Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Short-term Statistics Department, Industrial and Services Prices Section
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
H-1525 Budapest P.O.B. 51, Hungary
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
19 June 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
19 June 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
19 June 2025
3.1. Data description
The services producer price index (SPPI) covers services delivered by the resident business service producers and sold to all customers (economic units or persons representing economic units, public bodies, households and other users) and reflect the average price development of selected service activities compared to the several base periods (e.g. year 2021=100.0). Both domestic prices of services (sold to the resident customers) and export prices of services (sold to the non-resident customers) are collected. The frequency of the electronic data collection is quarterly. The production and transmission of data (indicator 130201) is required by the current EBS regulation.
Product-based price indices of services provided for businesses (B-B) are the aggregates of enterprise-level product-based price indices of CPA 2.1 / TESZOR’15 categories (previous quarter = 100%).
Price indices of services provided for all customers (B-All) are also computed – as weighted averages of Service Producer Price Indices (SPPI, B-B) and Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices at Constant Tax (HICT-CT).
The SPPI’s cover economic activities listed in sections H, I, J, L, M, N
H Transportation and storage services
49 Land transport services and transport services via pipelines
50 Water transport services
51 Air transport services
52 Warehousing and support services for transportation
53 Postal and courier services
I Accommodation and food services
55 Accommodation services
56 Food and beverage serving services
J Information and communication services
58 Publishing services
59 Motion picture, video and TV programme production services, sound recording and music publishing
60 Programming and broadcasting services
61 Telecommunications
62 Computer programming, consultancy and related services
63 Information services
L Real estate services
68 Real estate services
M Professional, scientific and technical services
69 Legal and accounting services
70.2 Management consulting services
71 Architectural and engineering services; technical testing and analysis services
73 Advertising and market research
74 Other professional, scientific and technical services
N Administrative and support service activities
77 Rental and leasing services
78 Employment services
79 Travel agency, tour operator and other reservation services and related services
80 Security and investigation services
81 Services to buildings and landscape
82 Office administrative, office support and other business support services
Observed services, total (sections H–N, except for section K)
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
According to the current EBS regulation the service producer price index for an economic activity measures the average price development of all services, Business-to-All, which is composed of Business-to-Business- B2B, and Business-to-consumers- B2C. Sales to public sector, Business-to-Government – B2G, is also included in B2B.
Price representative of services is a service item with well delimited parameters of quality, relevant in pricing aspects, which represents considerable weight in sales, and data on which can be continuously supplied.
Pricing methods for services: all specific information based on which the unit service producer price can be determined.
The Methodological guide for developing producer price indices for services (publication of OECD and Eurostat, second edition, KS-04-14-661-EN-C) suggests using eight pricing methods:
Direct use of prices of repeated services: real transaction prices or list prices (although this latter is not proposed) are surveyed. It can be applied when services or “service packages” are actually realized in every survey period.
Contract pricing uses real transaction prices. It is applied when the same producer sells the same (or very similar) service to the same client in several survey periods.
Component pricing divides the composite service into a number of key output components, which are priced separately based on real transaction prices, then component data are combined to form the service price.
Model pricing: the price for a standardised product is estimated based on a model transaction which is not actually transacted in the comparison period.
Unit value method: the unit price is determined as the quotient of the value (sales revenue) and quantity of services sold over a large number of transactions. The method is applicable in cases when the different service types in a group of services are relatively homogeneous.
The percentage fee method estimates a price by multiplying the value of an asset tied to the service by a percentage.
The pricing based on working time surveys the amount of money charged to a buyer of a service for a standard unit (e.g. one hour) of work carried out by an employee contributing to the production (provision) of that service (which amount of money should not be mistaken for the employee’s salary.
Margin pricing method: margin prices are defined as those prices that are not directly observable but where the value of the service can be measured as the difference between the observed acquisition and selling prices of a given product. It is important to differentiate this method from pricing mechanisms that may be used by typical margin charging industries. In some cases these industries will specify the price of a service for a given delivery/provision of a product, which may also be invoiced as a percentage of the value of the underlying product. In these cases the appropriate methods are those that relate real transaction prices or percentage fees. There are however similarities in practice between the percentage fee and margin pricing methods.
Price data are collected quarterly via internet by the questionnaire: No 2130 on business services producer prices.
The sub-indices for large and smaller enterprises are computed using product-type annual sales data for the year preceding the reference year as weights, covered by the SPPI survey. The national weights for the 4-digit level of NACE Rev. 2 are annual SBS sales data from the second year prior to the reference year.
As regards the definitions of variables used in practice of the HCSO the Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 is the standard source.
3.5. Statistical unit
Reporting unit: Enterprise; Observation unit: KAU (we only observe the service activities from the activities performed by the enterprises in the sample).
3.6. Statistical population
The frame of the survey is Business Register.
Sample size: 3000 enterprises were selected. Full coverage for large enterprises (cut-off according to the annual sales and/or the number of persons employed). Representative sample for smaller enterprises.
3.7. Reference area
Territory of Hungary. The whole national territory is covered and the activities performed outside the national territory is not considered in this variable.
3.8. Coverage - Time
The time-series of SPPI’s are disseminated from the 1st quarter of 2007 as required by the STS Regulation, and from the 1st quarter of 2016 as requested by the EBS Regulation.
3.9. Base period
Base year: 2021
Indices percentage changes (%)
Quarter
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
At European level:
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics concerning short term statistics
Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics concerning short term statistics (General Implementing Act)
All relevant regulations can be found in the STS section on Eurostat’s website under Statistics / Short-term business statistics / Legislation
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics concerning short term statistics.
All SPPI data are transmitted quarterly to Eurostat via Edamis.
HCSO makes available all the non-confidential data on its Dissemination database website.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
At European level:
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics concerning short term statistics
Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics concerning short term statistics. (General Implementing Act)
All relevant regulations can be found in the STS section on Eurostat’s website under Statistics / Short-term business statistics / Legislation
HCSO ensures confidentiality for all the data reported by data providers and the exclusive use of the data for statistical purposes. We disseminate only aggregated data in full compliance with the rules of confidentiality. Individual data, as well as aggregated data consisting of fewer than 3 enterprises are regarded as confidential and therefore not published. Researchers have access to de-identified data sets and to anonymised micro data for scientific purposes with appropriate legal and methodological guaranties in place. As for the employees, they can work with datasets in their competence with registered and controlled access rights. For details see Information on confidentiality for data providers on the website of HCSO.
8.1. Release calendar
All of the features of dissemination activity are consistent with the Dissemination and Communication Policy of Hungarian Central Statistical Office. In the elaboration of this document the
(Since the last update of Dissemination Policy of HCSO a new statistical law has been adopted in Hungary and the European Statistical law has been amended, but the changes do not affect the principals of Dissemination Policy.)
HCSO has a public Dissemination calendar that contains the dissemination dates of all First releases. The public dissemination calendar (Catalogue) on the website of HCSO provided information not only the first releases but the analyses, methodological publications, promotional publications, reports, statistical reflections, yearbooks and pocketbooks. Both calendars are prepared in line with the annual dissemination program.
8.2. Release calendar access
A public dissemination calendar of the first releases is accessible and it can be downloaded in Excel format by everyone via the website of HCSO. It provides information about publish date, the date of any modification, the title of publication, the reference period or date and the date of inclusion in the database.
8.3. Release policy - user access
First releases and the related databases are published at 9 a. m. on the day provided in the Dissemination calendar. Some key user groups are subjected to other rules because of their special role in the economic and political life. Journalists can read the first release in the Press Room at 8:30 a. m. but they are allowed to transmit their reports at 9 a. m. after the publication of HCSO. Certain first releases are sent to the members of the government and the President of the National Bank of Hungary at 5 p. m. on the day prior to the publication after closure of the Budapest Stock Exchange. Within the given ministry and the National Bank of Hungary responsible use of our data is ensured by strict rules.
As for the SPPIs no specific user group gets the information before publication. Eurostat also receives the data via eDAMIS with a “free for publication” condition.
Quarterly
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not applicable.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Statistical reflections are released quarterly in Publication Repertory on website HCSO in theme SPPI’s.
In HCSO the following four data access channels are available only for researchers for scientific purposes. The HCSO performs a researcher accreditation procedure for all data requests for these four data access channels.
The HCSO offers access to deidentified microdata sets for scientific purposes in the safe environment of the Safe Centre operated by the HCSO in Budapest.
The offers access to deidentified microdata sets for scientific purposes in the safe environment of the remote access points operated by the HCSO under the same access conditions as the Safe Centre access.
For scientific purposes, the HCSO produces the requested research outputs inside its own safe environment based on the specifications/syntax files provided by the researcher.
User-oriented quality reports on statistical domains are prepared in the framework of methodological documentation and are published as metainformation on the HCSO website: Methodological documentation
An internal HCSO regulation is in place regarding the preparation of producer-oriented quality reports for each statistical domain on a yearly basis.
In case of some statistical domains – concerning first releases – quality check is carried out and documented each month for the management of HCSO. However, this report is not published.
11.1. Quality assurance
The HCSO Quality Policy lays out the principles and commitments related to the quality of statistics. The document is consistent with the goals set out in the Mission and Vision statements and with the principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice and is publicly available on the HCSO website.
Quality Guidelines are meant to ensure the quality of the statistical processes. The document has been in place since 2007 (1st revision in 2009, 2nd revision in 2014 and 3rd revision is currently ongoing). The latest version (2014) is available on the HCSO website.
Procedures are in place in order to ensure updated documentation on product quality. (See above about Quality Documentation in 10.7) Apart from the internal reports, quality reports are regularly provided to Eurostat as well.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics concerning short term statistics. (General Implementing Act)
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Main users are: Eurostat and Hungarian National Accounts.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
User satisfaction is measured via download statistics for publications.
12.3. Completeness
Length of time series, scope of economic activities is complete according to EBS Regulations.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Sampling error and non-sampling error are not relevant in scope of SPPI’s. We are out to reach better response rate in every quarter.
In the reference period a missing price is estimated by the previous period’s data of enterprises (regarding contracts) in certain cases or by using the average price development of similar products/enterprises. To impute missing weighting data the annual SBS sales data from the second year prior to the reference year are used. Administrative sources are also applied.
13.2. Sampling error
Not available. As one of the main sources could be mentioned misclassification of activities and/or products.
In the HCSO an industry- specified multi-modal sample (including parts with full coverage and representative sample) is applied taking into account the structure of the Business Register as well as the respondent’s burden.
Full coverage for large enterprises (cut-off according to the annual sales and/or the number of persons employed). Representative sample for smaller enterprises.
13.3. Non-sampling error
The possible sources are: survey instrument (survey via Web, administrative source, the lack of knowledge of respondent).
The response rate of data collection exceeded of 80% in every quarter in 2024.
The main reasons of non-response are: contact failure (no information on the availability of data provider), the data provider is not registered in the electronic system of HCSO (KSH_ELEKTRA).
Editing, coding and imputations errors are not relevant.
14.1. Timeliness
3 months after the end of the reference period – according to the EBS Regulation.
14.2. Punctuality
Hungarian SPPI’s are published according to the announced release calendars.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Over the data collection and calculation domestic and non-domestic markets are interpreted according to territory of Hungary. The whole country is treated in a uniform manner in statistical point of view. The same statistical concepts can be applied all of the territory. All data sources coverage fully the regions.
There are no difficulties concerning the geographical comparability.
15.2. Comparability - over time
There is no break in SPPI’s time series, which are relatively short; the data are available from the 1st quarter of 2007. The change of classification systems applied (NACE and CPA) has been successful. The national rebasing of the individual STS indicators including SPPIs was realized according to the Eurostat’s requirements.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Hungarian SPPI’s are compared with CPI’s and European SPPI time series. SPPIs as deflators are coherent with the performance indicators (e.g. turnover, value added, foreign sales of services) in terms of classification used, frequency, coverage of services areas and users (domestic, non-domestic, business, households).
15.4. Coherence - internal
The internal coherence of SPPI’s data is validated in time series.
Cost (NSI hours per year): 9500
Burden (Respondents hours per year): 5000
The electronic forms (e-mail, internet) of data collection and the “tailor-made” questionnaire for each respondent reduced the cost and burden through the years from 2007.
17.1. Data revision - policy
HCSO published its renewed revision policy in 2018. The revision policy is in line with the following conceptual frameworks:
finally, the HCSO takes into consideration the deadlines of mandatory international data transmissions and publication
HCSO considers any change in the value of already published data as data revision. Revisions take place for a number of distinct reasons, which tend to break into four groups:
incorporation of better source data (e.g. replacement of first/provisional estimates based on expert judgements, or as a result of benchmarking)
capturing routine recalculations (e.g. updating the base period)
reflection of improved methodology (e.g. changes in concepts, definitions or classifications)
correction of errors
Take into account the various causes of revisions and the different frequencies of publications, the HCSO – in correspondence with international guidelines – distinguishes the following types of revisions:
Routine revisions: routine revisions are changes in published data which are related to the regular statistical business process. Routine revisions mainly occur when the incorporation of late information (new or the correction of already obtained) modifies the already published results or in the case of benchmarking. Routine revisions are conducted periodically, according to a schedule drawn up in advance. With some sets of statistics (e.g. in foreign trade), a number of revisions are needed to obtain final results, while in other cases the provisional results are replaced by final data in the course of one single revision. Routine revisions barely affect the applied methodology, and only a few periods (some months or quarters) back in time are revised and longer revisions take place at a lower frequency, e.g. annually.
Major/methodological revisions: Major revisions are changes in published data, often substantial, which are due to changes in definitions, classifications and methodologies. Updating of the weights of the base year of an index series, the availability of a new structural source that is only collected at long intervals (5 to 10 years), such as the census, and the entry into force of a new legal act may also cause major revisions.
Major revisions are planned very well in advance and users are informed beforehand on the forthcoming major revisions. They are less frequent than routine revisions and occur only every 5 to 10 years. Since major revisions affect a large part of the time series and sometimes even the complete time series, it is necessary to back cast time series, otherwise major revisions would produce breaks and inconsistencies in them.
Unplanned revisions: Unplanned or unscheduled revisions are those that are not foreseen (as opposed to planned revisions), because they are a result of unforeseeable events and therefore it is usually not possible to pre-announced them in advance. As unscheduled revisions can undermine confidence in the quality of official statistics, HCSO is committed to avoiding as much as possible unscheduled revisions and to limit them to the case of important errors (whose correction results in significant improvement regarding data quality). Unscheduled revisions are communicated to the users in a transparent manner.
HCSO makes its general and domain specific revision policies publicly available on its official website. HCSO applies the general policy’s principles to all of its statistics (including the STS data transmitted to the Eurostat). Although subject matter statistics may have specificities regarding their revision practices, they have to be fully compliant with the general principles.
HCSO notifies users about forthcoming revisions in time and indicates their date and time in the revision calendar.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Hungarian SPPI’s have got relatively short time series; the data are available from the 1st quarter of 2007. The use of revision is not typical for these statistics, we do not revise the final data, unless we discover an error, so we apply revision if necessary. There was no planned or unplanned revision last year in this statistical domain.
18.1. Source data
The indicator of SPPI’s is derived from statistical survey using questionnaires. “Blanket” or class-specific questionnaires are used to collect unit prices, and 4- and 6-digit-level sales data of services sold on domestic and external market by enterprises. Unit prices are sales prices according to the invoice, rather than list prices. Taxes are excluded but discounts, rebates and surcharges have to be taken into account. Sample size: 2000 enterprises were selected with full coverage for large enterprises (according to annual sales or the number of employed persons) and representative sample for smaller enterprises. Data from other statistical domains: weighting data are taken from Structural Business Statistics (SBS) surveys (annual performance indicators of enterprises). Administrative data sources: for imputation and validation of data administrative source (tax data) is also used.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Quarter.
18.3. Data collection
Price data are collected via internet (KSH_ELEKTRA). Questionnaires are sent to the reporting units at the end of each reference period. The deadline for replies is the 8th day after the reference period.
18.4. Data validation
Micro data validation: price data can be compared with those of the previous quarters. In case of inconsistency or large difference we contact respondents. Macro data validation is made regularly by time series monitoring.
18.5. Data compilation
Method for index calculation (B-B):
Elementary price indices (price relatives)
Individual price index for each company (unweighted geometrical average and/or weighted arithmetical average, product-based)
Sub-index for big companies (full coverage, weighted arithmetical average, product-based)
Sub-index for small companies (representative sample, unweighted geometrical average, product-based)
Compiling indices for the products (CPA’08 4-digit level indices, weighted arithmetical average with rate of the turnover of big and small companies). For aggregation indices of big companies we apply product-based turnover data 1 year prior to the actual year collected by the SPPI survey.
The CPA’08 4-digit level nationwide coverage weights are SBS turnover data from 2 years prior to the actual year. The indices are chain linked with annually up-dated weights.
Price indices of services provided for all customers (B-All) are also computed – as weighted averages of Service Producer Price Indices (SPPI, B-B) and Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices at Constant Tax (HICT-CT).
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable.
SPPI data are not seasonally or other (e.g. calendar) adjusted.
No further comments.
The services producer price index (SPPI) covers services delivered by the resident business service producers and sold to all customers (economic units or persons representing economic units, public bodies, households and other users) and reflect the average price development of selected service activities compared to the several base periods (e.g. year 2021=100.0). Both domestic prices of services (sold to the resident customers) and export prices of services (sold to the non-resident customers) are collected. The frequency of the electronic data collection is quarterly. The production and transmission of data (indicator 130201) is required by the current EBS regulation.
Product-based price indices of services provided for businesses (B-B) are the aggregates of enterprise-level product-based price indices of CPA 2.1 / TESZOR’15 categories (previous quarter = 100%).
Price indices of services provided for all customers (B-All) are also computed – as weighted averages of Service Producer Price Indices (SPPI, B-B) and Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices at Constant Tax (HICT-CT).
19 June 2025
According to the current EBS regulation the service producer price index for an economic activity measures the average price development of all services, Business-to-All, which is composed of Business-to-Business- B2B, and Business-to-consumers- B2C. Sales to public sector, Business-to-Government – B2G, is also included in B2B.
Price representative of services is a service item with well delimited parameters of quality, relevant in pricing aspects, which represents considerable weight in sales, and data on which can be continuously supplied.
Pricing methods for services: all specific information based on which the unit service producer price can be determined.
The Methodological guide for developing producer price indices for services (publication of OECD and Eurostat, second edition, KS-04-14-661-EN-C) suggests using eight pricing methods:
Direct use of prices of repeated services: real transaction prices or list prices (although this latter is not proposed) are surveyed. It can be applied when services or “service packages” are actually realized in every survey period.
Contract pricing uses real transaction prices. It is applied when the same producer sells the same (or very similar) service to the same client in several survey periods.
Component pricing divides the composite service into a number of key output components, which are priced separately based on real transaction prices, then component data are combined to form the service price.
Model pricing: the price for a standardised product is estimated based on a model transaction which is not actually transacted in the comparison period.
Unit value method: the unit price is determined as the quotient of the value (sales revenue) and quantity of services sold over a large number of transactions. The method is applicable in cases when the different service types in a group of services are relatively homogeneous.
The percentage fee method estimates a price by multiplying the value of an asset tied to the service by a percentage.
The pricing based on working time surveys the amount of money charged to a buyer of a service for a standard unit (e.g. one hour) of work carried out by an employee contributing to the production (provision) of that service (which amount of money should not be mistaken for the employee’s salary.
Margin pricing method: margin prices are defined as those prices that are not directly observable but where the value of the service can be measured as the difference between the observed acquisition and selling prices of a given product. It is important to differentiate this method from pricing mechanisms that may be used by typical margin charging industries. In some cases these industries will specify the price of a service for a given delivery/provision of a product, which may also be invoiced as a percentage of the value of the underlying product. In these cases the appropriate methods are those that relate real transaction prices or percentage fees. There are however similarities in practice between the percentage fee and margin pricing methods.
Price data are collected quarterly via internet by the questionnaire: No 2130 on business services producer prices.
The sub-indices for large and smaller enterprises are computed using product-type annual sales data for the year preceding the reference year as weights, covered by the SPPI survey. The national weights for the 4-digit level of NACE Rev. 2 are annual SBS sales data from the second year prior to the reference year.
As regards the definitions of variables used in practice of the HCSO the Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 is the standard source.
Reporting unit: Enterprise; Observation unit: KAU (we only observe the service activities from the activities performed by the enterprises in the sample).
The frame of the survey is Business Register.
Sample size: 3000 enterprises were selected. Full coverage for large enterprises (cut-off according to the annual sales and/or the number of persons employed). Representative sample for smaller enterprises.
Territory of Hungary. The whole national territory is covered and the activities performed outside the national territory is not considered in this variable.
Quarter
Sampling error and non-sampling error are not relevant in scope of SPPI’s. We are out to reach better response rate in every quarter.
In the reference period a missing price is estimated by the previous period’s data of enterprises (regarding contracts) in certain cases or by using the average price development of similar products/enterprises. To impute missing weighting data the annual SBS sales data from the second year prior to the reference year are used. Administrative sources are also applied.
Indices percentage changes (%)
Method for index calculation (B-B):
Elementary price indices (price relatives)
Individual price index for each company (unweighted geometrical average and/or weighted arithmetical average, product-based)
Sub-index for big companies (full coverage, weighted arithmetical average, product-based)
Sub-index for small companies (representative sample, unweighted geometrical average, product-based)
Compiling indices for the products (CPA’08 4-digit level indices, weighted arithmetical average with rate of the turnover of big and small companies). For aggregation indices of big companies we apply product-based turnover data 1 year prior to the actual year collected by the SPPI survey.
The CPA’08 4-digit level nationwide coverage weights are SBS turnover data from 2 years prior to the actual year. The indices are chain linked with annually up-dated weights.
Price indices of services provided for all customers (B-All) are also computed – as weighted averages of Service Producer Price Indices (SPPI, B-B) and Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices at Constant Tax (HICT-CT).
The indicator of SPPI’s is derived from statistical survey using questionnaires. “Blanket” or class-specific questionnaires are used to collect unit prices, and 4- and 6-digit-level sales data of services sold on domestic and external market by enterprises. Unit prices are sales prices according to the invoice, rather than list prices. Taxes are excluded but discounts, rebates and surcharges have to be taken into account. Sample size: 2000 enterprises were selected with full coverage for large enterprises (according to annual sales or the number of employed persons) and representative sample for smaller enterprises. Data from other statistical domains: weighting data are taken from Structural Business Statistics (SBS) surveys (annual performance indicators of enterprises). Administrative data sources: for imputation and validation of data administrative source (tax data) is also used.
Quarterly
3 months after the end of the reference period – according to the EBS Regulation.
Over the data collection and calculation domestic and non-domestic markets are interpreted according to territory of Hungary. The whole country is treated in a uniform manner in statistical point of view. The same statistical concepts can be applied all of the territory. All data sources coverage fully the regions.
There are no difficulties concerning the geographical comparability.
There is no break in SPPI’s time series, which are relatively short; the data are available from the 1st quarter of 2007. The change of classification systems applied (NACE and CPA) has been successful. The national rebasing of the individual STS indicators including SPPIs was realized according to the Eurostat’s requirements.
