Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia

Demography and Social Statistics Division, Labour Statistics Section

Litostrojska cesta 54, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Number of employees and self-employed persons
The main source for the data on persons in employment is the Statistical Register of Employment (SRDAP). The data are collected by the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia and they are reported to the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. The sources for SRDAP are also the Central Population Register (eCRP), the Slovenian Business Register, the Statistical Business Register (SPRS), the Information System for the Transmission and Analysis of Data on Earnings, Other Payments and the Number of Employees in the Public Sector (ISPAP), and some other sources of the Statistical Office.
 
Hours worked by employees
Data are obtained exclusively from the existing (available) statistical and administrative data sources: Earnings of persons in paid employment by Legal Persons (ZAP/M), Earnings of persons in paid employment by Registered Natural Persons (ZAP-RFO), Labour Force Survey (ANP) and Working Time Structure Survey (ZAP-SDČ), Statistical Register of Employment (SRDAP), administrative record 'Temporary/Permanent Absence from Work due to Illness, Injury, Care, Escort and Other Reasons (NIJZ 3)' and calendar (data on the number of public holidays and other non-working days, determined by the legislation).
 
Wages and salaries
Since the data for November 2015 the source of data on earnings for budget users is the Information System for the Transmission and Analysis of Data on Earnings, Other Payments and the Number of Employees in the Public Sector (ISPAP), while for other legal persons the ZAP/M questionnaire of the Monthly Statistical Survey on Earnings of Persons in Paid Employment by Legal Persons is used. Prior to that, the source of data on wages and salaries was the statistical survey Monthly Report on Earnings by Legal Persons. Data are collected every month by the Agency for Public and Legal Records (AJPES) and sent to Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SURS) for statistical processing.

SKD 2008 - Standard Classification of Activities, V2 (NACE Rev. 2 equivalent); SKIS - Standard Classification of Institutional Sectors, V2 (harmonized with the ESA transmission program)

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Activities covered
Data cover all NACE Rev. 2 activities (from A - Agriculture, forestry and fishing to T - Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use). For each annex, a separate file is sent.
Size classes covered
All size classes are covered.
 
Hours worked by employees and Wages and salaries
Activities covered
Survey data cover all NACE Rev. 2 activities (from A - Agriculture, forestry and fishing to S - Other service activities).
Size classes covered
Survey covers all legal persons or their units registered for performing activity in the Republic of Slovenia, including all size classes. However, legal persons or their units without paid employees, individual private entrepreneurs and persons in paid employment working for them, own account workers and farmers are excluded.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Observation units in Statistical Register of Employment are:
- persons in paid employment and self-employed persons who work and who have compulsory social insurance based on the employment contract,
- and farmers.
Persons in paid employment are employed by:
- legal persons (enterprises, companies, institutions or other organisations) or subsidiaries of foreign enterprises, elected or appointed holders of public functions, mothers with children working under special regulations, owners of enterprises who run them personally and are not insured elsewhere,
- natural persons (i.e. own account workers performing their activity as the only or principal occupation), and by natural persons using supplementary work of other people.

Self-employed persons are persons performing economic or gainful activity (individual private entrepreneurs) and own account workers performing their activity as the only or principal occupation (e.g. lawyers, independent researchers, priests, etc.).
 
Hours worked by employees
include hours actually worked during normal working hours, hours worked by employees in addition to those (paid and unpaid overtime), time spent at the place of work on tasks such as preparing the site and time of short rest periods at the work place. The concept of hours worked by employees excludes hours paid but not actually worked, such as the hours of annual leave, state holidays and work-free days, sick leave, time spent for meal breaks and time used for commuting between home and work.
The data covers all persons employed by legal persons and natural persons with signed contracts of permanent or fixed-term employment (work contracts are not taken into account) for full- or part-time job.
Self-employed persons, persons engaged in community work schemes, posted workers and farmers are not covered.
 
Wages and salaries
Gross earnings are payments paid out to persons in paid employment for working full time, part time or overtime. They also cover all other payments set out on this basis: income for overtime, supplements for annual leave, paid leave up to 7 days, national holidays, sickness pay for up to 20 working days (in cases of incapacity of the worker due to illness or non-work-related injury) or up to 30 working days (in cases of incapacity of the worker due to occupational disease or injury), job training, slowdown through no fault of the persons in paid employment, paid absence and similar, earnings and supplements of earnings for previous months, income for past work, incentive bonuses, awards, premiums, and bonuses after periodic and final accounts.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Reporting unit
Enterprises and organisations are required to register all changes regarding employees within 8 days (administrative sources). Self-employed persons are responsible to register all changes for themselves.

Observation unit(s)

Persons in paid employment and self-employed are persons who are compulsory social insurance contributors, regardless of whether they work full-time or part-time, including those on maternity leave, leave for care or protection of a child, or absent from work due to illness, injury, or caring for a close family member (for more than 30 working days. 

Hours worked by employees and Wages and salaries
Reporting unit
Reporting unit is a legal person registered for performing activity in the Republic of Slovenia.
Observation unit(s)
Observation units are legal persons or their units registered for performing activity in the Republic of Slovenia. Information for local kind-of-activity unit (L-KAU) is collected.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Persons in paid employment and self-employed are persons who are compulsory social insurance contributors, regardless of whether they work full-time or part-time, including those on maternity leave, leave for care or protection of a child, or absent from work due to illness, injury, or caring for a close family member (for more than 30 working days).

Hours worked by employees
Persons in paid employment by legal persons (i.e. business entities or its units) in the private/public sector or by registered natural persons, both registered for performing their activity on the territory of the Republic of Slovenia, which has received a wage and/or a non-refunded wage compensation paid by the employer (i.e. from the employers resources) in the observed (reference) quarter.

Wages and salaries
The Monthly Statistical Survey on Earnings of Persons in Paid Employment by Legal Persons covers all persons in paid employment who signed employment contracts (contract work is not taken into consideration). Individual private entrepreneurs and persons employed by them, own account workers, workers in employment promotion schemes, posted workers and farmers are not covered. Apprentices are not included as well.

All indicators
Reference area covers the entire territory of the Republic of Slovenia. No particular regions are excluded.
Activities outside the geographical coverage are not included in the data.

All indicators
Data are available from the first quarter 2000.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
For STS indicators the reference and the base year is 2015. The base year 2021 is going to be implemented with the data for the 2nd quarter 2024.

Hours worked by employees
For STS indicators the reference and the base year is 2015. The base year 2021 is going to be implemented with the data for the 3rd quarter 2024.
At the national level for indices we use different reference periods: previous quarter, same quarter of the previous year and average of 2008.

Wages and salaries
For STS indicators the reference and the base year is 2021. At the national level data are published monthly and at the different aggregation levels as for STS statistics. For indices we use different reference periods: previous month, same month of the previous year, average of the same months of the previous year.

From March 2024, Eurostat has published all indices with base year 2021. The whole time series is recalculated / rescaled accordingly. Therefore, the data with reference year 2023 is published in Eurostat’s database with base year 2021.

All indicators
STS indicators are transmitted to Eurostat as indices. On the national level, data are published as indices and as absolute figures but at the different aggregation levels as for STS statistics.

Number of employees and self-employed persons and Wages and salaries
Month (nationally), quarter (Eurostat).

Hours worked by employees
Quarter

All indicators
Reporting units are obliged to provide information based on the National Statistics Act (OJ RS, No. 45/95 and No. 9/01) and the Annual Program of the Statistical Surveys. Penalty provisions are declared under the Article 54 of National Statistics Act.
The legal basis for the European short-term business statistics indicators is Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (Text with EEA relevance) and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (Text with EEA relevance).

Not available.

All indicators
Individual responses are confidential. General policy on confidentiality is ensured by the National Statistics Act (OJ RS, No. 45/95 and No. 9/01).

All indicators
Confidential data are treated in the disseminated results. "Sensitive" data are determined by specific rule corresponding to the threshold of minimum number of units. With a view to possible disclosure of the classified information of reporting unit, "sensitive" data are suppressed and labelled with specific statistical sign of confidential data (i.e. z).

There is an advance notice of release dates for one year.

Release calendar for current year is available on SURS website https://www.stat.si/statweb/en/ReleaseCal.

Simultaneous release to all interested parties
Data are published at 10:30 on the day specified in the release calendar.

Identification of internal government access to data before release
Public administration (or Government) receives data at the same time as other users.

Transmission to Eurostat and further use of the statistics
Nationally published monthly data are not transmitted to Eurostat. Data transmitted to Eurostat are quarterly indices calculated under the STS domain BCS.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Nationally published data on number of persons in employment are produced and released monthly with the First Release and with data in the SiStat Database around 16th of the month (release calendar for current year is available on SURS website http://www.stat.si/statweb/en/ReleaseCal). STS indices are transmitted to Eurostat quarterly.

 
Hours worked by employees
Nationally published data on average monthly earnings are produced and released quarterly. Data are published in the First Release and in the SiStat Database 70 days after the reference period. STS indices are transmitted to Eurostat quarterly.
 
Wages and salaries
Nationally published data on average monthly earnings are produced and released monthly. Final data are published in the First Release and in the SiStat Database on the 22nd of the month (or on the 21st, if the 22nd is a Saturday, a Sunday or a holiday). Except data for December are provisional when first released (February 15) and become final when detailed data are published (52 days after the reference period). STS indices are transmitted to Eurostat quarterly.

Nationally data are published monthly (number of persons employed, wages and salaries) or quarterly (hours worked) in news release named First Release. STS indices are not disseminated in national news releases.

Name of national paper publications
Stat'o'book - Statistical overview of Slovenia. STS indices are not published.

Name of national electronic dissemination
SURS web site, SiStat Database. STS indices are not published.

Detailed data are disseminated in form of standard tables in the SiStat database (data are in PC-Axis format). STS indices are not published.

Microdata are not disseminated. Researchers should contact the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia to ask for access to the micro-data.

The data on construction put in place are transmitted to Eurostat according to STS Requirements under NACE Rev. 2 in order to compile EU aggregates and for the dissemination of national data in Eurostat’s dissemination database.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Methodological explanations are available on the SURS web site (http://www.stat.si/StatWeb/File/DocSysFile/9539/07-009-1-ME.pdf).
 
Hours worked by employees and Wages and salaries
Standard questionnaire for wages and salaries can be accessed on the SURS web site (https://www.stat.si/statweb/File/DocSysFile/10767/ZAP-M_2020.pdf), but only available in Slovenian language. Methodological explanations are available on the SURS web site (http://www.stat.si/statweb/File/DocSysFile/8269/07-278-ME.pdf and http://www.stat.si/statweb/File/DocSysFile/8034/07-010-ME.pdf).

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Not available.

Hours worked by employees
Not available.

Wages and salaries
Annual Quality Reports can be acquired on the SURS web site (http://www.stat.si/statweb/File/DocSysFile/8471/LPK_ZAPM_2014_EN.pdf).

After the adoption of European Statistics Code of Practice SURS begin to publish Standard Quality Reports for Statistical Surveys summarizing quality components in line with Eurostat’s definition. The reports include information about relevance, accuracy, timeliness and punctuality, accessibility and clarity, comparability, coherence and additional component costs and burdens.

Nationally published data are produced in compliance with national methodological requirements and needs. Key data users express their additional data requirements or other methodological issues at regular sessions of Statistical Advisory Committee on Labour Statistics at SURS. All news releases on provisional and final data are published in conformity with the release calendar. Short-term statistics on employment (210) are sent to Eurostat according to predetermined dates in release calendar, i.e. 60 days after the end of the reference period; short-term statistics on hours worked (220) and on wages and earnings (230) are sent 90 days after the end of the reference period. The same statistical concepts are applied in the entire national territory. Comparable short-term statistics on labour indicators are available from the first quarter of 2000 onward. The aggregates are always consistent with their main sub-aggregates.

Data meet the needs of different users (Institute of Macroeconomic Analysis and Development of the Republic of Slovenia, Bank of Slovenia, Ministry of Labour, Family Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia, The Association of Employers of Slovenia, International Monetary Fund, Economic Institute of the Faculty of Law researchers, DRI Investment Management Ltd., National accounts, students etc.). Short-term statistics on employment (210) are produced for Eurostat under STS requirements.

Key data users express their additional data requirements or other methodological issues at regular sessions of Statistical Advisory Committee on Labour Statistics at SURS. Monitoring the satisfaction and needs of users is reported every year. For 2023 it was published in June 2024 (https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/News/Index/12908).

Collected data correspond to data requirements designated in national legislation and also those laid down in European business statistics 2019/2152 and subsequent implementing and amending regulations.

The sampling error is not applicable due to full coverage.
The estimates are not biased.  

Since the survey is not conducted based on a sample, the estimates do not include a sampling error.

There are no significant non-sampling errors.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
First Releases and detailed data in the SiStat Database for the national data are published 45 days after the reference period (for example for December they are published on 16th February).
 
Hours worked by employees
First Releases and detailed data in the SiStat Database for the national data are published 70 days after the reference period.
Data are obtained exclusively from the existing (available) statistical and administrative data sources.

Wages and salaries
First Releases and detailed data in the SiStat Database for the national data are published 52 days after the reference period. Only data for December are provisional when first released (February 15) and become final when detailed data are published (52 days after the reference period).
Data are collected by the AJPES via web questionnaire (ZAP/M) and then sent to SURS. In cases when the data transmission in electronic form is not possible, reporting units exceptionally transmit it in a paper form. Reporting units must provide monthly data no later than the last day of the reference month.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
All news releases on provisional and final data are published in conformity with the release calendar. Short-term statistics on employment are sent to Eurostat according to predetermined dates in release calendar, i.e. 60 days after the end of the reference period.
 
Hours worked by employees and Wages and salaries
All news releases on provisional and final data are published in conformity with the release calendar. Short-term statistics on hours worked by employees and on wages and earnings are sent to Eurostat according to predetermined dates in release calendar, i.e. 90 days after the end of the reference period.

The same statistical concepts are applied in the entire national territory and are in line with the definitions in Regulation on European business statistics and Amendments to this Regulation (No. 2019/2152), with subsequent amendments to the Regulation, and with the Commission implementing regulation 2020/1197.

Comparable short-term statistics on labour indicators are available from the first quarter of 2000 on.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Data comparison is made with LFS data (methodological differences are published in methodological explanations) and with National Accounts employment data according to ESA 95/2010. Results are confronted with the results from Monthly Statistical Survey on Earnings of Persons in Paid Employment by Legal Persons (abbrev. ZAP/M) and other business surveys on industry and retail trade. The results are reasonably coherent.
 
Hours worked by employees and Wages and salaries
There is no other source for the data on hours worked by employees. Data on wages are comparable to the annual data from the tax register.

The aggregates are always consistent with their main sub-aggregates.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Because administrative data are used to calculate short-term statistics on employment (210), no burden is posed on the reporting units. In 2017, SURS spent about 32 hours on producing the STS indices on number of persons employed.
 
Hours worked by employees
Because administrative data are used to calculate short-term statistics, no burden is posed on the reporting units.

Wages and salaries
To minimise the costs and reporting burden and to avoid duplication in the data collection, data reported by Monthly Statistical Survey on Earnings of Persons in Paid Employment by Legal Persons is also used to calculate the short-term statistics on wages and earnings. In 2017, SURS spent 64 working hours for producing the STS indices on wages and salaries. On the other hand, burden of the completion of the form significantly varies between reporting units and is highly dependent on the data extraction automation process.

Wages and salaries
Only data for December are provisional when first released (February 15) and become final when detailed data are published (52 days after the reference period). Data for other months are final when first released (52 days after the reference period). Methodological explanations about data revision at SURS are published on the website http://www.stat.si/StatWeb/File/DocSysFile/5299/REVISION_2018_methodological_note.pdf.


Data transmitted to Eurostat in form of STS indices are made using the final data, so there are no revisions of STS data.

Hours worked by employees
With the first release of data for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd quarters of the current year data are published as provisional data. With the first release of data for the 4th quarter of the current year data for all quarters of the current year are published as final data. Publishing of provisional and final data is planned. Due to the needs of users for timely information, provisional data are published that meet the criteria of the quality of official statistical data but do not meet the quality that can be met with complete coverage. There is the same revision policy as for the data released nationally.

Revisions are announced in advance. Minor methodological changes are announced at the time of the change. Data usually do not change after the first release.

Hours worked by employees
Usually there are revisions due to the possible change between the provisional and final data. Aggregates and components are revised at the same time. We provide final consistency. There is no revision calendar but in the Release Calendar it is published which data is provisional and which final and also when it is going to be published. The revision is documented in the Methodological Explanation. We analyze the impact of each revision. Major revisions such as changing the data source usually cause time series breaks and are documented in the Methodological Explanation. We communicate to all users in advance in the First Release and in the tables in the SiStat Database. Internal users are informed bilaterally. For the 2023 MAR = 0, MR = 0.

Wages and salaries
Data published in the First Release are final (except data for December that become final 52 days after the reference period). Data usually do not change after the first release. Revisions caused by changing the data source usually cause time series breaks and are documented in the Methodological Explanation. We communicate to all users in advance in the First Release and in the tables in the SiStat Database. Internal users are informed bilaterally. For the 2023 MAR = 0, MR = 0.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Type of source: Statistical register.
Frame on which the source is based: The source is based on statistical surveys and administrative registers, which are maintained by various institutions (Pension and Disability Insurance Institute (ZPIZ); Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia (ZZZS); Employment Service of Slovenia (ESS); Ministry for the Interior and Public Administration (MNZ); Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SURS)).
Sample or census: Census.
Criteria for stratification: Not relevant.
Threshold values and percentages: Not relevant.
Frequency of updating the sample: Not relevant.

Hours worked by employees
Statistical data sources used are:
• other statistical surveys: Earnings of persons in paid employment by Legal Persons (ZAP/M), Earnings of persons in paid employment by Registered Natural Persons (ZAP-RFO), Labour Force Survey (ANP) and Working Time Structure Survey (ZAP-SDČ);
• Statistical Register of Employment (SRDAP);
• calendar (data on the number of public holidays and other non-working days, determined by the legislation)
• administrative record 'Temporary/Permanent Absence from Work due to Illness, Injury, Care, Escort and Other Reasons (NIJZ 3)'.

Wages and salaries
Type of source: Since the data for November 2015 the source of data on earnings for budget users is the Information System for the Transmission and Analysis of Data on Earnings, Other Payments and the Number of Employees in the Public Sector (ISPAP), while for other legal persons the ZAP/M questionnaire of the Monthly Statistical Survey on Earnings of Persons in Paid Employment by Legal Persons is used. Prior to the data for November 2015, the only source was the 1-ZAP/M questionnaire of the Monthly Statistical Survey on Earnings by Legal Persons.
Frame on which the source is based: Business Register of the Republic of Slovenia and Statistical Register of Employment define the survey frame.
Sample or census: The survey is carried out exhaustively (census).
Criteria for stratification: Not relevant.
Threshold values and percentages: Not relevant.
Frequency of updating the sample: Not relevant.

Number of employees and self-employed persons and Wages and salaries
Data are collected monthly.

Hours worked by employees
Data are collected quarterly.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Questionnaires used in the survey: M-1, M-2, M-3, (these are national M-forms) related for example to registration for insurance, cessation, change. It is very important that data from SRDAP can be connected with data from the Business Register of Slovenia (through the business register record number) and with the Central Population Register (through the personal identification number). SRDAP is updated monthly with data from the Central Population Register (eCRP), the Slovenian Business Register, the Statistical Business Register (SPRS), the Information System for the Transmission and Analysis of Data on Earnings, Other Payments and the Number of Employees in the Public Sector (ISPAP), and some other sources of the Statistical Office.
Planned changes in national questionnaires: No changes are planned in the national questionnaires.
Data collection media: Paper or electronic form.
Planned changes in data collection methodology: No changes are planned in the data collection methodology.
 
Hours worked by employees
Data are obtained exclusively from the existing (available) statistical and administrative data sources: Earnings of persons in paid employment by Legal Persons (ZAP/M), Earnings of persons in paid employment by Registered Natural Persons (ZAP-RFO), Labour Force Survey (ANP) and Working Time Structure Survey (ZAP-SDČ), Statistical Register of Employment (SRDAP), administrative record 'Temporary/Permanent Absence from Work due to Illness, Injury, Care, Escort and Other Reasons (NIJZ 3)' and calendar (data on the number of public holidays and other non-working days, determined by the legislation).

Wages and salaries
Questionnaires used in the survey: Survey uses nationally standardized questionnaire and since the data for November 2015, also the administrative source Information System for the Transmission and Analysis of Data on Earnings, Other Payments and the Number of Employees in the Public Sector (ISPAP).
Planned changes in national questionnaires: There are no planned changes in the questionnaire.
Data collection media: For the basic data collection from the reporting units principally electronic questionnaire is used (use of paper/postal questionnaire is only exceptional).
Planned changes in data collection methodology: There are no planned changes in the data collection methodology.

The data are checked using SDMX Converter before they are sent to Eurostat.

Number of employees and self-employed persons and Hours worked by employees
Estimates for non-response: Not relevant.
Estimates for grossing-up to population levels: Not relevant.
Type of index: An index for each new reference period is calculated by comparing its value directly with the base period average value.
Method of weighting and chaining: Not relevant.
Planned changes in production methods: No changes are planned in production methods.

Wages and salaries
Estimates for non-response: Estimates for non-response is treated based on the responses of the previous months, where only monthly earnings are taken into account.
Estimates for grossing-up to population levels: Not relevant.
Type of index: A simple value index is used. Index for each new reference period is calculated by comparing its value directly with the base period average value.
Method of weighting and chaining: Not relevant.
Planned changes in production methods: There are no planned changes in production methods.

Number of employees and self-employed persons
Not relevant.
 
Hours worked by employees and Wages and salaries
For the STS indices working day adjustment (WDA) procedures are used, whilst for the nationally published data they are not.

For seasonal adjustment JDemetra+ 2.2.0 is used.

Selection of the model is manual, but some automatic tests are used for help (test for transformation, automatic detection of outliers, automatic selection of ARIMA model).

For each new release of unadjusted data, the parameters of the models are re-estimated; the models mostly remain the same, but sometimes they are changed (e.g. an outlier at the end of a time series is added). Major changes of the models usually occur every few years.

For each new release of unadjusted data, the whole seasonally adjusted time series are revised.

Hours worked by employees: all (23) time series have multiplicative decomposition.

Wages and salaries: 22 time series have multiplicative decomposition and 1 time series has additive decomposition.

Critical value for outlier detection depends on the time series, usually it is between 2.5 and 3.5. Most of the time series don't have the possibility of outlier detection.

There are no seasonal breaks in the time series.

All the time series are seasonally adjusted directly.

Residual seasonality is checked when the model is selected. Afterwards, residual seasonality diagnostics are taken into account.

All the time series are seasonally adjusted directly, so seasonally adjusted data of an aggregate are not composed of seasonally adjusted data of its components. When models are selected or changed, connection between an aggregate and its components is taken into account (similar time series have similar models …).

Hours worked by employees

MODELS

LEGEND

Wages and salaries

MODELS

Critical value for outlier detection depends on the time series, usually it is between 2.5 and 3.5. Most of the time series don't have the possibility of outlier detection.

Filter length is automatically chosen.

There are no seasonal breaks in the time series.

All the time series are seasonally adjusted directly.

Residual seasonality is checked when the model is selected. Afterwards, residual seasonality diagnostics are taken into account.

All the time series are seasonally adjusted directly, so seasonally adjusted data of an aggregate are not composed of seasonally adjusted data of its components. When models are selected or changed, connection between an aggregate and its components is taken into account (similar time series have similar models …).

None.