Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)

Short Term Business Statistics Department 

Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)

Necatibey Cad. No:114 06420 Cankaya / ANKARA

The Turkish data for the STS indicators are obtained from administrative data of Social Security Institution (SSI) and Turkish Revenue Administration (TRA).

Indicator covered is wages and salaries. Total gross payments on payroll to employees paid every month are the remuneration payable  before deducting the income tax, including social security and retirement payments of workers. Total gross wages and salaries payments, give in exchange overwork paid overtime payments, shift working and  night extra payments, paid  every month bonus, premium payments with done food, rent contribution etc social contribution payments are indicated in this section.

Annual leave, casual leave or wages and salaries which liable to a fee like leave used, with including machines stoppages, shortage of raw etc in case of working  prohibitive condition paid partial or full fare payments are also included. Excluding paid which is made to social security  institutions by employer’s payments and lay-off and severance payments.

Payments which is made to employee, not paid regularly every month with gross bonus/premium and indemnity, social and in kind contribution etc payments, due to work, property of the work place and qualifications of worker, not paid every month certain months of year payments are including.

Besides periodically certain months of year(quarterly, semi-annually etc) paid bonuses and premiums with every social contribution in cash to employee not paid every month (fuel cash, clothing allowance which workers use daily life, holiday allowance etc) are also including at this question.

NACE Rev. 2.

Activities covered: Sections B to E of NACE Rev. 2.

Wages and salaries

Wages and Salaries: gross payments indicated in payroll before deducting income tax, including social security contributions and retirement payments of workers but excluding the social security contributions by the employer. Remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees as a rule at regular intervals for time worked or work done, together with remuneration for time not worked are included. The components of earnings are treated in four main groups: direct wages and salaries, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities, and payments in kind and in cash.

Reporting unit: Enterprise.

Observation unit(s): Enterprise.

Full enumeration.

The whole country (Turkey) is covered.
Activities outside the geographical coverage are not included in the data.

Data for mining and quarrying have been compiled since 1958, however the data of mining and quarrying are available electronically since 2005. The manufacturing survey has been conducted since 1980, and data for energy sector has been compiled since 2005.

2015

Indices and percentage changes

Quarter

Legal basis: Turkish Statistical Law no. 5429, of 10 November 2005.

Obligation on units to provide data: Compulsory surveys. Fines can be given in cases of non-response or deliberate reporting of wrong information according to the Statistical Law no. 5429.

Planned changes in legal basis, obligation to respond and frame used: None

Data are transmitted to Eurostat.

All statistics collected and published by TURKSTAT are governed by the Turkish Statistical Law no. 5429, of 10 November 2005.

Under the terms of the Statistical Law:
1. TURKSTAT has the independence to determine the methodology and release dates of statistics for which it is responsible.
2. Data are collected only for statistical purposes and confidentiality is assured.
3. The confidentiality of individual responses is guaranteed.
4. The TURKSTAT logo is used on all statistics published under the law.
5. The public dissemination of economic statistics is required.

If the number of statistical units in any cell of the data table formed by aggregating the individual data is less than three, or if one or two of the statistical units are dominant even if the number of units is three or more, the data in the concerned cell is considered confidential. Confidential data can be published only when combined with other data so as not to allow any direct or indirect identification. All measures to prevent any illicit access, use or revelation of the confidential data shall be taken by the institutions and organisations producing official statistics.

The confidential data compiled, processed and preserved for the production of official statistics cannot be delivered to any administrative, judiciary or military authority or person, can not be used for purposes other than statistics or as an instrument of proof. Confidential data can be accessed only by persons involved in the production of official statistics, to the extent that they are needed for performing their duties properly.

A year-ahead calendar that gives precise release dates is disseminated on the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) website http://www.turkstat.gov.tr

https://www.tuik.gov.tr/Kurumsal/Veri_Takvimi

Simultaneous release to all interested parties: The data are released to all interested parties by issuing the news release “Short-Term Business Statistics, Industrial Labour Input Indicators”. Simultaneously, the news release is disseminated on the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) website http://www.turkstat.gov.tr.

Identification of internal government access to data before release: There is no special application for this item.

Transmission to Eurostat and further use of the statistics: Data are transmitted to Eurostat.

Quarterly

Industrial Labour Input Indices (Industrial Employment Index, Hours Worked in Industry Index and Gross Wages-Salaries in Industry Index) are disseminated in a special release with a brief explanation of the results each quarter. The very detailed set of series is disseminated without explanation.

The news releases in English are available free of charge on Turkstat’s website.

https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=istihdam-issizlik-ve-ucret-108&dil=2

Name of national paper publications: The results of the indices are published in the news release “Short-Term Business Statistics, Industrial Labour Input Indicators”.

Name of national electronic dissemination: The news release “Short-Term Business Statistics, Industrial Labour Input Indicators” are available on the TURKSTAT web site.

Online database can be accessed via https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=144&locale=en

Not available.

STS labour input indices data (unadjusted and adjusted) are transmitted to Eurostat to be used in European aggregates and to be released as national data.

Dissemination of documentation on methodology and sources used in preparing statistics: Methodology and sources used in statistical compilation are disseminated on the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) website https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=istihdam-issizlik-ve-ucret-108&dil=2

Description of standard tables produced: Data are given as indices at the 2-digit NACE Rev. 2 level in the news release. The following indices are compiled:
— Quarterly Employment Index (2015=100),
— Quarterly Hours Worked Index (2015=100),
— Quarterly Gross Wages-Salaries Index (2015=100).

Not available.

All authorities that have statistical production in Turkey should obtain the necessities about quality of their data and disseminated statistical outputs within the official statistical principles according to the “Official Statistics Programme”. The Official Statistical Programme is monitored by Statistical Council of Turkey within the precidency of Turkstat. The quality assurance concerns such as the contents of statistical data, production processes and service to data users.

Official statistical principles with quality assurance framework covered can be found at:

https://www.officialstatistics.gov.tr/en/detail/resmi-istatistik-prensipleri/

Turkstat has also its own Board of Data Quality Control which monitores teh statistics produced according to the official statistical principles.

The quality of statistics is assessed according to the principles of official statistics and Board of Data Quality Control.

Industrial labour input indices are detected for criteria below;

Relevance: Enterprises which indices are calculated from are checked for main activities with SBS, BR and other surveys to be assured. Opininons are obtained in specific matters from users (public or private) about calculating indices and also technical support/advice from Eurostat stuff is taken.

Accuracy and reliability: Data source and results are regularly assessed and validated. Revisions to develop statistical process is analyzed regularly.

Timeliness and punctuality: Dissemination of press release and indices day and time announced to public at the beginning of the year which can be accessed at http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/ingtakvim/tkvim.zul#tb1 Possible deviations from the publishing calendar, and a new date is notified to the public.

Comparability: All labour input indices are comparable with EU and other international regulations. Methodological studies are done with close cooperation between Eurostat.

Coherence: Eurostat and other international disclosure standards are covered.

Industrial Labour Input Indices are used by different national and international institutions and non-institutional users:

Institutions: Ministries, National Central Bank, political institutions (e.g. parliament), local authorities

International institutions: Eurostat, OECD, UN, ILO, IMF

Social actors: Trade Unions

Researchers and Educational Institutions

Media

Enterprises/businesses

Internal users

Public

No index for user satisfaction is available.

Data are compatible with EU regulations.

Data source and results are regularly assessed and validated. Revisions to develop statistical process is analyzed regularly.

No sampling error, administrative data.

None.

Timeliness: Quarterly Indices of Industrial Employment, Hours Worked and Gross Wages-Salaries are released as estimates at the end of the second month following the reference quarter.

The news releases are published according to the announced release calendar.

All indices are comparable with EU and other countries. Methodological studies are done with close cooperation between Eurostat. The same statistical concepts are applied in the entire Turkish national territory. No geographical discrepancies exist.

Data on industrial labour input  are comparable over time. When significant changes are introduced (e.g. change of classification, base year or methodology), historical time series are recalculated as far back as it is reasonably possible. Time series according to NACE Rev. 2 are available from 2005 onwards.

Dissemination of information that support statistical cross-checks and provide assurance of reasonableness: None

Confrontation with other data sets: Results are compared with Labour Force Survey results.

Estimates of labour input data have complete internal consistency as they are based on the same corpus of microdata and are calculated using the same methods of estimation.

None.

Revision is done due to the questionnaires which are late to index calculation and the errors which are made by the data providers.

Revision is done also due to the updating of the base year and changes in statistical methods, concepts, definitions and classifications.

For series;

1. Index values are revised for previous quarter in current quarter.

2. Index values are revised for each quarter in the end of year.

For the seasonal adjusted series;

1. Series are revised during the calculation of each quarter for last three years. 

2. In the end of the year due to system and the methodology; the model structure of series, model parameters and outlier structure are revised if there is a change. After this process the series are revised.

3. In seasonal and calendar adjusted data; the model, filters, outliers and calendar variables are re-identified following the publication of the last bulletin of each year. Along the next year, parameters and factors are re-estimated in each bulletin period. The effects of this revision, which is sourced by the re-estimation of seasonality and calendar factors, is reflected on the data of last three years excluding the current year.

The news release indicates that the data are preliminary and are subject to revision. The preliminary results are final at the end of the reference year. Any major changes in methodology are announced at the time of the change and the data compiled using the revised methodology are released.

All enterprises (full enumeration) that declare their paid employees on Social Security Institution (SSI) Monthly Premium and Service Return and Turkish Revenue Administration (TRA) Withholding Tax Return records are included in the data.

Quarterly

Administrative data.

Administrative data validated for statistical use using procedures for error checking.

Type of index: Laspeyres index method (weighted) with fixed base year is used.

Seasonal and calendar related effects prevent observing the general tendency of data because of their temporary characteristics. Therefore, identification of seasonal patterns of short term indicators plays crucial role in order to make reliable comparisons between consecutive periods.

Method Used

The seasonal adjustment of Labor Input Indices is carried out using TRAMO-SEATS methodology. The software  that is used for the application of this method is JDemetra+ developed by the National Bank of Belgium (NBB) in cooperation with the Deutsche Bundesbank and Eurostat in accordance with the Guidelines of the European Statistical System.

Process of the seasonal adjustment

Seasonal and calendar adjustment process of Labor Input Indices begins at the end of each year with the identification of the models of next year.  This specified model structure is kept fixed throughout the year to adjust seasonally and/or calendar effects. At the end of the year, just like the previous year, specification of econometric estimation models for the following year is done. The identified process repeats itself in a cyclical manner each year.

A substantial portion of Labor Input Indices contain seasonal and/or calendar effects.

Direct or indirect seasonal adjustment

Seasonally and calendar adjusted figures of Labor Input Indices are produced by indirect approach. Firstly the three digit NACE Rev2 classification individual subseries of Employment, Gross Wages-Salaries, Hourly Labour Cost Excluding Earnings and two digit Average Hours Worked subseries are seasonally adjusted. Then these series are used to derive seasonally and calendar adjusted Employment, Gross Wages-Salaries and Hours Worked Indices as well as Hourly Labor Cost Indices in NACE Rev2 two digit subseries, letters, MIGS and sector totals.

Revision Policy

Seasonal adjustment procedure is subject to revisions over time because of the re-estimation of seasonal component as new observations are added. These revisions are implemented on the data of current year and the three years before the current year.
 
Publication

Adjusted data is publishedin 3 different ways.

• “Calendar adjusted” data is derived from unadjusted data by removing calendar and holiday originated effects. Calendar adjusted data should be used in comparisons regarding the same month/period of the previous year.

• “Seasonally adjusted” data is derived from unadjusted data by removing effects originating from seasonal effects. Seasonally adjusted data should be used in comparisons regarding the previous month/period.

• If unadjusted data contains both calendar and holiday, and seasonal effects, “seasonally and calendar adjusted” data is derived by removing these effects. Seasonally and calendar adjusted data should be used in comparisons regarding the previous month/period.

None.