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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistical Finland |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Economic Statistics |
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1.5. Contact mail address | FI-00022 Statistics Finland |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 28/08/2023 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 28/08/2023 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 28/08/2023 |
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3.1. Data description | ||||||||||||||
Structural business statistics (SBS) describes the structure, conduct and performance of economic activities, down to the most detailed activity level (several hundred economic sectors). SBS covers all activities of the business economy with the exception of agricultural activities, public administration and (largely) non-market services such as education and health. Main characteristics (variables) of the SBS data category: • Business demographic variables (e.g. Number of active enterprises) • "Output related" variables (e.g. Net turnover, Value added) • "Input related" variables: labour input (e.g. Number of employees and self-employed persons, Hours worked by employees); goods and services input (e.g. Purchases of goods and services); capital input (e.g. Gross investments) Nationally published data includes additionally some information of agriculture, forestry and fishing indutries and activities of membership organisations. Some variables published on Eurostat's database are not published nationally ( e.g. Purchases of goods and services). Nationally published data includes also balance sheet variables and other variables from the financial statements. Business services statistics (BS) collection contains harmonised statistics on business services. From 2008 onwards BS become part of the regular mandatory annual data collection of SBS. The BS’s data requirement includes variable “Turnover” broken down by products and by type of residence of client. Nationally published BS statistics contain data on the breakdown of turnover by product category in accordance with the CPA product classification (Classification of Products by Activity) and possible sales to households BtoC (i.e. private customers) and business customers BtoB. The annual regional statistics collection includes three characteristics due by NUTS-2 country region and detailed on NACE Rev 2division level (2-digits).
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3.2. Classification system | ||||||||||||||
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE): NACE Rev.2 is used from 2008 onwards. Key data were double reported in NACE Rev.1.1 and NACE Rev.2 only for 2008. From 2002 to 2007 NACE Rev. 1.1 was used and until 2001 NACE Rev.1 The product breakdown is based on the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) as stated in the Regulation establishing CPA 2008 and its amending Commission Regulation (EU) No 1209/2014 (from reference year 2015 onwards). |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | ||||||||||||||
Starting reference year 2021 onwards SBS cover the economic activities of market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96. Nationally published data includes also some information of the market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections A and Division S94. From 2008 reference year data collection BS covers NACE Rev 2 codes: J62, N78, J582, J631, M731, M691, M692, M702, M712, M732, M7111, and M7112. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | ||||||||||||||
3.5. Statistical unit | ||||||||||||||
Data is collected from legal units and local units but statistical unit used is enterprise and for regional data local unit. Most of the legal units are identical with an enterprise. Nationally data is published also for legal units. Data from the statistics on service industry commodities are published on the basis of legal units. The data are sent to Eurostat based on enterprise units. |
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3.5.1. Treatment of complex enterprise | ||||||||||||||
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3.5.2. Consolidation | ||||||||||||||
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3.6. Statistical population | ||||||||||||||
All market producer on all Nace sections are covered in national statistics. Data published by Eurostat includes NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96. The statistical population is taken from the business register. Branches of foreign enterprises are included in the data if the branches are registered in Finland. The data also cover activities outside Finland that are included in the enterprise’s financial statements produced in Finland. Thus, the turnover described in the statistics may also include goods sent abroad for processing and sales of goods and services from abroad to abroad. However the most significant branches abroad have been eliminated from the statistics. |
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3.7. Reference area | ||||||||||||||
Finland (including NUTS and Åland) |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | ||||||||||||||
Based on legal units: 1996 – 2021 Annual data on the statistics on business services are available on the home page of the statistics and in Statistics Finland's StatFin database starting from 2008. The statistical population for national statistics on business services was changed to cover all enterprises in connection with the statistical reference year 2020 and the population is no longer limited to enterprises with 5 or 20 employees depending on the industry. For Eurostat the data for business services includes only enterprises with at least 20 employees. Comparable timeseries for business services data sent to Eurostat is from 2020 onwards. From this year the turnover data has been better in coherence with SBS data because of the use of consolidated turnover in business services. Also the division of the turnover data by residence of client has been estimated using administrative data instead of survey data. |
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3.9. Base period | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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• Number of enterprises and number of local units are expressed in units. • Monetary data are expressed in millions of €. • Employment variables are expressed in units. • Per head values are expressed in thousands of € per head. Ratios are expressed in percentages. |
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2021 The data refers to fiscal year. The different financial years are converted to correspond to the statistical year. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Starting with reference year 2021 two new regulations currently form the legal basis of SBS:
The Council Regulation No 58/97 has been amended three times: by Council Regulation No 410/98, Commission Regulation No 1614/2002 and European Parliament and Council Regulation No 2056/2002. As a new amendment of the basic Regulation it was decided to recast the Regulation No 58/97 in order to obtain a new "clean" legal text. In 2008 the European Parliament and Council adopted Regulation No 295/2008 and the provisions of this Regulation were applicable from the reference year 2008 to reference year 2020. Regulation No 295/2008 was amended by Commission Regulation (EU) No 446/2014. National statistical law. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | ||||||||||||||||
Confidentiality policy is based on the basic statistical law. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | ||||||||||||||||
Confidentiality rules Software used: TauArgus. There are no plans/no possibility to reduce the confidentiality. |
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7.2.1. Confidentiality processing | ||||||||||||||||
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
We have national release calendar: https://www.stat.fi/en/future-releases |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Structural business and financial statement statistics: Business services statistics: |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Tailored statistics are available for charge. |
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Annual. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Structural business and financial statement statistics: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/yrti#pastPublications (two times a year) Regional statistics on entrepreneurial activity: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/alyr#pastPublications (once a year) Business services statistics: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/palhy#pastPublications (once a year) |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Printed publications: Statistical yearbook
https://stat.fi/en/statistics/yrti#pastPublications Regional statistics on entrepreneurial activity: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/alyr#pastPublications Business services statistics: The publications are available in Finnish, Swedish and English |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
The national on-line database. Two times a year: Structural business and financial statement statistics: https://pxdata.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__yrti/?tablelist=true Once a year: Regional statistics on entrepreneurial activity: https://pxdata.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__alyr/?tablelist=true Once a year: Business services statistics: https://pxdata.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__palhy/?tablelist=true |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Only available for researchers with license |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
The data are sent to Eurostat, either to be used in European aggregates or to be released also as national data. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Structural business and financial statement statistics: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/yrti (available in finnish, swedish and english) Regional statistics on entrepreneurial activity: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/alyr (available in finnish, swedish and english) Business services statistics: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/palhy (available in finnish, swedish and english) |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Structural business and financial statement statistics: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/yrti (available in finnish, swedish and english) Regional statistics on entrepreneurial activity: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/alyr (available in finnish, swedish and english) Business services statistics: https://stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/palhy (available in finnish, swedish and english) |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Specific tool (Edamis) maintained by Eurostat for validation of SBS-series. All enterprises go through automatic data validation and enterprises with biggest errors are manually corrected. Also biggest companies are manually checked.
The quality management framework of the field of statistics is the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP). The quality criteria of Official Statistics of Finland are compatible with the European Statistics Code of Practice. Further information: Quality management | Statistics Finland (stat.fi)
The quality of the structural business and financial statement statistics is examined as the data accumulate. At aggregate level, the data are compared with the previous year and the most significant changes are examined. Coherence analyses to short term statistics are also carried out. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
We have comprehensive administrative data at our disposal, thus the accuracy is mostly good. Relevance of the statistic is good. If any relevant data is missing it can be ordered for charge. Timeliness is better than in most European countries: the preliminary data is published within 9 months and final data within 12 months. Coherence with other statistics is good. We use same data base with other business statistics and NA. The top management of SF has made several self-assessments in line with the EFQM model. There have also been external audits by e.g. the EU and IMF experts. Processes are in place to monitor the quality of the statistical process and the processes of individual statistics. Quality considerations are an integral part of the planning and evaluation of the statistical programme. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Main users of the data are We provide additional variables based on balance sheet information and other financial statement variables. Nationally published data includes also some information of the market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections A and Division S94. For the Business Services data sent to Eurostat, the threshold of 20 persons employed is applied. For domestic dissemination a threshold of 5 or 20 persons employed is used depending on Nace branch. The reason for this is that the threshold of 20 excludes a significant proportion of turnover in some branches. Our aim is to cover at least 80% of turnover for each branch by bringing the threshold down to 5 persons when necessary. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Co-operation between SF and important users with regard to the relevance of statistics and the users’ needs consists of an extensive feedback system and co-operative working groups with the main users, such as users of national accounts. There are regular meetings of SF directors and experts with the users, even at the senior management level. Users are usually also invited to participate in discussions concerning the establishment of new statistics or revisions of existing ones.In addition, there are specific feedback systems for receiving the users’ opinions at SF. These systems consist of an anonymous feedback channel on the web, media monitoring, surveys among different user groups for the evaluation of SF’s performance, user surveys (every second year, latest in 2015), and a system for collecting and disseminating information that is strategically important for SF. Specific statistical products conduct their own user surveys and keep in regular contact with their main interest groups. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
We are providing all the relevant data required by SBS regulations. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
The main source of errors is non-response. The preliminary results are not biased. The first release of the results is three months before the final release. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not relevant because total data is available for variables. Sampling is made only for some more detailed variables. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
The influence of non-sampling error is small. The unit non-response are imputed based on lst years data or nearest neighbour with distance measure. In Business Services data unit non-response is taken into account by grossing up the data. The recorded unit non-response rate: Low The bias of the estimate: Small bias Coverage error: Almost none Out of scope units: For the reference year 2021 the business Register annual Quality Control Survey covered 1417 legal units. The response rate was 61,5 percent. Based on the survey results 3 percent were found to be misclassified (5-digit level). The statistics on Business Services do not describe service production comprehensively due to the employee limitations of the respondent group. The product distributions of enterprises in the stratum with the smallest number of employees but fewer than five persons and not belonging to the inquiry group may differ from the product distributions of enterprises belonging to the respondent group of the stratum, and this may cause inaccuracy in the estimated product distribution of the industry if the turnover of these enterprises accounts for a large share of the industry's turnover. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
National level / statistical year 2021 Data-collection deadline 11/2022 Dissemination deadline 9/2022 (preliminary data) |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
Data transmitted on time. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | ||||||||||||
Fully comparable geographically |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | ||||||||||||
Length of comparable time series: 2021
A comparable time series on the statistics on service industry commodities is nationally available for the time period 2008 to 2019. The statistical population in national statistics was changed to cover all enterprises in connection with the statistical reference year 2020 and the population is no longer limited to enterprises with 5 or 20 employees depending on the industry. Turnover data are not collected with the CPA classification in other sources. Comparable timeseries for business services data sent to Eurostat is from 2020 onwards. From this year the turnover data has been better estimated in coherence with SBS data because of the use of consolidated turnover in business services. Also the division of the turnover data by residence of client has been estimated using administrative data instead of survey data. |
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15.2.1. Time series | ||||||||||||
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | ||||||||||||
- Number of enterprises, number of persons employed, number of employees in Business register - Number of enterprises, number of persons employed, number of employees in Business demography - Production value of Prodcom - Value added of national account - Evolution of turnover and persons employed from short term statistics - Business services (turnover in table 23 of GIA)
The inconsistencies are evaluated and corrected as part of the manual editing process of statistics.
Description of coherence: Coherence between Business register, BD, Business services and SBS is good. Between other statistics especially short term statistics there are partly uncoherence. Explanation of differences: Differences are caused by differences in statistical target population, differences in statistical units and differences in calculation of the variable (e.g. value added in NA). |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | ||||||||||||
The aggregates are always consistent with their main sub-aggregates |
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We use administrative data for most of SBS variables. We did a burden measuring survey for enterprises who are part of our financial statement survey in 2018: 900 enterprises answered |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Different versions of administrative data cause revisions. In general revisions are small/moderate if compared to the known use of data. Revisions to the data after the final dissemination are made only if major error are found.
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
The methodology is the same for the preliminary data as the final data. All the revisions are due to revised source data.
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18.1. Source data | ||||||||||||||
Type of source For the compilation of the Structural Business Statistics following source datas are used: Business register, a direct inquiry, Financial supervisory authority, VAT data and Tax Authority administrative data. Administrative data from Tax Administration provides financial statements data for all enterprises (main source). The BR provides information on principal activity and number of personnel. - any possible threshold values: not applicable - the used administrative sources: Income tax data from tax authorities, Financial supervisory authority data, VAT data and Business register
Frame
Survey for Business Services data: -Stratification criteria: Activity, Employment size class The data are inquired from enterprises in the following industries (industry codes in parentheses). |
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18.1.1. Data sources overview | ||||||||||||||
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||||||
Annual data collection. |
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18.3. Data collection | ||||||||||||||
Administrative data: Scoring model is introduced to detect and evaluate errors. |
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18.4. Data validation | ||||||||||||||
1. Validation of format and file structure checks. 2. Intra-dataset checks. 3. Inter-dataset checks. 4. Intra-domain, intra-source checks. 5. Plausibility or consistency checks between two domains available in the same Institution. The internal consistency of individual responses is checked while the respondent is filling in the web-questionnaire: the divisions of turnover must sum up to total turnover. Also the completeness of the data is checked: all relevant fields have to be filled in before the respondent can complete the questionnaire. Plausibility of the responses is checked by comparing the responses with responses from previous years. Significant differences will be cleared up by contacting respondents. In case a large enterprise reports its entire turnover in one CPA class, the enterprise is contacted and the response verified. It is checked that the enterprise belongs to the correct industry by comparing the CPA category with the biggest turnover share to the enterprise's industry data on the TOL and CPA 3-digit and 4-digit levels. If the biggest CPA category answered by the enterprise does not correspond to the industry, these enterprises are revised in cooperation with the Register of Enterprises and Establishments. Large enterprises whose turnover is recorded in full in one CPA category are examined. For these enterprises, it should be examined by means of the enterprise's web pages and direct contacts whether the enterprise actually concentrates on producing only one type of service or whether the turnover could be specified in more detail. In recent years, the focus has been on companies with a turnover of over EUR 10 million. The relative distribution of CPA categories by industry is compared with the distributions of previous years. Possible significant deviations in relative shares are examined in more detail. |
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18.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||||||
Imputation methods: Survey data is mainly checked manually. It forms the basis for imputation process of some of the variables. Tax data and survey data is compiled together thus forming our structural business data. The effect of non-response is corrected by calculating the non-response correction coefficient for each stratum based on the numbers of the responding enterprises. |
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18.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||||||
The accounting year is not necessarily same as the calendar year. Corrections are made to convert accounting year data to calendar year data if the accounting year is longer than calendar year. |
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No comments. |
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