Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union

F1: Social indicators: Methodology and development; Relations with users

BECH Building,
5, rue Alphonse Weicker, L-2721 Luxembourg

Data reported in this Eurobase sub-domain cover sport enterprises statistics as well as production of sporting goods.

 1. Sport enterprises (economic indicators on enterprises)

Data on sport enterprises derive from two data collections and they are presented in two tables:

a) SBS (Structural Business Statistics) – for sports activities, sports and recreation education and manufacture of sports goods

• Enterprises by detailed NACE Rev.2 activity and special aggregates - sbs_sc_act

b) Business Demography (BD) – for ‘Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities’

• Business demography by size class and NACE Rev. 2 activity - bd_size

 2. Sporting goods: sold production

These data come from statistics of production of manufactured goods (Prodcom) and they are included in the following table:

• Sold production, exports and imports by Prodcom list (NACE Rev. 2) -DS-056120

The bookmark proposes a selection of sporting products (see list in the file in annex).

The user is invited to refer to the Prodcom metadata for methodological details.

For classification of economic sector where the enterprise is operating, the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community NACE Rev 2 is used from 2008 onwards.

The product breakdown is based on the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) as stated in the Regulation establishing CPA 2.1.

For classification of goods, product codes are specified in the attached Prodcom list.

Starting with reference year 2021, SBS cover the economic activities of market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96. This includes mining and quarrying, industry, supply and sewerage, construction, trade, and most of the service activities. SBS do not cover agriculture, forestry and fishing, nor public administration and (largely) non-market services such as education and health.

Regarding sport enterprises, starting with reference year 2021 SBS cover data on the NACE group 93.1 - 'Sports activities' and on its four NACE classes:

93.11 - Operation of sports facilities

93.12 - Activities of sports clubs

93.13 - Fitness facilities

93.19 - Other sports activities.

Business demography include only data at division level for the NACE code 93 – ‘Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities’.

Sporting goods production covers products from the Prodcom list (see the annex).

Concepts and definitions refer to the ones used by SBS, BD and Prodcom: please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

For enterprises:

Enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organizational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may consist out of one or more legal units.

Number of active enterprises is the number of all statistical units which at any time during the reference period were ‘enterprises’, as defined in Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93, and also active during the same reference period. A statistical unit is considered to have been active during the reference period, if in said period it either realized positive net turnover or produced outputs or had employees or performed investments.

Number of employees represents the average number of persons who were, at some time during the reference period, employees of the statistical unit. While the employment relationship, which qualifies the parties (into employee and employer), is defined in specific legislation or contract, the term ‘employee’ usually means a person hired by the statistical unit to provide services to it on a regular basis, in exchange for benefits and where the services provided are not part of an independent business. For the sake of clarity, apprentices, if hired under such conditions, are considered employees. The average should be calculated as the arithmetic mean of the number of employees over the shortest time periods of equal length fitting into the reference period, for which regular observations are practicable (e.g. daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, etc.).

Net turnover consists of all income arising during the reference period in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit, and is presented net of all price reductions, discounts and rebates granted by it.

Value added is a composite indicator of net operating income, adjusted for depreciation, amortization and employee benefits, all components being recognized as such by the statistical unit during the reference period. Its value is given by the formula "Net turnover + Income from product- or turnover-related subsidies + Capitalized output ± Change in stock of goods – Total purchases of goods and services.

Enterprise survival occurs when an enterprise is active and identifiable both before and after a specific (business) demographic event. The enterprise may be changed in some way, e.g. in terms of economic activity, size, ownership or location, but there should be continuity of the enterprise reference number in the statistical business register.

For production of goods:

Prod_value_EUR: gives the value of production in Euro.

The statistical unit in SBS and BD for the country-level business statistics data is the enterprise. In Prodcom, the enterprise (within one country) is the observation unit surveyed by the National Statistical Institute.

Please see more details in in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Structural business statistics (SBS) cover the economic activities of market producers within the business economy NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96. This includes mining and quarrying, industry, supply and sewerage, construction, trade, and most of the service activities. SBS do not cover agriculture, forestry and fishing, nor public administration and (largely) non-market services such as education and health.

For business demography (BD), the national business registers are the main source of data. No samples are drawn from the registers: the full registers are processed.

For Prodcom, the survey population of the reference period shall be enterprises whose principal activity or one of its secondary activities is listed in section B, C or E of the classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.2).

Eurostat receives SBS and BD data from the EU Member States, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Albania and Türkiye.

For Prodcom, the reference area is the EU, Iceland, Norway, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Serbia and Türkiye.

SBS and BD: from 2021 onwards for a satisfactory coverage of sectors and countries regarding tables ‘sbs_ovw_act’, ‘sbs_sc_ovw’ and ‘bd_size’. Please refer to metadata for information on data before reference year 2021 for SBS at this link.

Prodcom: from 2003 onwards for a satisfactory coverage of sectors and countries regarding table ‘DS-056120’.

Not applicable

For SBS, monetary data are expressed in millions of €, per head values are expressed in thousands of € per head, per hours values are expressed in € per hour, ratios of monetary variables are expressed in percentages and employment variables are expressed in units.

For BD, basic variables (active, birth, death and survival enterprises and their employment) are in absolute figures. Derived indictors are expressed in percentages.

For Prodcom, the sold production value is collected in thousands of national currency (as stated in the Commission Implemented Regulation (EU) 2020/1197) and disseminated in Euro in the Eurostat's Data Browser.

Calendar year.

Please see more details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Eurostat makes available all non-confidential and sufficiently reliable data on its dissemination website.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Annual

A news release on-line is usually published for the annual update of the ‘Statistics explained’ article on enterprises in sports sector.

A ‘Statistics explained’ article on enterprises in sports sector is updated every year at this link. 

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

None

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

As regards SBS, please consult the methodology page in Strutural Business Statistics online section. 

As regards BD, the Eurostat-OECD Manual on Business Demography Statistics outlines the methodology to be used for the production of the data in the national statistical institutes. For more information, please contact the domain manager.

As regards Prodcom, please refer to European business statistics user’s manual for PRODCOM – 2023 edition.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

No users needs’ survey was carried out.

Generally, users have been satisfied with overall quality of the service delivered by Eurostat, which encompasses data quality and the supporting service provided to them. In case of SBS the main remark is for the timeliness of the data, which is available two years after the end of the reference period.

The coverage of sporting sectors differs according to the data collection (SBS, BD and Prodcom) - in terms of NACE sectors covered by each survey.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

For SBS, preliminary and final data are disseminated respectively 2 and 4 months after legal deadline transmission from the countries. 

BD data are published within 2 calendar years of the end of the reference year. In the case of indicators on enterprise deaths, a two year lag is foreseen in the methodology in order to confirm whether a presumed death is in fact reactivated. For this reason information on final deaths is generally available later than the stock of enterprises and enterprise births.

For Prodcom - NSIs are required to transmit production data to Eurostat within 6 months of the end of the reference year for annual data.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

For SBS, some methodological factors that limit the comparisons across countries can be found in the SBS metadata at the top right of the page.

For BD and Prodcom, please see BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

As concerns enterprises’ statistics, the coverage of the sports sector is dependent on the coverage and the level of detail of NACE codes (number of digits) available in the source database.

Regarding SBS, NACE at four digits level are available for main indicators, except for size class related indicators.

Regarding BD, the number of available digits varies from a sector to the next. The NACE group 93.1 is not covered by BD data, only data for division 93 are available.

In addition, differences may be observed between SBS and BD for common indicators (e.g. nb of enterprises), due to methodological differences, notably:

• SBS provides a snapshot at the end of the calendar year, while BD reports data observed several times a year (so that enterprises alive for a few months are included in BD data);
• depending on national practices, some thresholds may be applied in SBS to not include very small businesses (e.g. include enterprises with at least x million Euro of turnover).

The Prodcom Council Regulation stipulates that at least 90% of production in each NACE class should be reported, and comparison with SBS provides a means of checking this.

Please see more details in SBS metadata , BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Not applicable

The general Eurostat revision policy applies to this domain.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

All reported errors (once validated) result in corrections of the disseminated data.

Reported errors are corrected in the disseminated data as soon as the correct data have been validated.

Data may be published even if they are missing for certain countries or flagged as provisional or of low reliability for certain countries.

European aggregates are updated for consistency with new country data.

New data are only used to update disseminated data if provided according to the provision schedule set by Eurostat, or in the case of reported errors.

For sport statistics’ purpose, data from SBS (Structural Business Statistics), BD (Business Demography) and Prodcom are retrieved directly from Eurobase, i.e. publicly published data.

Annual

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

Data compilation rules for SBS, BD and Prodcom apply: please see details in SBS metadata, BD metadata and Prodcom metadata.

None

None