Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union.

E2: Environmental statistics and accounts; sustainable development

e-mail contact : ESTAT-SDG-MONITORING@ec.europa.eu

The indicator is part of the EU Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicator set. It is used to monitor progress towards SDG 2 on ending hunger and malnutrition; which are embedded in the European Commission’s Priorities under the 'European Green Deal'. 

SDG 2 - among other things - aims to ensure access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food. Improving agricultural productivity and maintaining sustainable and resilient food production systems are key factors in achieving this goal and depend to a large extend on increased investment in agricultural, food and nutrition research and development.

The indicator refers to Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) for agriculture. GBARD data measure government support to research and development (R&D) activities, or, in other words, how much priority governments place on the public funding of R&D.

GBARD data are compiled using the guidelines laid out in the OECD’s Frascati Manual from 2015 and and the European Business Statistics Methodological Manual for R&D statistics of 2023. 

million euro and euro per inhabitant (current prices)

Calendar year.

The indicator is produced according to the high-level quality standards of European Statistics. Details on accuracy can be found in the metadata of the source datasets (see link to related metadata).

ESS (GBARD)

Data source: Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD).

Data provider: Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), based on data compiled by the national statistical authorities: National Statistical Offices, Research Councils and Ministries using data collected for public budgets. In some countries R&D budget text analysis are supplemented with additional information obtained from the national funding agencies/ministries or through statistical surveys.

The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is data provider for the United States of America, Japan and South Korea.

Every year

Indicator is updated annually. Complete and updated ESS data release information can be accessed via the Eurostat release calendar. 

T+1 year

Preliminary GBARD data are transmitted at T+6 months and final data at T+1 year.

All EU MS

Data are presented for all EU Member States plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Türkiye, the United States of America, Japan and South Korea.

All EU MS

Data are comparable among all EU Member States respectively other transmitting countries.

Countries compile GBARD data following the Frascati manual recommendations. Among the few methodological issues which can affect the comparisons across countries, are the stage in the budgetary process from which final GBARD data are drawn (final budget appropriations or actual outlays); the inclusion of VAT or EU funds for R&D.

> 10 years

Presented time series (including EU aggregates) starts in 2004.

> 4 data points

Length of comparable time series without methodological break is longer than 4 data points.

Analysis of indicator is presented in Eurostat's annual monitoring report on Sustainable development in the EU (progress towards SDGs in an EU context).

see table  sdg_02_30

Eurostat dedicated section on SDGs: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/sdi/overview

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