is used for data validation.
18.4.2 Second survey or source (In case a second survey or source is used for collecting data on participation, trips or same-day visits, please briefly describe 18.4.1 here in relation to those surveys/sources)
18.5. Data compilation
18.5.1 Data compilation

Imputation is used for all expenditure and income variables where the respondents answer was „don't know“, „refuse“ or where only an interval of expenditure or income was given. Imputation is also used for calculating transport and accommodation expenditures when package trips were used. 

Based on questions regarding the respondents' household composition, household types are calculated. Using questions about the reference person, their education level is calculated. The employment situation of the respondent is calculated using the questions regarding their work life. Income variables are used for calculating quartiles.
18.5.2 Second survey or source (In case a second survey or source is used for collecting data on participation, trips or same-day visits, please briefly describe 18.5.1 here in relation to those surveys/sources)
18.6. Adjustment

Not applicable.


19. Comment Top

No comment.


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top