Statistics Poland

Statistical Office in Lublin, Centre of Construction Statistics

Urząd Statystyczny w Lublinie
ul. Stanisława Leszczyńskiego 48, 20-068 Lublin

Index of production in construction (IPC) measures changes in the value of construction and assembly production (without subcontractors) in monthly periods with reference to the base period and with a breakdown into buildings and civil engineering works.
It is deflated by the price index at the 3-digit level of NACE Rev.2.

The Polish Classification of Activities (PKD 2007) based on the NACE Rev. 2

Section F of NACE Rev. 2.
Division 41 Construction of buildings.
Division 42 Civil Engineering.
Division 43 Specialized construction activities.
Data cover the population of economic entities employing 10 or more persons

Index of production in construction is based on the value of the sale of construction and assembly production. The value of the sale of construction and assembly production concerns work realized domestically with the own resources (i.e. without subcontractors) by construction entities i.e. classified according to NACE Rev. 2 in the section ’’Construction” on the basis of contract system (for outside clients). The construction and assembly production includes works consisting in the construction of buildings and structures from site preparation through a wide range of terrestrial work, ground worked (zero state), construction of bearing elements, partitions, the laying and covering of roofs (raw state) to assembly, installation and completion work. The pertinent work connected with the building, rebuilding, expansion, renovation and conservation of permanent and temporary building structures is included in all of these categories. Definition of production in construction index is compliant with Eurostat recommendations and STS methodological manual.

Index for production of building construction is approximated by the sum of Divisions F41 and F43 while index for civil engineering is approximated by Division F42.  

Legal unit is treated as a proxy for enterprise. Data on production in construction are reported by legal units classified to construction activity. These units report the monthly value of construction and assembly production (without subcontractors), excluding revenues from other, non—construction activities. In this context the variable “production in construction” is based on observation unit KAU (i.e. pure construction activity).

The survey covers economic entities employing 10 or more persons classified to section F of NACE Rev.2. The frame for identifying units for the target population is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON). The basis for the selection of entities is their main type of activity according to the Polish Classification of Activities (PKD equivalent of the NACE Rev. 2) and the number of persons employed.

For construction economic entities employing:

• 50 or more persons - a census is conducted (in December 2022, 1469 entities were covered with the survey, out of which, 1226 entities submitted report);
• 10-49 persons - a minimum 10% sample is selected at the group level of section F of NACE Rev. 2 at NUTS2  (in December 2022 it was 1626 out of 14533 entities from this group, 1042 submitted report, i.e. about 7,2%).

Poland.

The value of sale of construction and assembly production concerns works realized domestically with the own resources (without subcontractors).

The survey on production in construction dates from 1990. Since 2009 the survey is conducted according to NACE Rev. 2.

Time series according to NACE Rev.2 – gross, calendar and seasonally adjusted – are available from 2000 for the following aggregates: Section F.
Time series according to NACE Rev.2, available nationally, are not longer than those transmitted to Eurostat.

The survey on production in construction according to the types of construction dates from 2000.
Time series – gross, calendar and seasonally adjusted – are available from 2000, however from 2015 data for production of building construction are approximated bay the sum of Divisions 41 ad 43 and data for civil engineering are approximated by Division 42.

Time series available nationally are not longer than those transmitted to Eurostat.

The base year is 2015.
The base year is the same as reference year and this is the year when the index equals 100 (monthly average of the base year=100).

Nationally data are also released with previous month=100 and corresponding period of the previous year=100 as the base and reference period.

Data are collected in thousands PLN.
Data on production in construction are transmitted to Eurostat as indices.

Nationally, data are disseminated:

• in absolute values in current prices in million PLN,
• as indices in constant prices.

Month.

Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (EBS-Regulation).

Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 mentioned above.

The legal basis of Statistics Poland's responsibility for collection, processing and dissemination of statistics is the Act on Official Statistics passed on 29th June 1995 with subsequent amendments (consolidated text published in the Journal of Laws 2022 no 459). 
Information on surveys is given in the “Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics” which exists as an annual regulation of the Council of Ministers.

Data on production in construction are collected on the basis the “Statistical Surveys Program of Official Statistics”, which fulfils requirements of STS Regulation.

Data on production in construction, production of building construction and civil engineering, in addition to Eurostat, are also transmitted to IMF.

All statistics collected and published by Statistics Poland are governed by the Act on Official Statistics. This Act establishes the statistical independence of Statistics Poland. 

Statistics Poland cannot publish, or otherwise make available to any individual or organization, statistics that would allow the identification of data for any individual person or entity.

The question of confidentiality is explained in the art. 10, 38 and 38a of the Act on Official Statistics:

Article 10.

Identifiable individual data collected in statistical surveys are subject to absolute protection. Such data may only be used to prepare statistical studies, compilations and analyses, as well as to create a statistical survey sampling frame by the President of Statistics Poland; making such data available or using them for purposes other than those specified herein is prohibited (statistical confidentiality).

Article 38. 

1. Identifiable unit data obtained in statistical surveys may not be published nor made available.

2. Statistical data obtained in statistical surveys that can be linked and identified as data concerning a specific natural person, as well as information and statistical data characterising economic and financial results of national economy entities conducting economic activity, may not be published nor made available if the given aggregation consists of fewer than three entities or the share of one entity in a given compilation is greater than three-fourths of the whole.

3. In the case of national economy entities, the information and statistical data referred to in sec. 2 may be published if the person authorised to represent a given entity has consented to the publication of specific data characterizing the economic and financial results of that entity.

Article 38a. 

1. The President of Statistics Poland, at the request of entities referred to in Art. 25 25 sec. 1 point 9, justified by the preparation of specific programmes, forecasts and analyses, may provide these entities with identifiable unit data of public finance sector entities within the meaning of Art. 9 of the Act of 27 August 2009 on public finances.

2. The data made available in accordance with sec. 1 may be used only for the purpose indicated in the application, subject to the rules referred to in art. 38 sec. 1 and in Regulation No. 223/2009.1. Identifiable unit data obtained in statistical surveys may not be published nor made available.

Confidential data on production in construction are treated in accordance with the policy described in concept 7.1.
The following data are subject to special protection and are not disseminated:

• data for individuals,
• aggregates consisting the values for one or two enterprises,
• aggregates with the share of one entity higher than the three-fourths of the total value in aggregate.

Data are disseminated according to an advance release calendar.

Editorial Title-Plan of the Statistics Poland and Regional Statistical Offices

Release calendar for news releases including preliminary results

Eurostat Release Calendar 

Article 14 point 2 of the "Act on  Official Statistics" states that official statistics provides equal and simultaneous access to the output statistical information, in particular to the basic values and indicators.  

Data are released simultaneously to all users and are available on the Statistics Poland's website (http://stat.gov.pl/en/).

The IPC data is regularly sent to Eurostat shortly after national release - according to the requirements of the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197.

Monthly – both to Eurostat and nationally.

News releases (including preliminary results and information) – Index numbers of construction and assembly production - in constant prices (previous month = 100, corresponding period of previous year = 100, monthly average of 2015 = 100), data for divisions Section F of NACE Rev. 2., seasonally adjusted data for total construction and assembly production.

News releases for indices of production of building construction and civil engineering are not available.

Data on production in construction are released in the following Statistics Poland publications:

"Statistical Bulletin"(monthly edition presenting basic data on the socio-economic situation of the country) - The value of construction and assembly production (in current prices) and index number (in constant prices) gross, calendar and seasonally adjusted: the previous month=100, corresponding period of previous year = 100, monthly average of 2015 = 100   

 "Socio-economic situation of the country" (monthly publication)- Index number of construction and assembly production in constant prices (gross, calendar and seasonally adjusted: previous month = 100, corresponding period of previous year = 100, monthly average of 2015 = 100), data for divisions Section F of NACE Rev. 2., seasonally adjusted data for total construction and assembly production

Selected monthly economic indicators monthly and quarterly data on construction and assembly production of construction units employing 10 and more persons, indices in constant prices (total construction and assembly production), the previous month=100, corresponding period of previous year = 100, monthly average of 2005, 2010 or 2015 = 100 

Analytical Platform - Knowledge Databases – Short-term statistics of non-financial enterprises

Value of construction and assembly production in current prises monthly and accrued data (total construction and assembly production); index in constant prices (previous month =100, corresponding month of previous year=100)

Macroeconomic Data Bank

Indices in constant prices (total construction and assembly production and divisions of NACE Rev.2), the previous month=100, corresponding period of previous year = 100, monthly average of 2015 = 100

No access to micro-data.

Data are sent to Eurostat both to be used in European aggregates as well as to be released as national data.

Documentation on methodology available on the Statistics Poland's website (http://stat.gov.pl/en/):

• Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics (in Polish),
• Glossary of statistical concepts (Polish/English)
• Explanatory notes to the monthly questionnaire on economic activity DG-1  (in Polish)
• Methodological notes in publications (Polish/English):
• “Statistical Bulletin”
• "Poland - Macroeconomic indicators"

According to article 3 of Act on Official Statistics - the official statistics shall ensure reliable, objective and systematic information for the society, the state and public administration bodies and economic entities.
Documentation on procedures applied for quality management and assessment is available on the website: Quality in statistics.

The legal basis of the quality measurement and assessment is the internal Regulation of the President of Statistics Poland No 35 of 28th December 2011 which came into force in the 4th quarter of 2012. The quality assessment of statistical surveys is conducted according to an annual quality program for the official statistics which is in line with the Regulation of the President of Statistics Poland No 35 of 28th December 2011.

Procedures and rules applied in quality assessment and monitoring are based on the ESS Quality Standards, i.e. the ESS Quality Declaration, recommendations of the ESS Leadership Expert Group on Quality (LEG) and the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP).

The quality of statistical surveys is evaluated by means of standard quality reports and quality indicators recommended in the ESS Handbook for Quality Reports as well as by self-assessment checklist and quality audits and reviews.

Quality assessment of the monthly survey (DG-1), which is the data source for most STS indicators was conducted in 2022.
A quality report was elaborated on the basis of standard quality procedures recommended in the ESS Handbook for Quality Reports. The quality of the monthly survey was described by means of standard quality indicators characterizing the following quality aspects: relevance, accuracy and reliability, timelines and punctuality, comparability and coherence.
Relevance is maintained every year while drafting the “Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics”.
In terms of accuracy and reliability there are a negligible non-sampling errors.
Concerning timeliness and punctuality all releases are delivered on time immediately after they are prepared.
Comparability of series is maintained geographically and over time. 
Coherence is observable with other cross domain surveys, quarterly and annually.

User needs are systematically monitored and taken into consideration while drafting the “Statistical Survey Program of Official Statistics” for the next year. The organs of the state power, government and self-government administration, organizations of employers and other institutions, provide opinions on statistical surveys and recommend implementation of the new ones.
Data users, e.g. universities, research institutes, enterprises or individuals may indicate their needs by data inquiries and orders. 
Classification of national data users with an indication of their importance for official statistics, taking into account the purpose of data usage, is the following:

1. key users – government and self-government administration, National Central Bank, Polish Financial Supervision Authority;
2. important users – research institutes, universities, organizations of employers, enterprises, insurance institutions, media;
3. other users – social organizations, professional self-government, economic self-government, banks, trade unions, students, individuals.

User satisfaction survey was conducted at the end of 2013. The survey covered the following data users: government and self-government administration, National Central Bank, Polish Financial Supervision Authority, research institutes, universities, organizations of employers, enterprises, insurance institutions, media, social organizations, professional self-government, economic self-government, trade unions, students, individuals.

User satisfaction survey was carried out via internet. For this purpose, an electronic questionnaire was elaborated and placed on Statistics Poland's server. Questions included in the questionnaire have been adjusted to all data users mentioned above and they comprised, among others, the following issues:

• general information on using statistical data (which data were used, how often and for what purpose),
• assessment of data availability, transparency, timelines, comparability and level of details,
• evaluation of services provided by Statistics Poland and assessment of the internet website https://stat.gov.pl/en/,
• assessment of statistical metadata (methodology, glossaries, classification applied, etc.),
• users' needs and expectations concerning disseminated statistics and offered services,
• general assessment of statistics (according to the European Statistics Code of Practice).

The report on user satisfaction is available on the Statistics Poland's website (in Polish).

Data on production in construction, production of building construction and civil engineering are consistent with the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2019/2152, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 and short-term methodological manual.

There were negligible non-sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non-response.
Improvement actions taken include increasing registry updates, careful logical and accounting controls and constant contact with the reporting units.

Data on production in construction are treated as ‘final’ one month after first released data, i.e. two months after reference period. Index of production in construction is revised only when the producer price index changes.

There is an exhaustive survey for economic entities employing 50 or more persons.  
Purposive sample is used for entities employing 10-49 persons.

Economic entities employing (in December 2022):

• 50 or more persons – a census is conducted (in December 2022, 1469 entities were covered with the survey, out of which, 1226 entities submitted report); 
• 10-49 persons – a minimum 10% sample is selected at the group level of section F of NACE Rev. 2 at NUTS2 (in December 2022 it was 1626 out of 14533 entities from this group, 1042 submitted report, i.e. about  7,2%)

There were negligible non-sampling errors concerning coverage, measurement and non-response.
Improvement actions taken include increasing registry updates, careful logical and accounting controls and constant contact with the reporting units.

In December 2022 the response rate for economic entities employing 50 or more persons was 83,5%, for entities employing 10-49 persons (a minimum 10% sample survey) – 1042 entities submitted report (out of 14533 entities in target population).
Actions to speed up or increase the rate of response are telephone or e-mail follow-up of non-respondents and analysis of the reasons for non-response.

The index of production in construction is available on the 13th working day after the end of the reference month.
On the 17th working day after the end of the reference month “Statistical Bulletin” and “Socio-economic situation of the country” is available. 
Timeliness is the same for all available aggregation levels of production in construction.  
On the 17^th working day after the end of the reference quarter the preliminary data on the structure of the value of sales of construction and assembly production according to the types of constructions are published (“Statistical Bulletin” and "Socio-economic situation of the country").

100% of releases delivered on time according to the scheduled release dates.

The same statistical concepts and classifications are applied in the entire national territory.

Data on production in construction are comparable over time. When significant changes are introduced (e.g. change of classification, base year or methodology), historical time series are recalculated as far back as it is reasonably possible.
Time series for section F according to NACE Rev. 2 as well as data on building construction and civil engineering are available from 2000, however from 2015 data for production of building construction are approximated bay the sum of Divisions 41 ad 43 and data for civil engineering are approximated by Division 42.

Results of the monthly construction and assembly production are compared with the results of the quarterly survey for types of constructions (annex to the monthly report), as well as with quarterly financial results and with annual data for construction.

The survey of production in construction is consistent with the survey of producer prices in construction, i.e. the same entities are covered with these two surveys. The value of construction and assembly production of a current period is used as weight for compilation of producer price index in construction which is used as deflator for compilation of production in construction.

The higher aggregates for production in construction are consistent with their main sub-aggregates due to the data compilation on the basis of the value of construction and assembly production and the higher aggregation levels are obtained by summing up absolute values from lower aggregation levels.

Cost of the NSI – 711 hours annually.
Burden of respondents - 965 hours annually.

Data revision policy is consistent with Eurostat recommendations (ESS guidelines on revision policy for PEEIs). According to these recommendations, notice about major revisions, e.g. in classifications, methodology or base year, is provided in advance of the revision. Notice about minor changes is given at the time the revision is introduced.

The same revision policy is applied to data released nationally and transmitted to Eurostat.

The index of production in construction is revised in the following month if the deflator (i.e. producer price index in construction) changes. Usually the magnitude of change is very slight – 0.1-0.5 percentage point. First released data are treated as preliminary (i.e. data disseminated on 13th working day after reference month) and they become final in the following month, i.e. two months after the reference month.

IPC is also regularly revised every 5 years when the base year changes as well as once a year due to calendar and seasonal adjustment.

In 2018 time series from 2000 were recalculated for the base year 2015=100.

Revision indicators for calendar adjusted y-o-y growth rates:

• Mean Revision (MR): -0.028
• Mean Absolute Revision (MAR): 0.072

The source of data is statistical survey covering economic entities with 10 or more persons employed. The frame on which the source is based is the Statistical Business Register (BJS) supported by the National Official Business Register (REGON). The survey is conducted on the basis of sample of economic entities with 10-49 persons employed and census of entities employing 50 or more persons. The sample of economic entities with 10-49 persons employed is selected at NUTS2 and for the group level of section F of NACE Rev.2.

Economic entities employing (in December 2022):

• 50 or more persons – a census is conducted (in December 2022, 1469 entities were covered with the survey, out of which, 1226 entities submitted report);
• 10-49 persons – a minimum 10% sample is selected at the group level of section F of NACE Rev. 2 at each NUTS2 (in December 2022 it was 1626 out of 14533 entities from this group, 1042 submitted report, i.e. about 7,2%).

The sample is established once a year and it is regularly updated during the year.

Monthly
Collected data refer to the full reference period.

A monthly questionnaire (DG-1) is used for all respondents covered by the survey.
The monthly report concerning economic activity  of construction entities covers, among others, the following information:

• revenues from sale of own products (goods, services);
• of which the value of sale of construction and assembly production realized domestically by construction entities on the basis of contract system (for outside clients) and own resources (i.e. excluding subcontractors);
• of which the value of sale of investment works;
• value of manufactured products not categorized as sale, but included in sales;
• persons employed;
• average paid employment;
• gross wages and salaries;
• retail sale and wholesale;
• excise tax;
• product subsidies received.

Data on production in construction are collected both for reporting month as well as for accrued period (cumulative data from January to the end of the reporting month). In accrued data, reporting units include possible revisions for the previous periods, which does not have an impact on the real level of the production value in reporting month.  
All data collection is done by electronic questionnaire. Non-response is monitored by means of the completeness reports.

Dissemination of electronic questionnaire in the Reporting Portal for reporting units – until the 5th working day after the end of the reference month; reminding the reporting units over the phone or e-mail that they have not completed the questionnaire – on the 6th working day after the end of the reference month.

Appropriate validation procedures are applied during the whole production process of statistics, and they are in line with rules provided by Eurostat, i.e. starting from selection of respondents to compiling indices and transmission to Eurostat.
Data validation system incorporates many tools for data control, estimation and imputation, e.g.  program procedures applied for error checking  and detailed reports on data completeness helpful in analysis of non-response.
Validation procedures are applied on the level of individual respondents and on aggregated level as well as before data transmission to Eurostat.
Data validation on the level of individual respondents is based on:

• special program procedures used for errors checking when data are inserted to the system (logical -computing control) –  these procedures help to avoid errors at the stage of data collection what is essential for final data results.
• information given by an entity on the reasons of substantial difference in the level of data reported in the current period as compared to the equivalent data for the previous period (e.g. cancellation of all previously-issued invoices, correction of invoices, reducing/increasing the number of orders, employee dismissals).

In the case of any doubts about data correctness there is a direct contact with a unit in order to explain outliers.

Data validation on aggregated level is conducted by the Regional Statistical Office responsible for the survey implementation The quality of aggregated data is monitored at least at the three-digit level of NACE Rev.2 and NUTS2 level. Both the values and dynamics are compared with previous month and corresponding month of the previous year. Any discrepancies are scrutinized before dissemination of national indices.
Validation procedures are also performed before data transmission to Eurostat. The structured data files in SDMX are created and data assigned to the codes are checked in detail. In case of significant data revisions, for example when the base year changes or seasonal adjusted data are revised, the whole time series are submitted to validation procedure.   

The most of STS indicators are surveyed on the same monthly questionnaire (DG-1) what means that validation procedures are quite consistent. 

After validation of data reported by construction economic entities, the data for non-respondents are estimated on the basis of their responses from previous periods.

After validation of data reported by construction economic entities, the data for non-respondents are estimated on the basis of their responses from previous periods.

In order to obtain data for the whole population of construction economic entities employing 10 or more persons, grossing-up is made on the basis of reporting data collected from all entities employing 50 or more persons and from the sample of entities employing 10-49 persons.
Grossing-up is done on the basis of employment and labour productivity at the Group level of NACE Rev.2.  Grossed up results are used to compile indices.

Data on construction and assembly production are collected at current prices and, after grossing-up from the sample to the population level, data are deflated by the relevant producer price index in construction at the group level of NACE Rev.2.  After elimination of an influence of the price change the value of construction and assembly production in constant prices is obtain. The higher aggregation levels are calculated by summing up values at constant prices.

On the basis of the value of construction and assembly production in constant prices, the index of production in construction (IPC) is compiled – Laspeyres index. Index for production of building construction is approximated by the sum of Divisions F41 and F43 while for civil engineering (B116) is approximated by Division F42.  

Level of detail: total, buildings, civil engineering

Program JDemetra+, TRAMO/SEATS method
Pre-adjustment:

• regARIMA, 1 regressor connected with the changing number of working days in a week resulting from national holidays,
• leap year effect (if relevant),
• Easter effect (if relevant),
• outliers (AO, LS, TC) with automatic detection supported by additional analysis and a priori knowledge.

Seasonal adjustment:

• automatic model selection with additional non-automatic verification of problematic cases,
• additive or multiplicative decomposition,
• direct adjustment of aggregates.

Revisions:

• model updated once a year including revision of historical data,
• monthly observations presented with revision 1 month backwards.

Not applicable.