Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
The Index of production in construction is a monthly statistic that contains an overall production index for the building and construction sector in total, as well as two sub-indices for construction and civil engineering respectively. The indices show the cyclical developments in the sector and are based on hours worked in the construction and civil engineering sector from the Working Time Accounts (ATR).
The index for Total construction covers the entire section F, i.e. groups F41, F42 and F43.
The index for Construction covers F41; the construction of buildings, i.e. implementation of construction projects, demolition and preparatory site works.
The index for Civil engineering covers F42; construction work, i.e. construction of roads and railways and construction of cable networks, etc.
The index for Specialized construction works covers F43; electrical installation and plumbing, as well as other building installation activities, etc.
3.2. Classification system
These statistics follow the industrial groupings in NACE Rev. 2 which is a statistical classification that categorize enterprises by their most important economic activity.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The statistic covers construction.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Construction: The sector consist of section F in NACE Rev. 2.
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistic covers hours worked in firm that produce construction services.
3.6. Statistical population
The population consist of firms in construction with employment.
3.7. Reference area
The statistic covers Denmark as a whole.
3.8. Coverage - Time
These statistics covers the time period from January 2008 and onwards.
3.9. Base period
The index is has 2021 as its base.
The statistic is an index with 2021 as it's base year.
The statistic references months.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Section 8 of the Act on Statistics Denmark secures the legal ground for collecting the data.
The statistics fall under the following regulations:
Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020
There is no need to apply confidentiality in the published figures since the IPC is based on aggregated data.
8.1. Release calendar
The publication date appears in the release calendar. The date is confirmed in the weeks before.
8.2. Release calendar access
The Release Calender can be accessed on our English website: Release Calender.
8.3. Release policy - user access
Statistics are always published at 8:00 a.m. at the day announced in the release calendar. No one outside of Statistics Denmark can access the statistics before they are published.
BYGPRO1: Index of production in Construction (IPC) by industry
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
These statistics micro-data are not available.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Data are transmitted to Eurostat monthly.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
There is no separate documentation on methodology for these statistics.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Results from the quality evaluation of products and selected processes are available in detail for each statistics and in summary reports for the Working Group on Quality.
11.1. Quality assurance
Statistics Denmark follows the principles in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and uses the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF) for the implementation of the principles. This involves continuous decentralized and central control of products and processes based on documentation following international standards. The central quality assurance function reports to the Working Group on Quality. Reports include suggestions for improvement that are assessed, decided and subsequently implemented.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
The index is based in the WTA (Working time accounts).
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The objective with the statistic is to give interested users a quick overview of the cyclical trend in the construction sector.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
The index is a requirement from Eurostat an has formerly only been send to Eurostat. After an improvement of the method is it decided to published it in Denmark. This decision has been discussed in the contact group for construction and dwelling statistics, which had approved the project.
12.3. Completeness
The Index for Production in Construction complied with the recommendations and demands in Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 regarding short-term-statistics.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The margins of statistical uncertainty associated with the IPC are related to the statistical uncertainty of WTA.
In the long run (12 months), there is a good agreement with the National Accounts gross value added for the construction sector.
13.2. Sampling error
Not relevant for this statistics
13.3. Non-sampling error
The index is based on the WTA and has no independent uncertainty. See the Documentation of the WTA.
14.1. Timeliness
Monthly data is published approximately 45 days after the end of the reference month.
14.2. Punctuality
Data is transmitted to Eurostat and published i Statbank within 45 days after the reference month.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
All EU member states are obliged to provide the IPC under the guidelines in Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics. These statistics can thus be compared internationally through Eurostat, where indices from the various EU member states are disseminated. However, international comparison must be made with that in mind, that there are two different recommended methods for compiling the statistics, which the EU member states can choose from.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Until autumn 2014 the IPC was calculated on basis of the quarterly gross value added in Construction from the National Account. There are no major breaks in the series from 2008 until 2014. From autumn 2014 the IPC has been calculated on the basis of working time account - corrected for productivity. The time series is calculated back to January 2008 with the new method.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Since the indices are based on working hours from the Working Time Accounts (WTA), there is a high degree of coherence with these statistics.
In connection with the change of method there was a comparison with index for gross value added in Construction from National Account. In the long run (12 months), there is a good agreement with the National Accounts gross value added for the construction sector.
15.4. Coherence - internal
In the former method there has been few problems of coherence between CC1, CC2 and the total. These problems seems not existing in the new method.
These statistics are based on administrative data. There is thus no direct response burden, in relation to the compilation of this statistic.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Statistics Denmark revises published figures in accordance with the Revision Policy for Statistics Denmark. The common procedures and principles of the Revision Policy are for some statistics supplemented by a specific revision practice. The revision is applied to both national data and the data transmitted to Eurostat.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Since the Danish IPC is calculated on the basis of hours worked from the Working Time Accounts (WTA) statistics the revisions follow the same pattern. The first publications of the production in the first and second month of any quarter, is partly estimated, which means that for every publication of data for the third month in a quarter, when all data is actually available, the published figures for the first two months of that quarter is revised.
In addition to these quarterly revisions there are annual revisions on the hours worked from the WTA which also means revisions in the IPC. The structural data is first available more that 15 months after the year of reference, and the revisions will therefore cause revisions to the WTA and hence the IPC over two years back in time.
The mean absolute revision (MAR) is calculated being 2,14 and the mean revision (MR) is calculated being 0,56 for the time series index Total construction. The size of the revisions is calculated on the basis of data for the previous base year (2015), as it requires a certain number of observations in the new base year (2021) before it is possible to calculate
18.1. Source data
The IPC is based on WTA, which are mainly based on existing data sources, which are subsequently converted to the concepts used in the WTA. The most recent month is forecast using the
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Data is complied on a monthly basis.
18.3. Data collection
The data is collected from the Working Time Accounts
18.4. Data validation
Input to this statistic comes from the WTA, where quality of data is insured.
18.5. Data compilation
The monthly data from WTA are divided into building, civil engineering, specialized construction work and total for Construction, which is a sum of hours worked for building construction, civil engineering and specialized construction work.
Then the figures are compiled into an index with 2021 as base year. Followed this the figures are seasonally adjusted.
18.6. Adjustment
The statistic is adjusted for seasonal and calendar effects
For further information contact Statistics Denmark.
The Index of production in construction is a monthly statistic that contains an overall production index for the building and construction sector in total, as well as two sub-indices for construction and civil engineering respectively. The indices show the cyclical developments in the sector and are based on hours worked in the construction and civil engineering sector from the Working Time Accounts (ATR).
The index for Total construction covers the entire section F, i.e. groups F41, F42 and F43.
The index for Construction covers F41; the construction of buildings, i.e. implementation of construction projects, demolition and preparatory site works.
The index for Civil engineering covers F42; construction work, i.e. construction of roads and railways and construction of cable networks, etc.
The index for Specialized construction works covers F43; electrical installation and plumbing, as well as other building installation activities, etc.
12 June 2025
Construction: The sector consist of section F in NACE Rev. 2.
The statistic covers hours worked in firm that produce construction services.
The population consist of firms in construction with employment.
The statistic covers Denmark as a whole.
The statistic references months.
The margins of statistical uncertainty associated with the IPC are related to the statistical uncertainty of WTA.
In the long run (12 months), there is a good agreement with the National Accounts gross value added for the construction sector.
The statistic is an index with 2021 as it's base year.
The monthly data from WTA are divided into building, civil engineering, specialized construction work and total for Construction, which is a sum of hours worked for building construction, civil engineering and specialized construction work.
Then the figures are compiled into an index with 2021 as base year. Followed this the figures are seasonally adjusted.
The IPC is based on WTA, which are mainly based on existing data sources, which are subsequently converted to the concepts used in the WTA. The most recent month is forecast using the
The statistic is published monthly
Monthly data is published approximately 45 days after the end of the reference month.
All EU member states are obliged to provide the IPC under the guidelines in Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics. These statistics can thus be compared internationally through Eurostat, where indices from the various EU member states are disseminated. However, international comparison must be made with that in mind, that there are two different recommended methods for compiling the statistics, which the EU member states can choose from.
Until autumn 2014 the IPC was calculated on basis of the quarterly gross value added in Construction from the National Account. There are no major breaks in the series from 2008 until 2014. From autumn 2014 the IPC has been calculated on the basis of working time account - corrected for productivity. The time series is calculated back to January 2008 with the new method.
