Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Department for tourism, internal trade and services
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
"Dame Gruev", 4, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
4 June 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
4 June 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
4 June 2025
3.1. Data description
Service turnover indices are quarterly and belong to the group of major European short-term economic indicators. The data are obtained on a quarterly basis from an administrative data source - the Public Revenue Office. Service turnover indices are used to monitor current economic development and for short-term forecasts, they estimate the average turnover change between two time periods. It is calculated on a base year (2021 = 100).
3.2. Classification system
National Classification of Activities - NKD Rev.2.
3.3. Coverage - sector
H/ Transportation and storage
49 Land transport and transport via pipelines
50 Water transport
51 Air transport
52 Warehousing and support activities for transportation
53 Postal and courier activities
I/ Accommodation and food service activities
55 Accommodation
56 Food and beverage service activities
J/ Information and communication
58 Publishing activities
59 Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities
60 Programming and broadcasting activities
61 Telecommunications
62 Computer programming, consultancy and related activities
63 Information service activities
L/ Real estate activities
M/ Professional, scientific and technical activities
69 Legal and accounting activities
70 Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities
71 Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis
72 Scientific research and development
73 Advertising and market research
74 Other professional, scientific and technical activities
75 Veterinary activities
N/ Administrative and support servise activities
77 Rental and leasing activities
78 Employment activities
79 Travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service and related activities
80 Security and investigation activities
81 Services to buildings and landscape activities
82 Office administrative, office support and other business support activities
S/ Other service activities
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The turnover consists of the total invoiced accounts of the observed units during the reference period, which corresponds to the sale of goods or services on the market to third parties. Turnover excludes VAT and other similar deductible taxes directly related to turnover, as well as all duties and charges for goods or services invoiced by the business entity.
3.5. Statistical unit
Statistical unit - enterprises
3.6. Statistical population
All enterprises in the field of services according to the STS regulations with the following main features:
NTES (Nomenclature of Territorial Units) 1 and 2 (Republic of North Macedonia)
3.8. Coverage - Time
The indices are calculated from the first quarter of 2014 to the fourth quarter of 2023, according NKD Rev.2.
3.9. Base period
2021=100
Indices (%).
Quarterly.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
National:The Legal acts in State Statistical Office in North Macedonia are governed by the Official Gazette of the Republic of North Macedonia No. 54/1997, 21/2007, 51/2011, 104/2013, 42/2014, 192/2015, 27/16, 83/18, 220/18 and 31/20, and Program for Statistical Surveys 2023-2027 (Official Gazette of the Republic of North Macedonia No. 29/2023)
International: Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parlament and of the Council of the European business statistics and Commission Implementing Regulation 1197/2020.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Services turnover indexes are published on the SSO website and the data are available to the users. The data is sent to Eurostat via eDAMIS.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Individual data are protected by the Law on State Statistics. Data collected with statistical surveys from the reporting units or indirectly from administrative or other sources are confidential data and are used only for statistical purposes. Results from the statistical processing may also generate information considered as confidential, for example: anonymised individual data, tables with low level of aggregation, as well as unreleased data. The Policy on Statistical Confidentiality contains the basic principles used in the SSO.
Each individual or personal data, regardless of the stage of statistical processing is be treated as confidential information and may be used only for statistical purposes.
The data is transported via SDMX to Eurostat with protection, the data is fully displayed and marked with a letter C (CONF_STATUS) confidentality status. Which data in the press release is hidden and included in the overall index.
8.1. Release calendar
The publication of the data is in accordance with the Release Calendar, which is prepared annually before the beginning of the calendar year and is updated quarterly.
In accordance with the dissemination policy, all users have equal access to statistics at the same time. The data are published on the website at the same time for all users, who are informed by the Release Calendar, and no user has privileged treatment. In the same time data are transmitted to Eurostat.
According to the Law on State Statistics (Article 41) and the Policyon Access to Anonymised Microdata for scientific purposes, data collected for the purpose of official statistics may be used for scientific purposes if there is no risk of direct or indirect identification, i.e. disclosure of data individuality. Access to microdata is possible only in the safe room at the SSO, based on a submitted and approved request and a signed agreement.
as well as in the continuous efforts for harmonisation with the European Statistics Code of Practice. The main aspects and procedures for quality management in the phases and sub-processes of the Statistical Business Process Model, as well as the good practices for ensuring quality are documented in the internal document called “Guide for ensuring quality of statistical processes”. Input and output metadata, as well as relevant quality indicators for certain sub-processes are described in the document “Guide for survey managers”.
The data on indices of turnover in services are used as short-term economic indicator. All aggregation levels, according to the short-term statistics regulations, are calculated and published nationally and transmitted to Eurostat. Statistical survey of turnover in services satisfies the principle of accuracy. All data are published according to the deadlines in the publication calendar and timely sent to Eurostat. The service turnover indices are time comparable.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Data on turnover indexes in services are used by the Government, Eurostat, the business community, international organizations, internal users. The quarterly turnover indices measure changes in the turnover of enterprises in services and are suitable for keeping track of current economic developments and short-term forecasts.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
The State Statistical Office conducts the User Satisfaction Survey. This Survey was conducted in 2009, 2012, 2015, 2017 and the last one in 2019.
12.3. Completeness
All aggregation levels, according to the short-term statistics regulations, for service turnover indices, are calculated and published nationally and transmitted to Eurostat.
Completeness of national data = 100%.
Completeness of Eurostat data = 100%.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Data accuracy is ensured with additional data comparisons and analysis before dissemination.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable, research is not sample based.
13.3. Non-sampling error
As the data are obtained from an administrative source and all necessary research information is available in the electronic documentation obtained, no occurrence for non-sampling error.
Technical errors are often detected by automated checks during the data editing process. Many checks are performed automatically, but additional visual control is included.
14.1. Timeliness
We publish quarterly survey data on service turnover index 85 days after the end of the reference quarter (T + 85).
14.2. Punctuality
All data are published according to the deadlines in the Publishing Calendar and forwarded / sent to Eurostat. From 2024, all monthly data will be sending quartely.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Turnover indices are nationally representative. The methodology used to calculate the turnover indices in services is in line with the regulations for short-term statistics.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Comparison of data from 2014 is provided without interruption in time series.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Coherence - cross domain has not been examined.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Internal data coherence is ensured, data is controlled and analyzed in the production process.
There is no cost to collect data or load on reporting units as they are downloaded directly (electronically) from an administrative source.
Major revisions are due to changes in the methodology, classification of activities (e.g. the implementation of NACE Rev. 2) and change in base year.
The Mean Absolute Revision (MAR) and Mean Revision (MR) were not calculated.
18.1. Source data
Public Revenue Office, turnover data.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Quarterly.
18.3. Data collection
From the administrative sources of the Public Revenue Office.
18.4. Data validation
All the data is checked during entry and every variable is checked through a comparison with past values according to a coherence criterion.
18.5. Data compilation
Service indices are compiled as simple indices that are calculated directly from fixed base data (2021 = 100). The calculation of lower aggregate indices (double digit NACE Rev.2) is based on a direct comparison of the data for the current quarter and the data on the average quarterly value of turnover in the base year.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable, no seasonal adjustment of data.
No comment.
Service turnover indices are quarterly and belong to the group of major European short-term economic indicators. The data are obtained on a quarterly basis from an administrative data source - the Public Revenue Office. Service turnover indices are used to monitor current economic development and for short-term forecasts, they estimate the average turnover change between two time periods. It is calculated on a base year (2021 = 100).
4 June 2025
The turnover consists of the total invoiced accounts of the observed units during the reference period, which corresponds to the sale of goods or services on the market to third parties. Turnover excludes VAT and other similar deductible taxes directly related to turnover, as well as all duties and charges for goods or services invoiced by the business entity.
Statistical unit - enterprises
All enterprises in the field of services according to the STS regulations with the following main features:
NTES (Nomenclature of Territorial Units) 1 and 2 (Republic of North Macedonia)
Quarterly.
Data accuracy is ensured with additional data comparisons and analysis before dissemination.
Indices (%).
Service indices are compiled as simple indices that are calculated directly from fixed base data (2021 = 100). The calculation of lower aggregate indices (double digit NACE Rev.2) is based on a direct comparison of the data for the current quarter and the data on the average quarterly value of turnover in the base year.
Public Revenue Office, turnover data.
Quarterly.
We publish quarterly survey data on service turnover index 85 days after the end of the reference quarter (T + 85).
Turnover indices are nationally representative. The methodology used to calculate the turnover indices in services is in line with the regulations for short-term statistics.
Comparison of data from 2014 is provided without interruption in time series.
