State Statistical Office

Department for industry, construction and business tendency

Dame Gruev N.4, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia

Effective hours worked in construction and retail trade.

The data for the effective hours worked are collected according to the Nomenclature of type of constructions and construction works, which is prepared according to the Classification of types of constructions - CC, prepared by EUROSTAT and National nomenclature of activities NKD Rev.2.

CONSTRUCTION: The indicators are obtained from the business entities with scope of the construction activity in accordance with the section F from the National Classification of Activity - NACE Rev.2, Division 41 - Buildings and Division 42 - Civil Engineering Works.

RETAIL TRADE: Sector G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; Divisions 45, 46 and 47 (47.3).

Number of effective hours worked for all the employees in the business entity in the reporting month. Data is collected for the average number of effective hours worked during the month.
Data are collected on total level, and furthermore breaked down on level of Buildings and Civil Engineering works, according to the Classification of types of constructions - CC.
The variables for effective hours worked are calculated as absolute on total level and on al level of buildings and civil engineering works, from 2007 onwards.

Statistical units are the business entities (an enterprise, not KAU) with scope of the construction activity in accordance with the section F from the National Classification of Activity - NACE Rev.2, Division 41 - Buildings and Division 42 - Civil Engineering Works, as well as the business entities that are not classified in the construction sector but are performing large-scale construction activities and Sector G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; Divisions 45, 46 and 47 (47.3).

CONSTRUCTION: Statistical units are the business entities with scope of the construction activity in accordance with the section F from the National Classification of Activity - NACE Rev.2, Division 41 - Buildings and Division 42 - Civil Engineering Works, as well as the business entities that are not classified in the construction sector but are performing large-scale construction activities, and they represent the statistical population for whom data are reffered. For calculation of the labour indicators a sample is made.

The sample comprises 185 enterprises, divided by size class of employees:

1. 0 - 9 employees  - 23 enterprises;
2. 10 - 49 employees  - 80 enterprises;
3. 50 - 250 employees  - 74 enterprises;
4. 250 + employees  - 8 enterprises;

RETAIL TRADE:

The statistical population are business entities from the Statistical Business Register whose main activity is trade. (Sector G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, NKD Rev.2).

All regions of Republic of North Macedonia are covered. Activities outside the geographical coverage are not included in the data.

CONSRUCTION: Untill 2007 they are available on a total level, and from 2007 onwards they are available on both total level, and further breaked down on a level on Buildings and Civil engineering works.
There are long dataseries for these variables. In the SSO we have in the archive printed versions from the published data from 1991 onwards (when Republic of North Macedonia became independent). The older printed versions are kept in other archive.

RETAIL TRADE: From 2011.

2021=100

The effective hours worked are calculated as absolute on total level and on al level of buildings and civil engineering works, from 2007 onwards. As a measurment unit for effective hours worked is number of effective hours.

Data are published and transmitted to Eurostat as indices.

Month.

National: Law on State Statistics (“Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia” No. 54/97, 21/07, 51/11, 104/13, 42/14, 192/15, 27/16, 83/18 and 220/18) and Programme of Statistical Surveys 2023-2027 (“Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia” No. 29/2023).

Regulation (EU) 2019/2152  on European business statistics, and it's implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications.

Eurostat Methodology of short-term business statistics.

Data for hours worked are regularly transmited to Eurostat through eDAMIS from 2010. Data are not transmitted to other international institutions.

Data that are collected are individual data, protected with the Law on state statistics, and are used only for statistical purposes.

All individual or personal data, in each phase of statistical processing, are treated as confidential data and may be used only for statistical purposes. When releasing data from this survey at an aggregated level, there is no need for additional data treatment for the purpose of ensuring confidentiality and prevents unauthorised disclosure.

Data publishing is according to the Advanced release calendar, which is displayed on the web site of the State Statistical Office.

Advanced release calendar

Data are published on the web site of the State Statistical Office, and no user is treated with priviledges.

The data for short-term statistics are published monthly in the Monthly Statistical Bulletin for Economic Movements in the Republic of North Macedonia, and also in the MAKSTAT Database.

Data are monthly disseminated on national level and transmitted to Eurostat.

The data for short-term statistics are published monthly in the Monthly Statistical Bulletin, and also in the MAKSTAT Database. They are published on a agregated level on the Republic of North Macedonia.

The data for short-term statistics are published monthly in the Monthly Statistical Bulletin for Economic Movements in the Republic of Macedonia. They are published on a agregated level on the Republic of North Macedonia.

https://www.stat.gov.mk/PrikaziPublikacija_1_en.aspx?rbr=856

Data are loaded into the MAKSTAT database on regular 

PxWeb - Select table (stat.gov.mk)

Regulated with the policy for access to microdata.

The data are transmitted to Eurostat and are part of the Eurostat's dissemination formats.

The effective hours worked, on monthly level, by the business entities, are collected according to the EUROSTAT recomendations defined in the Methodology of short-term statistics, which is harmonised with the Eurostat Methodology of short-term business statistics and Regulation (EU) 2019/2152  on European business statistics, and it's implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications.

Not available.

Quality controls and data validations are done throught the whole business proccess - from the phase of collection all along to the phase of preparation of agregated data.
The State Statistical Office has adopted a Quality policy, (http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/Politika_za_kvalitet_en.pdf), and trought the Law on State Statistics (http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZaNas_en.aspx?id=1), the European Statistics Code of Practise is accepted as a document that establishes the framework for quality management in the SSO as well.

Variables are based on reliable data, they are calculated according to regulations and methodologies for short- term business statistics, and they meet users needs. Publication of results are always punctional.

There are internal and external users. External users are the Economic Chamber, various scientific researchers, government agencies and bodies, business subjects and other various users that have needs for the short-term statistics for their's policy creation. Internal users are the departments in the National accounts Department for calculation of the GDP. Also, Eurostat is an international user.

Not available.

All user needs are fulfilled, including Eurostat.

Errors are eliminated as much as possible with elimination of sampling and non-sampling errors. The statistical errors and bias are small.

The absolute figures for effective hours worked in construction and retail trade  are surveyed by cut-off sample survey. The frame for the statistical population is retrieved from the business register. We don't measure sampling error.

CONSTRUCTION:

Coverage errors: Overcoverage rate is 4%. Measurement errors: The reporting units are informed about the survey via information note that is created automatically from eStat. Data editing errors: In eStat implemented are validation rules. Also implemented are rules for controls and calculation of output data. Imputation is done from the data from the previous period. Non - response errors: The unit non-responce rate is 0%.

RETAIL TRADE:

Coverage errors (overcoverage): In this survey, the overcoverage is calculated related to the whole sample.

Measurement errors: The statistical survey on distributive trade turnover is a monthly survey based on a sample. The survey questionnaire is designed in the subject-matter department, based on regulations and methodologies for short-term business statistics. Reporting units are provided with information about the new survey through a letter, which is distributed once per year, together with the questionnaires. The regional departments for statistics are responsible for data gathering within specified deadlines, while control is made in the Central Office. If some of the reporting units do not respond on time, repeat contact is made by letter or by phone.

Processing errors are minimal and the correction of all errors is done while controlling the responses. There are controls with on-line data editing rules as well as control after data entry.

Non-response errors: item non-response does not exist, while in the case of unit non-response, a specific mathematical procedure for estimation of missing data is used (adjustment unit non-response). No automated imputation is used. The unit response rate (% of received responses from the eligible units) is 75.6%.

Indices and variables are published in T + 45 reference period.

Data are disseminated according to the releasing calendar of the State satistical Office and are always on time.

Data are published on the level of the Republic of North Macedonia, that is NUTS 1 and 2 level, and as such are comparable in geographical term on international level.

CONSTRUCTION: Untill 2007 they are available on a total level, and from 2007 onwards they are available on both total level, and further breaked down on a level on Buildings and Civil engineering works. No breaks in the series.
There are long dataseries for these variables. In the SSO we have in the archive printed versions from the published data from 1991 onwards (when Republic of North Macedonia became independent). The older printed versions are kept in other archive.

RETAIL TRADE: Since 2011.

Cross-domain coherence assured. Data are coherent with Labour Market surveys data.

Internal coherence assured. CC1 and CC2 are coherent with the Total.

In the SSO we have aplication for registering the working time used according to the activities, but the module for Cost - Burden it is not developed yet.
In the questionairres sent to the reporting units we have included the question for the time needed for fulfilling the questionairre with the needed data, aiming to have feedback information on the burden on the respondents.

Data revision is done according to the SSO Revision Policy.
http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZaNas_en.aspx?id=25

The same revision policy is applied to national releases and transmissions to Eurostat. It means that any revision is sent to Eurostat at the same time as published nationally.

Data revision, according to the SSO policy, is done always when there is change in the methodology, change in the base year (every five years). In 2018 a revision was done as a result of changing the base year to 2015.
When data are published they are definitive, and no revision is done afterwards.

Data source are the business entities from the construction activity in accordance with the section F from the National Classification of Activity - NACE Rev.2, as well as the business entities that are not classified in the construction sector but are performing large-scale construction activities.

A sample according to the criteria of turnover and number of employees is made (cut-off sample survey).
The sample is revised every year.
The sample comprises 185 enterprises, divided by size class of employees:

1. 0 - 9 employees  - 23 enterprises;
2. 10 - 49 employees  - 80 enterprises;
3. 50 - 250 employees  - 74 enterprises;
4. 250 + employees  - 8 enterprises;
Total: 185 enterprises.

RETAIL TRADE:

Source data: enterprises
Sample frame: The sample frame is taken from the Statistical Business Register and includes enterprises engaged in trade activity (NKD Rev.2, Section G - Trade, Divisions 45, 46, 47).
Stratification criteria:The sample is stratified, and stratification is made on the basis of activity and turnover size. All large and medium-sized enterprises are included in the sample, while the rest are determined randomly.
Sample size: For 2023, the sample size was 1210 enterprises.
Frequency of updating the sample: the sample is updated annually. Large and medium-sized enterprises are kept while those which have closed or changed their activity has been replaced.

The data are collected on monthly level.

Data from the business entities are collected monthly via online data collection system e-STAT.

Data checking is performed in accordance with the defined criteria for logical and mathematical controls. Checking is done before and after data entry. In case of deviations or some inconsistencies, the respondents are contacted. Data validation is done according to validation rules before their publishing, also after publishing.

Editing: The statistical survey is conducted monthly on the basis of a sample. Data collection is done via online data collection system e-STAT, and data control and processing are performed in the SSO.
Imputation: Imputation is made for non-response using data from the previous period (historical imputation).

Data are both seasonally and working day adjusted using JDemetra+.

Not applicable.