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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistics Finland |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Economic Statistics |
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1.5. Contact mail address | PO Box 3B, FI-00022 Statistics Finland |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 13/06/2023 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 13/06/2023 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 13/06/2023 |
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3.1. Data description | ||||||||||
The index of turnover in industry describes development in the turnover of manufacturing enterprises. Turnover for the largest enterprises in their respective industries is described with the data collected with the sales inquiry while the data on sales obtained from the Tax Administration's self-assessed tax data are exploited to describe the turnover of other enterprises. Foreign trade data from National Board of Customs is used for the euro area distinction. Turnover is exclusive of value added tax. The index is calculated separately for turnover, domestic sales and export turnover. |
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3.2. Classification system | ||||||||||
NACE Rev. 2. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | ||||||||||
Activities covered: Size classes covered: |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | ||||||||||
The index of turnover in industry describes development in the turnover of manufacturing enterprises. Turnover for the largest enterprises in their respective industries is described with the data collected with the sales inquiry while the data on sales obtained from the Tax Administration's self-assessed tax data are exploited to describe the turnover of other enterprises. Foreign trade data from National Board of Customs is used for the euro area distinction. Turnover is exclusive of value added tax. The index is calculated separately for turnover, domestic sales and export turnover. In practice: Variables on questionnaire: Domestic sales, sales abroad and of which sales of goods between countries abroad. Variables on administrative declarations: Domestic sales by tax rate, Sales of goods to other EU Member States, Sales of services to other EU Member States, Sales of construction services, Sales taxable at zero VAT rate Administrative data contains some items which should be excluded from turnover by EBS regulation, such as the sales of fixed assets. This is however for the most part corrected by the survey data. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | ||||||||||
Administrative source: enterprise. Statistical survey: mainly enterprise but for the major multi-industrial enterprises kind-of-activity unit is used as an observation unit. |
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3.6. Statistical population | ||||||||||
Target population is industrial enterprises and entrepreneurs. In practice the survey population is enterprises and entrepreneurs which submit self-assessed tax data to the Finnish Tax Administration and fall into NACE sections B, C, D or E. This consists of around 26 000 enterprises. Business register is used for NACE information. The frame is updated monthly and demographic changes, such as and start-ups and the most important mergers and split offs, are included instantly. Closures are included as soon as they are noticed, at the latest in three months delay. |
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3.7. Reference area | ||||||||||
Geographical area covered: the whole country including the Autonomous Region Of Åland. The euro area consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. The turnover figures also include activities carried outside Finnish territories. The largest companies are inquired monthly about the sales of goods and services from abroad to abroad. This information may contain e.g merchanting if it is reported on the financial statement of the company operating in Finland. Fully comprehensive information according to the National Accounts definition of global production has not been acquired through the questionnaire. The quality of turnover in major globally active enterprises has been examined but there is no comprehensive information on its coverage.
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3.8. Coverage - Time | ||||||||||
Data is available from 1995, except for the euro area indicators which are available from 2000 onwards. |
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3.9. Base period | ||||||||||
Base (reference) year: 2015 |
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Indices. |
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Month. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
The production of the indices is based on the Statistics Act (280/2004) and guided by Regulation (EU) (N:o 2019/2152) of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) (N:o 2020/1197) on European business statistics. The Regulation obliges Member States to produce index series on turnover data for certain industries. The Statistics Act (280/04) is the general act for the National Statistical Service (NSS). It contains the principles for the data collection, processing, and dissemination of official statistics. The act defines the roles of statistical authorities (Statistics Finland, Customs, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Tike, Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) and other authorities producing statistics. The Statistics Finland Act (48/1992) states that Statistics Finland (SF) shall provide for the general development of official statistics in collaboration with other central government authorities. The Statistics Act requires that the primarily exploited sources for statistical purposes shall be the data accumulated in the administration of general government and the data produced as a consequence of the normal activities of employers, self-employed persons, corporations, and foundations. SF has the right to have access to these data under the Statistics Act. In addition, all public and private entities in Finland are obliged to provide SF with data on their finances, products and staff as necessary for the production of statistics. The right of SF to collect data by virtue of the obligation does not extend, however, to data that are kept confidential for reasons of international relationships, public safety, the interest of national defence, or the safety of the state. Before any data collection based on the obligation, the statistical authority must consult the respondents or their representatives about the contents, timing, collection methods, duration of storing of the data as well as about costs. Besides those data obtained directly from administrative sources data from natural persons are always collected on voluntary basis by using interviewing or mail and web surveys. In addition, the interviewees must be informed in advance in a written form. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
According to the Statistics Act, data obtained by four statistical authorities may be released to other parties either if permitted by legal provisions explicitly concerning the NSS, or upon express consent of the subject of the data. As far as statistical authorities are concerned they are allowed to transmit confidential data with identifiers to each other if it is deemed necessary for the production of statistics. The same applies to the European Statistical System authorities (ESS Authorities). Co-ordination among data-producing agencies is normal practice at both specialist and top level. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Several legal acts guarantee that individual data should be kept confidential. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Treatment of confidential data: |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
A release schedule for the coming year, specifying precise dates of release, is published in the Release Calendar in December by Statistics Finland. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
The release dates are available on the Internet (https://www.stat.fi/en/future-releases). |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
The results are released simultaneously to all interested parties on predefined days on the home page of the Index of turnover in industry (https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics/tlv). Series are transmitted to Eurostat 45 days after the end of the reference period. Series are transmitted to Eurostat during the same day they are published in Finland. The transmission is done via Edamis web portal by using SDMX coding system. |
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Monthly. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
A monthly publication is made available to the media and the public free of charge. The indices are published monthly on the Internet (https://stat.fi/en/statistics/tlv.)
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
A monthly publication is made available to the media and the public free of charge. The indices are published monthly on the Internet (https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics/tlv). The quality description of the statistics, as well as concepts and definitions, are available on the homepage of the Index of turnover in industry. |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Indices and revisions are published in the StatFin-databank of Statistics Finland (https://statfin.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/). Information published:
Some of the above mentioned data is also published as quarterly, semiannual and annual aggregates. Revisions are published from the original, working day adjusted and seasonal adjusted index series. A revision is presented as the difference between percentage point changes found in the first and the latest release. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Statistics Finland's researcher services offer unit-level data, i.e. micro data, for scientific studies and statistical surveys. The conditions and rules with respect to data access can be found on the home page http://stat.fi/tup/mikroaineistot/index_en.html. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Data is sent monthly to Eurostat. Dissemination on request |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
The documentation on methodology and sources used in preparing statistics is available on the Internet (https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/tlv). Advance notice of major changes in methodology, source data, and statistical techniques. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
The documentation on quality management is available on the Internet (https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/tlv). |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Monthly follow-up of revisions is available for public within every release and in the Statfin-databank index of turnover in industry
Quality policy
Impartiality of statistics
Guidelines for staff behavior |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
The overall quality of the index of turnover in industry is good. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The information is used for the follow-up and analysis of the development of the business statistics in Eurostat, in the European Central Bank, in some international organizations and Finland's public administration and area developing. The economic life and the research institutions use information to the evaluation of the market's and the competitors' development. The Trend Indicator Of Output and Quarterly national accounts use Index of turnover in industry as their source material in Statistics Finland. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Co-operation between SF and important users with regard to the relevance of statistics and the users’ needs consists of an extensive feedback system and co-operative working groups with the main users, such as users of national accounts. There are regular meetings of SF directors and experts with the users, even at the senior management level. Users are usually also invited to participate in discussions concerning the establishment of new statistics or revisions of existing ones. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
All the required series are produced. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Accuracy is good due to total data in use. Data updates over one year backwards. However the most notable changes affect the five most recent months. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Due to accumulation of the VAT data the indices are revised for over a year. The data will be revised the most in the five latest months after the first publication. The first time (lag of around 30 and 45 days) VAT data is received the coverage is approximately 40 per cent and the second time (lag of around 75 days) approximately 99 per cent in terms of business turnover.
From the beginning of January 2019 time series modelling has been used for helping calculations of the indices at a lag of around 45 days. Time series modelling can also be used for some industries at a lag of 75 days in calculations of data. More information about the used forecast methods is available on the Methodological report. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
Preliminary data on turnover in industry are published around 30 days after the end of the reference month on the industry level of total industry (NACE BCD). Indices at more accurate level on sections and division of the industry are published around 45 days after the end of the reference month. Series are transmitted to Eurostat during the same day they are published in Finland. Reporting units should file their declarations to the tax authorities within 1 month and 12 days from the end of the reference month. Statistics Finland receives the data approximately two months after the end of the reference month. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
National publication always on time. 100 percent of the deliveries to Eurostat on time (2022). |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
European definitions are used and therefore the results are internationally comparable. The whole national territory is equally covered. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Indices are comparable over time. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Comparisons are made regularly, for example with the industrial production index and SBS data. The results have drawn closer in recent years. The yearly growth figures are especially similar with SBS, where the difference has been less than one percentage points at section level in the past couple of years. Some differences are likely to remain because of differences in statistical units used.
Sources of differences between statistics are as follows:
Separate purposes of use of statistics |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
The non-seasonally adjusted aggregates are always consistent with their sub-aggregates. |
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Total costs of survey data productions: 5741 person-hours. 2 on year 2019 |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Revisions are possible particularly during the following two months after the publications. Indices are revised according to changes in the data and when errors are corrected. Revisions are analysed for group and division levels monthly. More detailed explanation can be found here http://tilastokeskus.fi/org/periaatteet/revisiokaytannot_en.html. Comparisons are made monthly with the industrial production index. Comparisons are made once a year between STS and SBS data. See more in the paragraph 15.3. of this metadata report. Classification changes introduce regular revisions and are taken into account once a year on one year delay when the Business register is final for the described year. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Because the Tax Administration's self-assessed tax data supplements also after the due date, the data is repeatedly updated for over a year. Revised figures are published monthly according to the changes in data, but not announced as such. Methodological changes, errors in the newest release and the outstandingly significant revisions are announced at the time of change. Errors are corrected immediately. An annual overhaul of seasonal adjustment models is carried out. Monthly follow-up of revisions is available for public within every release and in the Statfin-databank of Index of turnover in industry. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
Administrative source (VAT data, which is basically a census) complemented by a statistical survey of the largest enterprises in each industry (cut-off sample). Data from the Finnish Customs is used for the breakdown of non-domestic turnover into euro area and non euro area indices. Imputation is used for part of the missing data. The unit non response is corrected with one of the five simple rules, and imputed values are included into calculations only when the single imputation can be considered as reliable. The most recent month's VAT data was introduced in April 2020 in indices published with a one and a half months delay. In the first sampling, the coverage of the turnover data is on average of 40 per cent, measured by the turnover of the companies. In the second sampling, the data is almost completely accumulated. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Monthly, collected data refer to full reference month. |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
A web questionnaire is used to collect the survey data. E-mail reminders are sent twice and thereafter the remaining non respondents are contacted by phone. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
Validation level 0:
Validation level 2-3:
Transmission to Eurostat: |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
Type of index From the beginning of January 2019 time series modelling has been used for helping calculations of the indices at a lag of around 45 days. Time series modelling is also used for some industries at a lag of 75 days in calculations of data. More information about the used forecast methods is available on the Methodological report.
Data editing
Estimates for non-response
Weighting From the beginning of January 2019 time series modelling has been used for helping calculations of the indices at a lag of around 45 days. Indirect method is used to produce the aggregate indices at the lag of around 45 days to ensure consistency. |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Gross, working day adjusted, seasonally adjusted and trend series are produced with TRAMO/SEATS-method. - Seasonal adjustment Software used is JDemetra+ 2.2.2 The seasonal adjustment is performed on partially overlapping sub-periods, where structural breaks in seasonality patterns are detected. The overlapping period is set to twelve months in order to avoid breaks in the final seasonally adjusted series. Information about the seasonal adjustment policies in Statistics Finland is available here: http://www.stat.fi/til/tramo_seats_en.html |
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None. |
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