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| For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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| 1.1. Contact organisation | Industry, Retail trade and Services Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España (INE). Construction Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |
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| 1.2. Contact organisation unit | Industry, Retail trade and Services Labour Market Statistics Directorate Construction Dirección General de Programación Económica y Presupuestos. Subdirección General de Estudios Económicos y Estadísticas. |
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| 1.5. Contact mail address | Industry, Retail trade and Services Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 28050 Madrid Spain Construction Paseo de la Castellana 67, C-408 28071 MADRID - SPAIN |
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| 2.1. Metadata last certified | 27/05/2024 | ||
| 2.2. Metadata last posted | 27/05/2024 | ||
| 2.3. Metadata last update | 27/05/2024 | ||
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| 3.1. Data description | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services Wages and salaries in the industry, Retal trade and Services. Wages and salaries are defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable to all persons counted on the payroll. Wages and salaries include the values of any social contributions, income taxes, etc. payable by the employee even if they are actually withheld by the employer and paid directly to social insurance schemes, tax authorities, etc. on behalf of the employee. Wages and salaries do not include social contributions payable by the employer. The source of the data is the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey (QLCS).
Construction The Wage and Salary Index corresponds to that defined according to the regulations: Wages and salaries: The remunerations - fixed and casual - paid in cash and in kind by the undertaking during the reference month. Wages and Salaries are obtained via the Encuesta de Índices de Producción de la Industria de la Construcción (Survey of Construction Industry Production Indices, EIPIC), which is a statistical investigation conducted at regular intervals to evaluate and analyse trends in the main economic variables of companies primarily engaged in construction activity. The aim of the survey is to obtain a complete, consistent and homogeneous set of quantitative data on the behaviour of the “Construction” sector in the business cycle. Main characteristics measured by the survey: Construction undertakings provide information on a monthly basis on a series of economic variables related to their activity: contracting, works carried out, operating revenue, subcontracts, etc., and variables relating to employment: wages and salaries, staff numbers and hours worked. |
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| 3.2. Classification system | |||
NACE Rev. 2. |
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| 3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The activities covered by the QLCS are NACE Rev. 2. Sections B-S at division level. All size classes are covered by the survey. Data sent are Total Industry (B to E36), MIGs, Section-level and 2 digit-level of NACE (NACE E37, E38 and E39 not included), Divisions G45 to J63, L68 to N82 and S95 and the aggregates required.
Construction All undertakings listed in Section F of NACE 93 REV 2.0 (CNAE-2009 in Spain) are covered. |
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| 3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services Wages and salaries Wages and salaries also include taxes, social security contributions and other amounts payable by employees and withheld at source by the employer.
Construction Staff costs * Autonomous workers are not included. Wages and salaries: The remunerations - fixed and casual - paid in cash and in kind by the undertaking during the reference month. Compensation: The amounts paid to staff of the undertaking in compensation for any damage suffered. This specifically includes compensation for dismissal and early retirements. Social security contributions made by the undertaking: This includes the amounts paid by the undertaking to social security bodies for the various services they provide. Contributions to the supplementary pensions system: Amount of contributions paid into pension plans or other equivalent system providing cover for retirement, invalidity or death, in relation to the staff of the undertaking. Other social costs: Social expenditure in compliance with a legal provision or on a voluntary basis by the undertaking (subsidies for staff restaurant, company store, childcare facilities, etc.). |
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| 3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The unit used is the "account of contributions". It is an administrative concept that companies use to pay the social contributions of their employees and usually coincide with the local unit. Construction The information unit is established according to: In practice, the statistical units to be investigated are “the undertakings included in the scope of the survey”. |
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| 3.6. Statistical population | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The population is formed by all local units (the accounts of social security contribution) with independence of their size, included in the General Regime of the social security, in the Special Regime of the Mining of the Coal and in the Special Regime of the sea workers related to maritime transport. Within each account, all the employees associated with the account are investigated (employees with obligation of contributing at least one day in the reference period, with independence of the type of contract and the length of the working day). Construction The statistical population consists of undertakings with paid employees whose main activity is construction, both on their own behalf and for other parties. The main activity of an undertaking is considered to be the one that provides the highest gross value added at factor cost. According to the National Classification of Economic Activities for 2009 (CNAE-2009), activities relating to construction are those listed in Section F, "Construction", as follows: 41.1 Development of building projects: development of projects for the construction of residential and non-residential buildings. 41.2 Construction of buildings: residential and non-residential. 42.1 Construction of roads and railways, bridges and tunnels: roads and motorways, railways and underground railways, bridges and tunnels. 42.2 Construction of utility projects: utility projects for fluids, electricity and telecommunications. 42.9 Construction of other civil engineering projects: specialised construction activities. 43.1 Demolition and site preparation: demolition, site preparation, test drilling and boring. 43.2 Electrical, plumbing and other construction installation activities: electrical installation, plumbing, heating and air-conditioning installation and other construction installation. 43.3 Building completion and finishing: plastering, joinery installation, floor and wall covering, painting and glazing. 43.9 Other specialised construction activities: roofing activities and other specialised construction activities. |
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| 3.7. Reference area | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The geographic area includes the whole national territory. All units located in all regions of the country are researched in the survey. Only national activities are covered. Activities outside the geographical coverage are not included.
Construction It covers all legal units registered in Section F of NACE 93 Rev. 2 Central Directory of Companies of the National Statistics Institute of Spain. The Statistical Operation of the Central Business Directory contains aggregated information of the local companies and units operating in the territory of Spain. It is updated once a year, generating a new information system on January 1 of each period. Data for the study> Comprehensive framework> all companies with more than 99 employees. Sampled frame> companies with fewer than 100 employees. |
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| 3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The length of the time series is from the first quarter of 2000 onwards for Industry activities and from the first quarter of 2008 for Retail Trade and Services.
Construction - Seasonal Survey of the Construction Industry (Encuesta Coyuntural de la Industría de la Construcción - ECIC). Quarterly series 1988-2005. - Construction Industry Production Indices (Índices de Producción de la Industria de la construcción - EIPIC - NACE 93 Rev. 1). Monthly series 2005-2008. - Construction Industry Production Indices (Índices de Producción de la Industria de la construcción - EIPIC - NACE 93 Rev. 2). Monthly series from January 2009 onwards |
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| 3.9. Base period | |||
2021 |
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Industry, Retail trade and Services and Construction Data are transmitted to Eurostat as indices.
In the case of Industry, Retail Trade and Services, the data published on national level are the Labour Cost Index. In Construction, data at the national level are published in indices not adjusted for employment or seasonality. |
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Industry, Retail trade and Services The reference period for the data asked in the questionnaire is the calendar month. The results are presented as quarterly average.
Construction Reference period for the publication of the results of the Survey: Monthly. Reference period for gathering information: Monthly. |
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| 6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The collection, processing and dissemination of statistical operations data for national purposes is set by Law 12/1989, of May 9, Public Statistical Function ( LFEP ) and Fourth Additional Provision of the Law 4/1990 , of June 29 . The LFEP provides that the National Statistical Plan is the main instrument governing statistical activities of the State Administration and contains the statistics to be developed in four years for the services of the State Administration or any other entities dependent on it and those that are to be completed wholly or partly with participation of the Autonomous Communities and local governments under cooperative agreements with state statistical services or, where appropriate, in implementing the provisions of the law. All statistics included in the National Statistical Plan are statistics for national purposes and mandatory. The National Statistical Plan 2020-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15th December, is the plan currently in effect (Statistics of the State Administration). The Quarterly abour Cost Survey (QLCS) is the fundamental source of information for the development of the Labour Cost Index ( LCI ). It is therefore subject to regulation of the statistical operation. Regulation of the European Parliament and Council No. 450/2003 establishing a common framework for the production, transmission and evaluation of comparable labour costs indices
Construction The gathering, processing and dissemination of data from statistical operations for State purposes is governed by the provisions of Law 12/1989 of 9 May 1989, on the Public Statistical Function (LFEP) and the Fourth Additional Provision of Law 4/1990 of 29 June 1990. Under the LFEP, the National Statistical Plan is the primary instrument for organising the Government's statistical activity and contains the statistics to be produced over the four-year period by the Government departments or any other bodies responsible to the Government and those to be prepared with the total or partial participation of the Autonomous Communities and Local Corporations under cooperation agreements with the State statistical services or, as appropriate, in compliance with the provisions of the legislation. All statistics included in the National Statistical Plan are for State purposes and are mandatory. The National Statistical Plan for 2017-2020, adopted by Royal Decree 410/2016 of 31 October 2016, is the plan currently in force. The Survey of Construction Industry Production Indices is subject to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics The Spanish version of these European Union instruments is available at http://www.ine.es/normativa/leyes/UE/minine.htm#30050
Industry, Retail trade and Services and Construction Data transmitted to Eurostat folow:
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| 6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services STS data are not sent to other Institution except Eurostat.
Construction The Survey of Construction Industry Production Indices (EIPIC) obtains all of its information via the specific survey carried out by the Subdirectorate-General for Economic and Statistical Studies of the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility for these statistics; no other institution is involved. Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility makes all non-confidential data available on its dissemination website: Observatorios y estadísticas | Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible The only international body to which EIPIC data are sent is Eurostat |
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| 7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services and Construction Law 12/1989 of the Public Statistics INE states that can not disseminate, or make available in any way, individual or aggregate data that could lead to the identification of any individual person or entity. Moreover, the European Regulation 223/2009 on European statistics establishes the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of the data used to produce European statistics and the access to those confidential data taking into account the technical developments and the needs of users in a democratic society. |
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| 7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The INE takes the necessary logical, physical and administrative provisions for the protection of confidential data from data collection to publication. Confidential data is not published. It is aggregated with other confidential or non-confidential cells to produce a non-confidential data aggregate. For example section B at division level is confidential so only section level is published. Construction The Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility takes all the necessary logical, physical and administrative measures to guarantee the effective protection of confidential data from collection to publication. The survey questionnaires include a legal clause that informs users about the protection of the data collected. When results tables are published, the information is analyzed in detail to avoid any deduction of confidential data on the statistical units. When microdata files are transmitted, the data is always anonymised. |
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| 8.1. Release calendar | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services Data from the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey (QLCS) and from the Labour Cost Index (LCI) are released according to a national calendar. The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year. The calendar is presented to the media at a news conference, and is also disseminated on the INE's website. Data for this STS indicator are not disseminated nationally. They are only transmitted to Eurostat. Construction Release of the data corresponding to the reference month t is staggered so that the data appear on the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility website at t + 55-60 days, in accordance with a predetermined release calendar. |
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| 8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services http://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco41/calen_en.htm
Construction The release calendar is published on the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility website. Calendario de disponibilidad de las estadísticas | Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |
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| 8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services QLCS and LCI Data are released simultaneously to all interested parties by issuing a press release. At the same time, the data are also sent by fax to subscribers, and are posted on the INE's website (http://www.ine.es/en/welcome.shtml). Some users may receive under embargo information as specified in the Code of Practice of the European Statistics. Construction Data are released simultaneously to all interested parties in accordance with the release calendar. At the same time, the data are published on the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility website Observatorios y estadísticas | Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible The data is transmitted to EUROSTAT according to the schedule established for the STS statistics. Tailor-made orders are also sent to registered users. Some users can receive embargoed information as specified in the: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-catalogues/-/KS-02-18-142 |
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Industry, Retail trade and Services The frequency dissemination of the data is quarterly.
Construction The data are disseminated on a monthly basis. |
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| 10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The main results of the survey, the series of Total Labour cost, wage costs, other labour costs (per employee and per worked hour) and hours worked (per employee) are disseminated in a special release with a brief explanation of the results each quarter. The very detailed set of series is disseminated without explanation. The microdata are not disseminated. The data are available on INE's web site and are free of charge.(http://www.ine.es/en/prensa/prensa_en.htm)
Construction No applicable |
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| 10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services Users can access to QLCS and LCI data via the INE website . Specifically , there are the following links : Construction All information relating to the EIPIC is published on the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility website. The following publications can be found there: - Methodological notes - Monthly series (CNAE 2009) - Yearly publications (2006-2008) - Availability timetable All of these publications can be consulted at the following address: Índices de producción de la industria de la construcción (EIPIC) (Base 2021=100) | Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible Annexes: QLCS data LCI data |
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| 10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services INEbase is the system used to store and disseminate at INE Website all statistical information. It contains all the information produced by the INE in electronic format. It is organized basically following the thematic classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration. The basic unit is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to the collection of statistics for a particular sector or theme, from data collected individually. Data from QLCS and LCI are in INEbase\Labour market\ Wages and labour costs http://www.ine.es/en/inebmenu/indice_en.htm
Construction Historical data and other studies is the system used by the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility to store all of its statistical information and disseminate it online. It contains all of the information produced by the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility in electronic format. It is basically organised using a thematic classification. The basic unit is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities leading to the obtaining of statistical results for a given sector or theme from individually-collected data, and can be consulted at the following address:Estadísticas de síntesis, datos históricos y otros estudios | Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |
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| 10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services Microdata are not disseminated.
Construction Users can order specially tailored micro-data files for scientific research purposes. Once the viability of the orders has been examined, users may be granted access to the information under strict conditions of confidentiality. Micro-data are not accessible to the public. |
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| 10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services STS data are transmitted to Eurostat. Customised information must be requested in the Information Area, clearly indicating the details of the contact person (name, postal address, telephone, fax and e-mail, if you have one), and detailing as much as possible the information that you require. Requests will pass through a viability analysis process, programming and subsequent verification that the data obtained safeguard statistical secrecy and are representative.
Construction There is the possibility of ordering tailored information via the functional mailbox. When such orders are processed, restrictions relating to confidentiality or precision are taken into account. EIPIC data are transmitted to Eurostat within the regulatory timeframes. |
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| 10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The methodology of the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey that is the source for the elaboration of the indices are published with the data on the INE's Internet website (Methodology)
Construction Documentation on methodology can be consulted at Microsoft Word - encuesta indices produccion industria construccion2.doc (transportes.gob.es) |
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| 10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services Quality Reports are the same as for the Labour Cost Index and are prepared according to Eurostat Regulation 1216/2003, annually since 2004. Following quality criteria relevance, accuracy, timeliness and punctuality, accessibility and clarity, comparability, consistency, and completeness. The latest available is for the year 2022. Construction Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics follows the criteria of quality, relevance, accuracy, timeliness and timeliness, accessibility and clarity, comparability and consistency and comprehensiveness. A quality assessment and a summary of the statistical situation are carried out each month.
Industry, Retail trade and Services and Construction Data transmitted to Eurostat folow:
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| 11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The quality assurance framework for INE statistics is based on the Code of Good Practice of the European Statistics Eurostat. The Code consists of 15 principles, grouped into three areas: Institutional Environment, Process and Productos. Each principle is associated with a number of indicators to measure. To assess quality different tools provided by Eurostat are used: the indicators mentioned above, DESAP, Peer Review, Quality Audits and user satisfaction surveys. The process of carrying out the statistics has established controls to detect and correct errors in order to ensure the quality of it since the beginning of the process. The collection, recording and validation phases are key development stages of any statistical research . The collection of questionnaires and the recording thereof are carried out in the provincial offices of the INE . In any case, if something wrong or inconsistent data is found , the responsible provincial office of the questionnaire established telephone contact with the informant to clarify information .
Construction The quality assurance framework for the statistics produced by the Subdirectorate-General for Economic Studies and Statistics of the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility is based on ESCoP, the https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-catalogues/-/KS-02-18-142. ESCoP sets out 15 principles, grouped into three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with a series of indicators enabling it to be measured. For quality assessment, various tools provided by EUROSTAT are used: the indicators referred to above, self-assessment (DESAP), peer review, quality audits and user satisfaction surveys. The EIPIC production process is designed to guarantee the quality of the information used and of the results obtained from it. To this end, different quality controls have been devised for all the stages of the process:
Data provided are compared and contrasted with historical information from the same reporting unit, comparative analyses are carried out and rapporteurs are asked to explain any fluctuations in production. - Detection of invalid values. - Estimates in the absence of responses. - Supervision and inspection of fieldwork. - Other permanent monitoring of information flows. |
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| 11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The Quarterly Labour Cost Survey is a high quality product. The sample size offers labour cost indicators within a reasonable sampling errors. The harmonized methodology used allows international comparisons with a high level of solvency and provides an invaluable measure of the evolution of labour costs. As for the limitations of the survey should be pointed out the inherent to the sampling statistical operations such as no response rates and the aforementioned sampling errors or variation coefficients of the estimates. In both cases are kept within reasonable limits. Detailed information on sampling errors is provided periodically in the tables of results published in INEBASE.
Construction The EIPIC indicators are of high statistical quality that meet all the criteria of consistency, comparability, precision, and puntuaity. The methodology follows the recommendations of the United Nations (UN), EUROSTAT and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). |
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| 12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The main users could be classified in the following groups: - International Organisations: European Union Institutions, OECD, International Monetary Fund, International Labour Organisation, etc. - Public Organisms: different Ministries such as the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, etc.; the National Statistical Institute itself for several of its units, such as National Accounts; the Bank of Spain; Regional Institutions, etc. - Social Institutions such as trade unions, employers’ organisations, political parties,... - Research Centres and Universities - The media Each of these users have different needs depending on the destination and usefulness of the information they need. Specifically, changes in labor costs per hour worked is an important indicator for analyzing the short and medium term economic developments. The Commission and the European Central Bank are based on the Labour Costs Index, which shows the short-term evolution of labor costs, to assess the potential inflationary pressures due to the evolution of labor in the labor market .
Construction The survey responds to the information needs of the main users of which the following are of particular note:
Each of these users has different needs according to the destination and use of the information required. For this reason, tailored information is frequently provided. |
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| 12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other f elds such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications, etc. On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date (Users surveys). No specific user satisfaction survey to the QLCS has been carried out although the User Satisfaction Survey indicates the degree of satisfaction of users of labor market statistics. In the user satisfaction survey conducted in 2016, which can be consulted on the website of INE in the category of Quality -> Quality Management -> System evaluation and quality monitoring -> User surveys , you can see the evaluation of "labor market" group in which it is framed this statistical operation . This can give us indications of user opinions of this statistical operation. It is known the opinion of users who have received information on request or who have asked for methodological details. Construction The parties responsible for the survey are in constant contact with the main users when they express a specific need for information. There is no specific user satisfaction survey for the EIPIC. |
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| 12.3. Completeness | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The QLCS meets all requirements established by national and international regulations related to labour costs statistics aimed at local units or enterprises. As the main source of information to produce the Labour Cost Index (LCI), is subject to the regulation of this statistical operation (Reg. 450/2003) Regarding to STS indicators, QLCS provides all the time series required for the variable earnings in the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics.
Construction The survey meets all information requirements laid down in both national and international standards. EIPIC statistics is governed by the following regulations: REGULATION (EU) 2019/2152 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of November 27, 2019 on European business statistics, which repeals 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics The survey provides all of the information required under the regulations: the "level of mandatory results available" is therefore 100%. |
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| 13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The design of the sample attempts to minimize sampling errors and the various processes of the survey are intended to eliminate or reduce as far as possible the errors both in the collection phase (response rate and debugging control) as in subsequent stages of editing and imputation.
Construction The statistics used in the production of the EIPIC are designed in such a way as to guarantee the reliability and accuracy of the indices and data calculated. Validity checks and analyses of the information take place at all stages of the process of obtaining the indices and data. Errors and missing responses are addressed, resulting in high levels of statistical reliability with low error rates and bias. The accuracy of the statistics is determined by the accuracy of the information sources from the Structural Survey of the Construction Industry and the Central Directory of Undertakings of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística that are used in compiling them. For further information, visit the EIPIC website: |
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| 13.2. Sampling error | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The calculation of the coefficients of variation of key variables is performed in each survey implementation and disseminated in the publication of their results and the successive quality reports.
Construction Stratified random sampling with optimal allocation: a sample is taken of companies with less than 100 workers, in the strata without automatic representation, while all large companies with 100 or more workers are included. Companies with less than 100 workers included in the survey sample represent 80-83% of the 4,000 units studied monthly. Companies with 100 workers or more represent 17-20% of the survey sample. The percentages are proportional to the population. |
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| 13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services A control of non sampling errors is performed in every statistical process. It also has specific information on the non-response rate. The study population consists on all employees who work for an employer during the reference month of the survey. The framework used for the sample selection was the General Register of Accounts of Social Security Contributions, held by the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs. When the Register is received from the Social Security, a first debugging is made prior to the selection of the sample, which implies several stages: - To eliminate economic activities regarding agricultural activities, livestock, fishery, households with domestic employees and extra-territorial organisms since these are not part of the survey. - To eliminate the units that belong to the special regime of Social Security sales agents, whose main compensation consists in commissions on sales and who, consequently cannot be surveyed either. After this, the sample is selected and the questionnaires are sent to the selected units; the data collection and debugging stages reveal the errors in the surveyed units. Frame errors: Data collection for 2023 showed that 1.6% in average of the units were inactive or closed . Only 0.02% were erroneously included units. All these units are replaced by others that belong to the same stratum in the next quarter survey. A 1.1% showed no activity during the month surveyed but remain in the sample since they can be units with seasonal activities. Measurement and processing errors: The questionnaire has been elaborated approaching the required information to documents (payslips and social contributions bulletins) that the employer must fill in in relation to their employees, this way the answer is easier to the informants. Debugging errors: This first debugging consists in using filters referring to errors that allow separating valid questionnaires from those with inconsistencies to be revised. The filters are of two kinds: those detecting type I and type II errors. Type I errors: If they are not thoroughly corrected, the questionnaire cannot be considered as valid. Type II errors: They affect norms that have to be complied with towards the coherence of the data. The non-satisfaction of these norms does not necessarily mean that the questionnaire is not valid, but it should be explained why an error is stated. In cases of doubts, a telephone call is made to the respondent for him to elucidate them. There are more than 200 rules that are checked in each questionnaire. After the tabulation, the results obtained are analysed to check the coherence. Non-response rate: The average non-response for year 2023 has been 11.9%.
Construction Checks on non-sampling errors are carried out throughout the statistical process. EIPIC is a specific and unique survey to obtain production data for construction. Tthe sample used is based on the Central Register of Undertakings and Section F of NACE 93 Rev.2.0. Specific information on non-response rates is also available. At the time of publication the non-response rate was below 5%. |
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| 14.1. Timeliness | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The QLCS results refer to quarter t are published at t +80 days. The same day the STS indicator is sent to Eurostat.
Construction The EIPIC is published 55-60 days following the reference month. Advance data are made available to Eurostat within the regulatory timeframes. |
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| 14.2. Punctuality | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The results of the survey are published according to Short-term Statistics Availability Calendar of INE.
Construction The results of the survey are published in accordance with the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility release calendar for statistics, which can be consulted at the following address: Calendario de disponibilidad de las estadísticas | Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible Each publication was issued on the date announced in the release calendar. |
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| 15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The availability of a methodology, a design and a common process for collecting, filtering, editing and elevation throughout its geographic scope, ensures comparability of results between the different regions.
Construction The survey is designed to be homogeneous across the geographical area taken into account in terms of methodology, design, method of collection of information, analysis and verification and screening of data. In addition, at European level, comparability between countries is guaranteed by the regulations: |
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| 15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The results broken down by sections and divisions of NACE-2 for activities included in Idustry are comparable in time since 2000. For economic activities included in Retail Trade and Services the data are comparable since 2008.
Construction The EIPIC was published for the first time in 1988, when it was known as the ECIC (Encuesta Coyuntural de la Industria de la Construcción, Seasonal Survey of the Construction Industry). The changes made since then (changes in periodicity, changes to the sampling framework, change to CNAE, changes to the basis, etc.) have gradually modified certain methodological aspects of the survey, resulting in a degree of interruption to the series, which has been addressed to ensure linked series whenever possible.
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| 15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The use of a single national classification of economic activities allows the possibility to compare the information with other economic statistics on common variables such as National Accounts.
Construction An examination of trends in annual data reveals that there is coherence between the structural surveys of the sector (Structural Survey of the Construction Industry) and the annual results of the EIPIC. Data are contrasted with other studies directly related to the sector:
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| 15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services Estimates of the labour cost variables have complete internal consistency as they are based on the same corpus of microdata and are calculated using the same methods of estimation.
Construction The data used in the calulation of the EIPIC are obtained using a survey specific to these statistics and undergo the same processes of analysis, validation and attribution, rendering them completely coherent. The various subsectors of the construction sector - i.e. building and civil engineering - are obtained directly from the data provided by the reporting units. |
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Industry, Retail trade and Services In order to achieve a balance between sample stability and the informants burden in the QLCS are carried out the following actions: - Distribution of the sample in three monthly sub-samples during the quarter: The sample is distributed in three monthly sub-samples during the quarter, such that the first sub-sample is always interviewed in the first month of each quarter, the second sub-sample is interviewed in the second month of each quarter and the third sub-sample in the last month of each quarter. This way, each unit is interviewed for only four times a year instead of every month reducing the burden of the informants and distributing the monthly workload of INE provincial offices. - Renewal or annual rotation of the sample: The total sample was divided into five groups of rotation so that in the first quarter of each year the oldest group is replaced, representing an annual renewal of 20% of the sample. In this way it is guaranteed that most companies will collaborate in the survey for five years. An exception is made for the units in the exhaustive strata (units with more than 500 employees and those belonging to strata so small that their sampling size necessarily coincides with the population), that are not renovated unless they cease to exist. These units represent 28% of the sample. - To help answer the informants , we have tried to approximate the required information to documents ( payslips and social contributions bulletins ) that the employer must fill in in relation to their employees. In particular , the last section of the questionnaire . Moreover from the first quarter of 2015 section E of the questionnaire was reduced, asking only those variables that are essential to check the internal consistency of the information provided in the questionnaire. The breakdowns of this information are provided by the Social Security from their administrative records. The estimation of the budgetary credit necessary to finance these statistics, as foreseen in the 2023 Annual Programme, comes to a total of 3,416.79 thousand euros.
Construction The workload for the industrial establishments from which we request information has been diminishing in recent years since the implementation of a system offering respondents the possibility of replying online: this, combined with the possibility of using other methods such as email, fax or telephone, has considerably reduced the time and effort invested by respondents in replying to the questions on the questionnaire. According to the most recent data available, the time spent on the survey by the responding undertakings comes to 0.32 person hours per month. Given that the number of reporting units is 4,000, the monthly burden works out at 1,280 hours. Again according to the most recent data, the cost in hours of conducting the EIPIC survey to obtain production indices is the equivalent of 42.592 working hours per year, or 3.549 hours per month. |
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| 17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The data are final when first released and are not subject to revision. Advance notice of major changes in methodology expected to take place during a particular year is given in the annual publication " Programa Anual del Instituto Nacional de Estadística" (in Spanish), which is published in the last quarter of the previous year.
Construction Data are provisional when first published. They remain provisional for six months, since a percentage (< 0.25) of undertakings respond after the deadline or because there is a possibility of undetected errors. Consequently, the provisional data vary very slightly, if at all, in relation to the definitive data. |
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| 17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The data are final when first released and are not subject to revision.
Construction Data become definitive six months after the reference period. |
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| 18.1. Source data | ||||||||||||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The source is the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey (QLCS). It is a sample survey. The population is formed by all employees working for an employer. The framework used for the selection was the General Register of Accounts of Social Security Contributions, held by the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs. An Account of Social Security Contribution is an administrative concept that companies use to pay the social contributions of their employees and usually coincides with the local unit. The procedure for random selection of units corresponds to stratified sampling with optimal allocation, in which the sampling units are the accounts. The stratification criterion is accomplished attending to three variables: Autonomous Community (17 regions), the economic activity (division level of NACE rev.2, from B to S) and eight size intervals. The size of the unit is the number of employees in the unit. The following groups are considered for the stratification: 1. 1-4 employees 2. 5-9 employees 3. 10-19 employees 4. 20-49 employees 5. 50-99 employees 6. 100-199 employees 7. 200-499 employees 8. 500 and more employees The stratum eighth was researched exhaustively. Within each stratum, the units are selected through systematic sampling with random start. The sample is composed of around 28.000 units that they will be interviewed each quarter. The total sample is split into five groups of rotation so that in the first quarter of each year the oldest group is replaced such that one-fifth of the sample is replaced. An exception is made for the units in the exhaustive strata (units of more than 500 employees and those belonging to strata so small that their sampling size necessarily coincides with the population), that are not renovated unless they cease to exist. These units account for 28% of the sample. There is only one questionnaire format for the whole survey population. The questionnaire is revised periodically. It changes when the labour legislation makes it necessary. No changes are currently planned. The survey is carried out by postal questionnaire, web questionnaire, etc. Separate ratio estimators are used based on the number of employees in the Register of Accounts of Social Security Contributions as the auxiliary variable. The index is calculated from the results obtained from the survey comparing its value directly with the base period average value.
Construction Directory: The framework for the survey is the Central Register of Undertakings (Directorio Central de Empresas, DIRCE) which includes information on undertakings with their identifying details, location and territorial distribution, and their classification by size and economic activity. Size and design of the sample: The selection of the sampling units (undertakings) was made by strata defined by the size of the undertakings and the activities in which they are engaged in in accordance with the National Classification of Economic Activities for 2009: at national level, an exhaustive selection was made of all undertakings with 100 or more workers and a random sample was taken of those with fewer than 100 workers, with optimum allocation within each stratum. The size of the sample is approximately 4 000 units. Rotation system: Approximately 20% of the units sampled change each year. |
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| 18.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The QLCS conducted quarterly. The reference period for the information requested in the questionnaire is a month. However, the reference for the results is the quarter. The sample is distributed among the months of the quarter and the estimates are calculated as the average of the whole quarter.
Construction Data are collected on a monthly basis. |
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| 18.3. Data collection | ||||||||||||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The survey is carried out by postal questionnaire, web questionnaire, etc. The main method used by respondents is the Web-based questionnaire. The enterprise receives a letter the first time that it is interviewed with the username and the password to access to the web site and then it could fill in the questionnaire directly field by field or upload the XML file. There is a minimal validation process to consider the questionnaire sent and the process ended. The following times INE sends an email to the respondent reminding the contacts and the survey to be filled. There is a free telephone number in the letter to contact with INE where the respondents could ask all their doubts and also request an excel questionnaire and email address to send it. The sample is composed of around 28.000 units that they will be interviewed each quarter.The sample is distributed in three monthly sub-samples during the quarter, such that the first sub-sample is always interviewed in the first month of each quarter, the second sub-sample is interviewed in the second month of each quarter and the third sub-sample in the last month of each quarter. This way, each unit is interviewed for only four times a year instead of every month reducing the burden of the informants and distributing the monthly workload of INE provincial offices .
Construction Data collection: In order to collect the information that construction companies must provide for the preparation of these statistics, a questionnaire designed to meet the requirements of European regulations is used: REGULATION (EU) 2019/2152 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of November 27, 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics Similarly, every effort has been made to ensure that the economic data requested are adapted to the General Chart of Accounts covering construction companies and, in order to facilitate responses, a reference to the account, accounts or groups of accounts corresponding to the information has been included with the variable requested. Questionnaires for the following three months are sent to the reporting units with the relevant instructions for completing them. Responding undertakings can reply by post, fax, email or on the website. The most recent data indicate that response methods are as follows:
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| 18.4. Data validation | ||||||||||||
Industry, Retail trade and Services The process of carrying out the statistics has established controls to detect and correct errors in order to ensure the quality of it since the beginning of the process. The collection, recording and validation phases are key development stages of any statistical research . The collection of questionnaires and the recording thereof are carried out in the provincial offices of the INE . In any case, if something wrong or inconsistent data is found , the responsible provincial office of the questionnaire established telephone contact with the informant to clarify information .
Construction During the completion stage, a system to detect inconsistencies is used to alert respondents and ask them to confirm or amend the information provided. When the information is entered, a checking system alerts users to any inconsistencies that may emerge. During this process, if any data contain discrepancies the staff member responsible for gathering the information contacts the respondent to ask them to confirm or amend the information provided. Once the information has been compiled, the coverage of the information is checked to guarantee that the data entered are complete and to detect duplications and gaps in coverage, missing responses, etc. Specific software is used for all of these processes. |
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| 18.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||||
Industry, Retail trade and Services In cases of empty units (produced either by incident or by non-response) imputations are made of questionnaires to increase the quality of quarterly estimates. Two methods are used: Partial non-response is not allowed. To obtain grossing-up estimations separate ratio estimators are used based on the number of employees in the Register of Accounts of Social Security Contributions as the auxiliary variable. Once the data are estimated, the index is calculated from the results obtained from the survey comparing its value directly with the base period average value.
Construction Once the information has been received, the process of screening the data can begin. This process consists of two phases: during the first, micro-screening or screening of micro-data takes place, while the second consists of an analysis for various aggregation levels or macro-screening. Micro-screening involves checking the validity of the data from each undertaking, taking account of the historical series provided by it. The analysis establishes month-on-month and year-on-year comparisons. The second part of the screening takes place once the combined data have been processed. The aggregated information goes through a centralised screening process, where errors detected in the main variables are corrected manually and other variables are screened automatically. Where information is available from other sources, the consistency between these and the results of the survey is checked. Estimators: Estimators or extrapolation coefficients are the factors which, from the data obtained in the sample, enable results for the population as a whole to be obtained. The transition from sample to population data is made using a matrix of extrapolation factors for each activity group and occupational stratum. The variable used to obtain the extrapolation factors was the number of undertakings in the DIRCE (population group). The coefficients applied are an attempt to resolve the problem presented by the Directory in relation to incidents on site: stoppages, periods of inactivity, and activities other than building work, etc., since the basic premise is that undertakings that do not respond have the same structure when it comes to incidents. |
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| 18.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||||
Industry, Retail trade and Services In order to allow a full interpretation of the results, the index series are obtained in the following ways: The method used is the Regression correction method using as a regressor an specific serie obtained from the QLCS data. The adjustment of these indicators has been performed according to Standard of INE to correct seasonal and calendar effects and it is available in the section Methods and standards of the INE website. This standard is the result of the working group of Seasonal adjustment in INE, which was created by the Board of Directors of INE in May 2012, and follow the recommendations of the European Union included in ESS guidelines on seasonal adjustment (Standard for adjusting seasonal and calendar effects in short-term series).
Construction To allow a complete interpretation of the results, the series of indices are obtained in the following ways: The method used follows the recommendations of the European Union included in the ESS guidelines on seasonal adjustment (Standard for calendar effects in short-term series). |
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Industry, Retail trade and Services More information on: Methodology
Construction No observations. |
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