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| For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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| 1.1. Contact organisation | Statistics Sweden |
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| 1.2. Contact organisation unit |
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| 1.5. Contact mail address | Klostergatan 23 S-70189 Örebro, Sweden |
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| 2.1. Metadata last certified | 07/08/2023 | ||
| 2.2. Metadata last posted | 07/08/2023 | ||
| 2.3. Metadata last update | 07/08/2023 | ||
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| 3.1. Data description | |||
Registrations (variable 110101) and Bankruptcies (variable 110102). These variables are solely based on administrative data derived from The Swedish Business Register and The Swedish Companies Registrations Office. |
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| 3.2. Classification system | |||
NACE Rev 2. |
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| 3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
The covered NACE sections are B-S (excluding section O and S94). |
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| 3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
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Registrations are the number of entered legal units in the registration register at any time during the reference
quarter q, according to the respective administrative or legal procedure.
Bankcruptcies are the number of legal units that have started the procedure of being declared bankrupt, by issuing a court declaration, at any time during the reference quarter q (which is often provisional and does not always mean cessation of an activity).
The variables Registrations and Bankruptcies are not directly comparable to the variables Real Births and Real Deaths. While Bankruptcies and Registrations are solely administrative data, Real Births and Real Deaths are creation and cessation of production factors. Therefore, Real Births and Real Deaths are based on administrative data, however data is processed through matching processes and reviewed to find the creation and cessation of production factors. Moreover, Registrations and Bankruptcies use the legal unit as a statistical unit, while Real Births and Real Deaths use the enterprise unit. In summary, a registration might lead to a real birth and a bankruptcy might lead to a real death, however it cannot be certain and the variables use different statistical units.
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| 3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Legal unit |
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| 3.6. Statistical population | |||
The target population is legal units within the private sector economy and within the NACE sections B-S (excluding section O and S94). This includes sole proprietors but excludes housing cooperatives and decedent estates. |
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| 3.7. Reference area | |||
The survey covers legal units located in Sweden. |
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| 3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
The first statistics were produced in 2022. The first quarter of 2022 is the first reference period for the statistics. |
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| 3.9. Base period | |||
As data are reported to Eurostat in absolute values, this concept is not applicable. |
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The unit of measure is the "pure number" of registrations and declarations of bankruptcies. |
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The variables Registrations and Bankruptcies refer to one quarter.
Quarter 1: 1st of January to 31st of March
Quarter 2: 1st of April to 30th of June
Quarter 3: 1st of July to 30th of September
Quarter 4: 1st of October to 31st of December
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| 6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
EBS Regulation N° 2019/2152, Table 1 of the Commission implementing regulation N° 2020/1197. |
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| 6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Eurostat |
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| 7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
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The law on confidentiality (Offentlighets och sekretesslagen (2009:400) is applied.
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| 7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
No confidentiality rules are applied on the datasets which are being sent to Eurostat |
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| 8.1. Release calendar | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Data is disseminated to Eurostat |
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| 10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
Not applicable. Data is not yet released on a national level. |
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| 12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Eurostat use the data for national data |
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| 12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
not applicable |
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| 12.3. Completeness | |||
Data is complete. No derogations affect the data. The relevance can be slightly affected because data collection is delimited to those legal units which have been registered for VAT, enterprise tax or payroll tax. See section 18.3. |
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| 13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
In overall, accuracy is good. There might be some non-sampling error (see 13.3). |
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| 13.2. Sampling error | |||
As quarterly business demography indicators are "event based" statistics based on complete enumeration, sampling error is not applicable. |
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| 13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
As for other administrative event based data, the registration delays might be a source of errors, in particular for declarations of bankruptcies. However, we have not seen any major issues with this and therfore no estimation of late registrations or bankruptcies has been made. |
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| 14.1. Timeliness | |||
Data is derived from dynamic registers. |
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| 14.2. Punctuality | |||
Data is sent to Eurostat with deadline T+40 days. |
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| 15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
Within Sweden, no separate geographical data is compiled. Data should be comparable to other countries following the same regulations. Sole proprietors are included in the data. There should be no deviations from the ESBR policies. |
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| 15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Definitions stable over time and have not changed during the reference year. Data is therefore comparable over time. |
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| 15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Quarterly Business Demography is different from annual statistics on births and deaths of enterprises. As earlier mentioned, Registrations and Bancruptcies use legal units as a statistical population instead of enterprise units. Moreover, the variables in QBD do not take the cessation and creation of production factors in to consideration. The variables are therefore solely based on administrative data and no matching procedures are used. |
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| 15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Aggregates are coherent with the lower level NACE activities |
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Statistics based on administrative sources and there is no extra burden on businesses. Statistical processes use approx 40-60 in person-hours per year. |
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| 17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
No revision has occurred during the reference year of 2022 and this should be the case for future reference years. |
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| 17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
No revision has occurred during the reference year of 2022. |
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| 18.1. Source data | |||
The Swedish Business Register is used to collect registrations. Bankruptcies is collected from The Swedish Companies Registrations Office. |
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| 18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Data is extracted once a quarter. |
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| 18.3. Data collection | |||
We have direct access to the Swedish Business Register and the database which contain data regarding bankruptcies from the Swedish Companies Registration Office.
These registers and databases are complete and we do not combine any databases to complete the datasets. After collecting the absolute numbers we delimit the data to the relevant statistical population and aggregates (NACE-codes).
The target population of registrations are the legal units in the registration register. However, the registration register contains lot of errors and many legal units have missing NACE codes. Therefor the data collection is delimited to those legal units which have also been registered for VAT, enterprise tax or payroll tax. The assessment is that this approach leads to more robust statistics, but the total number of registered legal units can be slightly underestimated per quarter. Even if the target population is delimited some legal units still have missing NACE codes. About 1-2 percent of the registered legal units have missing NACE codes. Missing codes are imputed by a donor randomly chosen from a group of nearest neighbors. |
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| 18.4. Data validation | |||
Data derived from the Swedish Business Register and the Swedish Companies Registration Office have been looked at to notice eventual quality issues. One issue was concerning legal units which have no registered NACE-code in the Swedish Business Registers.
Data is also validated in EDAMIS (inputhall) when data is sent in to Eurostat.
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| 18.5. Data compilation | |||
Only absolute numbers are derived from sources of data. |
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| 18.6. Adjustment | |||
Seasonal adjustment is not required for registrations and bankruptcy declarations and therefore not used. |
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No additional comments |
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